Ontology based support for brain tumour study
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The document discusses building an ontology to support brain tumor study. It begins with background on brain tumors and issues with current information retrieval systems. The author then explains why ontology was chosen as a solution and the methodology used, which included identifying terminology, analyzing, synthesizing, and standardizing terms. The ontology structure with top-level branches for tumor types, symptoms, causes, and treatments is described. Potential uses for physicians and researchers are discussed.
Ontology based support for brain tumour study
- 1. Ontology-based Support for Brain Tumour Study Subhashis Das MSLIS 2011-13 DRTC, Indian Statistical Institute
- 2. Presentation Structure Introduction and background Problems of current informaton retrieval systems Why I chose Ontology Ontology building method Use Conclusion
- 3. Introduction For the diagnosis and detection of brain tumour Computer based diagnosis system proves to be helpful Brain tumour is one of the most deadly diseases in India It contributes significantly to morbidity Poor prognosis
- 4. Background Diagnosis using MRI & MRS is the main way of detection Brain tumours remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality and afflict a large percentage of the World population. In children over 1 year of age, brain tumours are the most common solid malignancies that cause disease-related death. MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging; MRS: Magnetic Resonance Scan
- 5. Why I chose brain tumours? Clinical importance Important cause of morbidity and mortality in adults and children Few improvements in outcome New approaches to management needed via greater understanding
- 6. Problems in IR Current information retrieval systems mostly Keyword search, Low precision. Junk retrieval
- 8. So what is the solution? Ontology based information system
- 9. What an ontology is and is not?
- 10. Rumours about ontologies Ontologies are overly publicised: “Ontology” is becoming a buzz word “Ontology” can “say” whatever one intends to say “Ontology” means inference “Ontology” is the ultimate solution for interoperability
- 11. Ontology A common language/vocabulary/terminology for various participants Formalised in an unambiguous representation For software agents, human experts, patients To assist in communication between humans and computer To achieve interoperability To improve the design and quality of software systems
- 12. Ontology A “static” conceptualisation of the world “What is?” rather than “How does?” Allows reasoning which respects the translation of concepts as sets of (possible) individuals Provides the underlying knowledge model for other types of reasoning, e.g. Rule Based, Case Based etc. Ontology enhance the semantics of terms by providing richer relationships between the terms of vocabulary
- 13. Why OWL (Web Ontology Language)? Reasoning capability Subsumption relationship (is-a) Relies on necessary and sufficient definition of concepts Good for maintaining a consistent ontology W3C standard Good support: existing systems and tools Good compatibility: Many ontologies are developed in owl or will be translated into owl Good extensibility
- 14. Benefits The analysis and combination of the information the result will be presented in a way that makes it easier for the user to have an overview of the up-to-date knowledge about brain tumour. The inherited organization of ontologies adds taxonomical context to search result making it easier for the research to spot conceptual relationships in data. Any one can find relationship between different factors that are responsible for brain tumour.
- 15. Other benefits Eliminating redundant effort Significant head-start Interoperability with other ontologies Community acceptance
- 16. Methodology Identification of the terminology Analysis Synthesis Standardization Ordering Sources: Giunchiglia, Fausto; Dutta, Biswanath;Maltese, Vincenzo and Farazi, Feroz (2012): A facet-based methodology for the construction of a large-scale geospatial ontology
- 17. Identification of the terminology Information sources National Brain Tumor Society (http://www.braintumor.org)-USA) American Brain Tumor Association (http://www.abta.org/) Brain Tumor Foundation of Canada (http://www.braintumour.ca/) Brain Tumor Association of Western Australia (http://braintumourwa.com) Resource pre-processing Mapping the resources Integration of the resources
- 18. Analysis and synthesis The formal terms collected during the previous phase are analyzed per genus. With the synthesis, formal terms are arrange into facets
- 19. Standardization SNOMED CT® Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine-Clinical Term (SNOMED CT) more than 311,000 active concepts with unique meanings and formal logic-based definitions organized into 19 hierarchies. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) The MeSH is a controlled vocabulary developed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) for indexing and retrieval of biomedical literature, including MEDLINE More than 1,77,000 entry Sources: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh and http://viw2.vetmed.vt.edu/sct/menu.cfm
- 20. Principles of building brain tumour ontology The constructed brain tumour ontology has four main branches Types- Describing different types of brain tumour Symptoms- Describing symptoms of brain tumour Causes- Causes responsible for brain tumour which are mainly environmental and genetic Treatments- Giving an overview of all treatments possible for that particular type of brain tumour
- 21. Types Primary tumors of the brain Gliomas Lowest grade tumors Lower grade malignancies Higher-grade malignancies Highest-grade malignancies Meningioma Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) Pituitary tumors Pineal Tumors Choroid plexus tumors Other, more benign primary tumors Tumors of nerves and/or nerve sheaths Cyst Other primary tumors, including skull base Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL) Metastatic brain tumors and carcinomatous meningitis
- 23. Symptoms A new seizure in an adult Gradual loss of movement or sensation in an arm or leg Unsteadiness or imbalance, especially if it is associated with headache Loss of vision in one or both eyes, especially if the vision loss is more peripheral Double vision, especially if it is associated with headache Hearing loss with or without dizziness Speech difficulty of gradual onset Other symptoms may also include nausea or vomiting that is most severe in the morning, confusion and disorientation, and memory loss. The following symptoms are usually not caused by a brain tumor, but may sometimes be: Headache A change in behavior
- 24. Genetic-Causes The ontology explain that brain tumour have different types which also further divided into subtypes. Brain tumour is caused by causes which can be genetic or environmental.
- 26. Treatment There is a corresponding symptoms of observable characteristics of an ill individual and treatment possible for the disorder that can be chemotherapy, surgery, psychotherapy or medication.
- 27. Demo Now I show you how I build ontology using Protégé 4.1 ontology editor
- 28. Use For physician If a medical practitioner queries the system, she/he will mainly be interested in Symptoms Possible treatment
- 29. Use When a physician cannot identify disease.
- 30. Use For researchers Its helps on drug discovery Its directed or may allow researcher to narrow down the region of interest on particular gene Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1 gene), Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2 gene), Turcots (APC gene), Gorlins (PTCH gene), Li-Fraumeni syndrome (TP53 gene).
- 31. Limitation of ontology model Assertion errors Relevance errors Encoding errors
- 32. Conclusions and future work A computer-base brain tumour ontology support the works of researcher in gathering information on brain tumour research and allows user across the world to intelligently access new scientific information much more quickly. Shared knowledge improves research efficiency and effectiveness, as it helps to avoid unnecessary redundancy in doing the same experiments.
- 33. Reference National Brain Tumor Society (http://www.braintumor.org)-USA American Brain Tumor Association (http://www.abta.org/) Brain Tumor foundation of Canada (http://www.braintumour.ca/) Brain Tumor Association of Western Australia (http://braintumourwa.com) Snomed-CT ( http://www.ihtsdo.org/snomed-ct/) Medical Subject Headings (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/mesh.html) Hadzic, Maja and Chang, Elizabeth (2005): Ontology-based support for human disease study. IEEE, 2005, pp.1-7.