SESSION 3 - INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH TEACHING METHOD

INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH
TEACHING METHODOLOGY
Session 3
Dr. Dao Nguyen Anh Duc

TOPICS
Nature of approaches and methods in language teaching
The Oral Approach
Situational Language Teaching (SLT)

APPROACH – METHOD - TECHNIQUE
Approach
 Belief systems / Theories about nature of language and language learning
 Sources of practices and principles in language teaching

Method / Design
 Objectives
 Syllabus
 Learning tasks and teaching activities
 Roles of learners and teachers
 Role of instructional materials

Technique / Procedure
 Presenting new language
 Practicing language
 Giving feedback

MODELS OF LANGUAGE
 Cognitive
 Structural
 Functional
 Interactional
 Sociocultural
 Genre
 Lexical
1. Language is a system of structurally related elements for the coding of
meaning, such as phonemes and grammar.
2. Language is a vehicle for the expression of functional meanings and for
performing real- world activities.
3. Language is the acquisition of abstract knowledge and involves properties
of the mind.
4. Language is a communicative activity in which the social context,
customs, and beliefs are central.
5. Language is considered primarily through the role of lexis and lexical
chunks or phrases.
6. Language is a vehicle for the realization of interpersonal relations.
7. Language is governed by discourse-specific norms and texts for different
purposes.

THEORIES OF LEARNING
 Behaviourism
 Cognitive-code learning
 Creative-construction hypothesis
 Skill learning
 Interactional theory
 Constructitivism
 Sociocultural learning theory
 Individual factors

THEORIES OF LEARNING
a. learning involves learners working together to achieve mutual understanding;
negotiation of meaning is central
b. stimulus – response – reinforcement; habit formation through repetition and reinforcement
c. complex uses of language are made up of a hierarchy of skills; language learning
involves development from controlled to automatic processing of skills
d. language learning involves active mental processes; the importance of meaningful practice;
structures are presented either inductively or deductively
e. language learning is a creative process with common features regardless of learner language
background; errors are evidence of learning
f. learning style preferences, affective factors, motivation, learning strategies
g. learning involves both cognitive and social dimensions; emphasis on student-centered and project-
based learning
h. an extension of constructivism and interactional theory; learning is a process of guided
participation mediated through the direction of a more knowledgeable other.
Behaviorism
Cognitive-code
learning
Creative construction
hypothesis
Skill learning
Interactional
theory
Constructivism Sociocultural
learning theory
Individual factors

THE ORAL APPROACH
 Characteristics of the Oral approach
1. Language teaching begins with the spoken language.
2. The target language is the language of the classroom.
3. New language points are introduced and practiced situationally.
4. Vocabulary selection procedures are followed.
5. Items of grammar are graded.
6. Reading and writing are introduced once a sufficient lexical and grammatical basis is
established.

SITUATIONAL LANGUAGE TEACHING (SLT)
TASK 1:
 Work in groups in 15 minutes
 Examine the course book ‘Streamline English – Connections’
 Answer the questions in Parts 1&2 in the worksheet

SITUATIONAL LANGUAGE TEACHING (SLT)
TASK 2:
 Work in groups in 10 minutes
 Study Unit 10 in the course book ‘Streamline English – Connections’
 Study an extract from the lesson plan designed for teaching Unit 10
mentioned above
 Answer the questions in Part 3 in the worksheet

THE PPP LESSON FORMAT
 Presentation
 Use of a text, audio, or visual
 Introduction of the grammar point in a controlled situation
 Practice
 Use of controlled practice
 Use of drills, transformations, gap-fill, cloze activities, Multiple choice questions
 Correction of errors
 Production
 Use of dialogues for freer communication
 More than one correct answer

SLT
TASK 3:
 Select one unit from Streamline English – Connections
 Design a lesson plan to teach that unit using SLT
 Upload your lesson plan onto the Discussion Forum

SLT
HOMEWORK:
 Complete the summary of SLT
 Do the task
 Do the required readings

SESSION 3 - INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH TEACHING METHOD

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