2. SENTENCE:
DEFINITION:
• A sentence is an array of multiple words arranged in a
particular order. It has to be complete in itself and should
convey meaning. It can express a general idea, pose a
question or argument, provide a suggestion, make an order
or request, and so much more.
3. Parts of a Sentence:
The basic division of sentences is in terms of,
• Subjects – A noun, pronoun that does the action mentioned in the sentence. It
mostly occurs at the beginning of the sentence.
• Predicates – The remaining part of the sentence. It begins with the verb.
Examples:
Daisy teaches English.
• Subject – Daisy
• Predicate – Teaches English
He called me yesterday.
• Subject – He
• Predicate – Called me yesterday
4. Components of a Sentence:
There are five components that can make up a sentence. They are,
• Subject – The doer of the action
• Verb – The action in the sentence
• Object – The receiver of the action
• Complement -A word/phrase that modifies the subject or object in
the sentence
• Adjunct – An adverb or an adverb clause that provides us with more
information about the verb, complement or another adjunct in the
sentence.
5. Types of Sentences:
Sentences can be classified into types based on two aspects – their
function and their structure.
CLASSIFICATION ON THE BASIS OF FUNCTION:
They are categorized into four types based on their function
• Assertive/declarative, interrogative, imperative and exclamatory
sentences
CLASSIFICATION ON THE BASIS OF STRUCTURE:
They are categorized into three types based on their structure.
• Simple, complex and compound sentences
6. DECLARATIVE SENTENCE:
A declarative sentence is a sentence that:
• Makes a statement
• Provides an explanation
• Conveys one or more facts
Declarative sentences are among the most common sentences in the English
language. You use them every day. They end with periods.
Examples:
• I forgot to wear a hat today.
• Your pizza is doughy because you didn’t cook it long enough.
• Spiders and crabs are both members of the arthropod family.
7. INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE:
An interrogative sentence is a sentence that asks a question
Examples:
• How many pet iguanas do you have?
• May I sit here?
• Aren’t there enough umbrellas to go around?
8. EXCLAMATORY SENTENCE:
Much like an interrogative question ends with a question mark, an exclamatory
sentence ends with an exclamation mark. These sentences communicate heightened
emotion and are often used as greetings, warnings, or rallying cries.
Examples:
• Hey!
• High voltage! Do not touch!
• This is amazing!
The only difference between a declarative sentence and an exclamatory one is the
punctuation at the end. But that punctuation makes a big difference in how the reader
or listener interprets the sentence. Consider the difference between these:
• It’s snowing.
• It’s snowing!
9. IMPERATIVE SENTENCE:
An imperative sentence is a sentence that gives the reader advice,
instructions, a command or makes a request.
An imperative sentence can end in either a period or an exclamation point,
depending on the urgency of the sentiment being expressed.
Examples:
• Get off my lawn!
• After the timer dings, take the cookies out of the oven.
• Always pack an extra pair of socks.
• With an imperative sentence, the subject is generally omitted because the
reader understands they’re the one being addressed.
10. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES:
Conditional sentences are sentences that discuss factors and
their consequences in an if-then structure. Their structure is:
Conditional clause (typically known as the if-clause) +
consequence of that clause.
Examples:
• When you eat ice cream too fast, you get brain freeze.
• If it rains, I take an umbrella with me to work.
• If I wake up early, I always read in bed.
12. SIMPLE SENTENCE:
A simple sentence is the most basic type of sentence. This kind of
sentence consists of just one independent clause, which means it
communicates a complete thought and contains a subject and a verb.
Examples:
• How are you?
• She built a garden.
• We found some sea glass.
A simple sentence is the smallest possible grammatically correct
sentence. Anything less is known as a sentence fragment.
13. COMPLEX SENTENCE:
In contrast to a simple sentence, a complex sentence contains one
independent clause and at least one dependent clause. While an independent
clause can be its own sentence, a dependent clause can’t. Dependent clauses
rely on the independent clauses in their sentences to provide context.
Dependent clauses appear after a conjunction or marker word or before a
comma. Marker words are words like whenever, although, since, while, and
before. These words illustrate relationships between clauses.
Examples:
• Before you enter my house, take off your shoes.
• Matt plays six different instruments, yet never performs in public.
14. COMPOUND SENTENCES:
Compound sentences are sentences that contain two or
more independent clauses. In a compound sentence, the
clauses are generally separated by either a comma paired
with a coordinating conjunction or a semicolon. In some
cases, they can be separated by a colon.
Examples :
• I was thirsty, so I drank water.
• She searched through her entire closet; she could not find
her denim jacket.
