Session notes_Developing conversational skills in CI recipients.pdf
- 1. Developing conversational skills in CI recipients
- 2. What is a conversation? Conversation is • Listening and responding • Adding comments • Sharing an experience • Exchange between two or more individuals Image source: ImagesBazaar
- 3. What is NOT a conversation? Conversation is not • Giving instructions • Controlling behavior • Asking lots of questions • Just waiting for an answer Image source: ImagesBazaar
- 4. Conversations need to become a part of everyday life.
- 5. Stages of conversations • Communicative attempt • Turn taking • Imitation • Vocalisation of a request • Understanding questions Image source: ImagesBazaar
- 6. Stages of conversations • Initiating conversation • Initiating questions • Answering questions • Adding comments • Changing the topic Image source: ImagesBazaar
- 7. Conversational milestones Image source: ImagesBazaar Becoming communicative 0 to 6 months Understanding more 6 to 12 months Saying some words 12 to 18 months Connecting words in phrases 18 to 24 months Increasing complexity 24 to 36 months
- 9. Language acquisition Image source: ImagesBazaar • Occurs in a social context • Used to establish and maintain social relations • Infants 4 days old show preference for native language • Hearing impaired child’s language development is more like a second language – learning Ref: Nancy Mellon, 2000
- 10. Components of language Image source: ImagesBazaar Form Syntax Morphology Phonology Content Semantics Use Pragmatics
- 11. Simple conversations Image source: ImagesBazaar • Use daily routine activities • Conduct shared activities • Add visual references • Model conversation within the family • Become a mind reader
- 12. Strategies of conversation Image source: ImagesBazaar • Model conversation with others • Ask a question and wait longer • Answer the question yourself and continue • Manage turn taking within the family
- 13. Strategies to encourage communication Image source: ImagesBazaar • Turn taking • Leaning forward • Auditory attention • Model with others • Reinforce, agree, interpret Ref: W. Estabrooks: Suggested Techniques
- 14. Strategies to encourage communication Image source: ImagesBazaar • Expand • Question • Repeat • Rephrase, retell Ref: W. Estabrooks: Suggested Techniques
- 15. Turn taking Image source: ImagesBazaar • Turn taking starts at the age of 4 months • Expectant pause leads to turn taking • More turn taking = more opportunities to learn • More turn taking = more conversation
- 16. Strategies to encourage communication Image source: ImagesBazaar • Expand • Question • Repeat • Rephrase/retell Ref: W. Estabrooks: Suggested Techniques
- 17. Conversations need to become a part of everyday life.
- 18. The Three Ts Image source: ImagesBazaar • Tune In: follow the lead of the child • Talk more: Without changing the content, find out ways to expand and extend the dialogue • Take turns: Ask open ended questions to keep the dialogue going Ref: A. Manolson – It takes Two to Talk 1992
- 19. Repeat and Expand Image source: ImagesBazaar Expansions: • Label • Describe • Explain • Pretend • project • Talk about feelings • Talk about future
- 20. Conversation starters Image source: ImagesBazaar • Put a picture under each dinner plate to be discovered as the table is cleared • Hide a small toy inside the pocket of the child’s dress • Put photograph in child’s lunch box • Decorate child lunch bag • Hide a toy under the child’s pillow
- 21. Conversation starters Image source: ImagesBazaar • Unplug TV when the child sits to watch • Freeze glass of milk and give the child to drink • Don’t put sugar in the milk • Put the child’s toy in the refrigerator
- 22. Questions to expand conversation Image source: ImagesBazaar • What next? • What if? • What is happening? • How does it work?
- 23. Questions to expand conversation Image source: ImagesBazaar • What happened? • How does it work? • Why? • What do you think?
- 24. Questions to expand conversation Image source: ImagesBazaar • What is this? • What is that? • Where is ______? • Who is _______?
- 25. Questions to expand conversation Image source: ImagesBazaar • What happened? • How does it work? • Why? • What do you think?
- 26. Questions to expand conversation Image source: ImagesBazaar • Do you want _________? • Do you like _________? • Can you give me _________? • How many?
- 27. Techniques to extend conversation Image source: ImagesBazaar • The balance in conversation • Accept the child’s attempt at conversation • Prompt the child to take their own turn • Ask the same question to different family members
- 28. Techniques to extend conversation Image source: ImagesBazaar • The balance in conversation • Accept the child’s attempt at conversation • Prompt the child to take their own turn • Ask the same question to different family members
- 29. Techniques to extend conversation Image source: ImagesBazaar • Give the child a choice • Use a WOW statement • Make a statement to prompt a question • Ask open questions • Avoid direct questions
- 30. Communicative independence is being able to Image source: ImagesBazaar • Tell you if they can’t find something • Say if they have not understood the question • Join in chats at the dinner table • Give the detailed account of their experience • Give instructions in a game
- 31. How does my child communicate? Image source: ImagesBazaar Ask yourself: • How is my child communicating? • How do I want him/her to communicate? • How do I communicate?
- 32. How does my child communicate? Image source: ImagesBazaar Identify family communication: • Do we use one spoken language? • Do we use gestures? • Who uses which language?
- 33. How does my child communicate? Image source: ImagesBazaar Identify communication changes: • Does my child communicate differently with different people? • Does my child communicate differently in different situations? • What influences the change?
- 35. Tip 1 Establish turn taking • Technique of serve and return • Pause and wait • Expectant pause • Use sabotage technique
- 36. Tip 2 Increase expressive language • Increase receptive language • Model language • Work on incidental language • Play vocabulary games
- 37. Tip 3 Ask open-ended questions during • Sessions • Meals • Joint activities • Reading stories
- 38. Tip 4 Focus on joint activities • Daily routine activities • Craft activities • Reading stories • Playing games
- 39. Tip 5 Raise the bar • Don’t anticipate the child’s needs • Keep moving your expectations higher • Use conversation starters • Include the child in discourse