SEMESTER 2 ppt

Presentation on hybrid
two-wheeler
Guide:- Dr. Darshak A. Desai
090110119002 Keyur Desai
090110119007 Prashant Dobariya
090110119019 Shyamal Satodia
090110119022 Naishal Thakker

Aim
 The main aim of the project is to
construct a hybrid two wheeled vehicle
synergizing electrical motors and
conventional engine to yield enhanced
performance- improved fuel economy
and reduced emissions-by capitalizing
on their benefits and getting rid of their
individual limitations.

Idea behind the project
 In today's world of economic boom energy
consumption in form of fossil fuel plays a pivotal
role.
 The tremendous usage of fossil fuel i.e. petrol,
diesel, etc. leads to a malignant and polluted
environment.
 Also the prices of fossil fuels are reaching sky
day by day.
 Thus we are going to make hybrid vehicle that
will solve the problem of tremendous usage of
fuel and reduce the air pollution.

Phases of the project
 Explorative study of conventional vehicle.
 To comprehend the concept of
hybridization.
 Incorporate the modifications to hybridize
it.
 Autonomous switching control
mechanism.
 Elucidating its superiority over
conventional vehicle by experimentation.

Final prepared setup at end of
Sem1

0
5
10
15
20
25
170-190 210-230 450-480 580-620
Efficiency(%)
Speed(rpm)
Speed Vs Efficiency(ɳ)
Efficiency

Compare graph series and
parallel
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Conventional Series Parallel
Speed(Kmph)
Vehicle Type
Maximum Vehicle Speed
Comparision
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
1350
Conventional Series Parallel
Weight(Kg)
Vehicle Type
Weight comparison of total
vehicle weight

Modifications
 The main modification was the
attachment of electric motor on the front
axle proving to be the alternate means to
propel the vehicle.
 Out of all available options for electric
motor, hub motor was selected as here
there is no need for external mounting
brackets and drive chains to support a
motor and transmission. Instead all of
this is contained inside the wheel which
mounts on bike like any other wheel.

Hub Motor
* Name:14 inch front brushless hub
dc motor for electric scooter
* Model:HBL-14"F 48V 1000W bike
motor
* Casting hub suits 14 × 2.5 " tyre.
* Cable location: shaft center,left
* Cable length:160cm / 63"
* Install: spacing of 100mm fork
* Net weight:≈ 6.58kg

Modifications [cont.]
 A mechanism is to be added which could
sense the speed of the vehicle that be
the base for autonomous switching of
the vehicle.
 Speedometer was not used, instead on
the front wheel where hub motor is
fitted, a small motor cum generator was
coupled with the help of a rope drive. The
diameter of the pulley of both was in
the ratio of 2:1. As the hub motor
rotates the motor will also rotate with
help of the rope.
 It will generate some voltage will be
sensed by the microcontroller

Control Circuit Components
 Main Component
◦ Micro Controller: Arduino
 Auxiliary Components
◦ Relay
◦ Transistor
◦ Whirling Diode
◦ Resistance

What is Arduino?
 Arduino is an open-source electronics prototyping
platform based on flexible, easy-to-use hardware
and software.
 Arduino can sense the environment by receiving
input from a variety of sensors and can affect its
surroundings by controlling lights, motors, and other
actuators.
 The hardware consists of a simple open source
hardware board designed around an 8-bit Atmel AVR
microcontroller
 The software consists of a standard programming
language compiler and a boot loader that executes

Relay Resistor
Whirling Diode
Transistor
Auxiliary
Components

Program Of the Operation
 intledpin=13;
 intrelay_engine= 8;
 intrelay_motor= 7;
 intanalog_motor= A5;
 void setup()
 {
 pinMode(ledpin,OUTPUT);
 pinMode(relay_engine,OUTPUT);
 pinMode(relay_motor,OUTPUT);
 pinMode(relay_sparkplug,OUTPUT);
 digitalWrite(relay_motor,HIGH);
 pinMode(analog_motor,INPUT);
 pinMode(analog_engine,INPUT);
 }

Continued
 void loop()
 {
 // floatval_motor= analogRead(A5);
 // floatval_engine= analogRead(A4);
 // floatmotor_volt= val_motor*(5.0/1023.0);
 // floatengine_volt= val_engine*(5.0/1023.0);
 while (analogRead(A5) < 859 );
 digitalWrite(relay_engine, HIGH);
 delay(3000);
 digitalWrite(relay_engine, LOW);
 while (analogRead(A5) < 900);
 digitalWrite(relay_motor,LOW);
 }

Final set up after
Hybridization

Measurement
 For comparison purpose, total time for
which the vehicle was running is taken
as the base.
 Conventional vehicle was kept
running for 4 minutes i.e. on IC
engine.
 In hybrid mode, 2 minutes on battery
and two minutes on IC engine thus
here also the total duration is 4
minutes.

Cost Analysis
 Calculations for hybrid mode:
 The reduction in voltage of battery during 2 minutes of
operation = 0.1 V
 The rating of battery = 24 Ah
 Thus, power consumed during the operation = V * I
= 0.1 * 24
= 2.4 Wh
 The cost of electricity consumed in this operation can
be calculated by multiplying it with the cost of 1 kWh
(1 unit) of electricity which is 5.46 (Average value of
February and March 2013)
 The cost of electric power = 2.4 *10-3 * 5.46
= 0.0013 Rs.

Continued
 The fuel consumed for 2 minutes of duration
which can be calculated by taking the average of
fuel consumptions for various observations taken
during testing at various speeds
 The fuel consumed = 21.9 ml
 The cost of petrol = 68.64[25/4/2013] + cost of 2T
oil = 73.64 Rs.
 The cost of fuel consumed = Rs.1.581

Continued
 Conventional Mode
 The vehicle is run for 4 minutes of duration in IC
engine mode starting from zero speed to
maximum speed and fuel consumption was
measured at various time intervals and the value
obtained is averaged to rectify all the errors if
incurred in measurement
 Total fuel consumed = 39.6 ml
 The cost of running vehicle in conventional mode
=
= 2.858 Rs.

Results
Thus net saving in cost
=
=
= 44.68%
If we run the vehicle for two hours daily for one year, as per the
calculations the net savings will be Rs. 13,972.2
The total expenditure of constructing this hybrid vehicle is Rs. 14,300.
Thus the payback period for hybridizing the vehicle is nearly 1 year.

Conclusions
 It can be inferred from the above
experimentation payback period of
hybridizing the vehicle is approximately 1
year.
 Also, the cost benefit incurred is nearly 45 %
which seems to be considerable as far as
running cost is concerned due to escalating
prices of fuels.
 The experimentation is done on various
assumptions that the vehicle is operated in
no load condition, the analysis has been
carried out on a stationary set-up, effect of
sudden changes in speed has been
neglected.

Future Scopes
 Initially starting the vehicle by IC engine to give initial thrust
and immediately after providing initial jerk it is converted to
electric mode to reduce the overloading on motor and rest of
the operation can be carried out as usual.
 Also, it has can be shown the reverse operation of the cycle
i.e. switching over from engine to electric mode by sensing
the speed of rear wheel and feeding that signal to
microcontroller for switching on the motor.
 Provision can be made to drive the vehicle in only one mode
i.e. Hybrid or conventional mode when the changeover is
frequent.
 The experimentation can be conducted on this setup to carry
out the cost benefit analysis of hybrid vehicle with
conventional vehicle.
 Provision can be made to charge the battery by employing
regenerative braking in the vehicle.
 A portable PUC machine if available can be used to find out
the percentage reduction in harmful gases.

References
 www.leafmotor.com
 tronixstuff.wordpress.com
 directindustry.com
 basicmicro.com
 tandyonline.co.uk
 store.cunningturtle.com
 apps.co.marion.or.u

SEMESTER 2 ppt

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SEMESTER 2 ppt