SIMPLE PRESENT TENSES IN Intensive English
- 2. DEFINITION OF TENSE ◼The word ‘tense comes from the Latin word “tempus” which means time. So tense denotes the time of action of verb.
- 4. TENSE AT A GLANCE
- 5. TYPES OF TENSE • Present Simple Tense • Present Continuous Tense • Present Perfect Tense • Present Perfect Continuous Tense Present Tense • Past Simple Tense • Past Continuous Tense • Past Perfect Tense • Past Perfect Continuous Tense Past Tense • Future Simple Tense • Future Continuous Tense • Future Perfect Tense • Future Perfect Continuous Tense Future Tense
- 7. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE ⮚ Action in the present taking place once, never or several times ⮚Facts / general truth ⮚Action set by a timetable or schedule Structure: (+) Subject + Verb (Infinitive) + Object (- ) Subject + Does/Do Not +Verb (Bare Infinitive) + Object (?) Does/Do + Subject + Verb (Infinitive) + Object? Some Examples: 1. I write a letter. 2. The sun sets in the west. 3. They do not read lessons. 4. Does water maintain its surface level?
- 8. Simple Present Tense is used: • When you are referring to habitual actions-- actions that you always or never do • When you are referring to unchanging truths • When you are making general statements of fact
- 9. simple present tense Examples • (habit) He always comes late to class. • (unchanging truth) The sun rises in the east. • (general statement of fact) They are friendly.
- 10. simple present tense Indicators Always Whenever Everyday Usually Often Frequently Sometimes Rarely Occasionally never
- 11. simple present tense Form I study I wait You study You wait S/he/it studies s/he/it waits We study we wait They study they wait
- 12. simple present tense Diagram--time on a line
- 14. The “S” form is very commonly used for main verbs in the simple present tense when the subject is or means he, she, or it. For main verbs, there are three different spellings: - s, - es, and - ies Spelling of Verb in Simple Present Tense
- 15. 1. Add ”- s” to the base form EXAMPLES: aches, bakes, breathes, cares, caches, dives, edges, fiddles, files, glares, hates, hopes, jokes, lives, makes, notes, pastes, races, spares, surprises, tastes, types, writes “- s” is added when the base form ends in one or more consonants + e:
- 16. “- s” is also added when the base form ends in one or more consonants (but without e): EXAMPLES: adds, bets, beats, calls, claps, cheats, cleans, digs, drops, eats, fills, finds, fits, gets, grabs, hops, kills, knits, links, lists, means, needs, opens, puts, quits, robs, rings, rips, sends, stops, tells, trusts, voids, wants, works, zips
- 17. In addition, notice this spelling is used with the small number of verbs ending in two vowels (including - ie): EXAMPLES: ⚫agrees, argues, boos, coos, flees, glues, moos, sees, shoos, shoes, tees, woos ⚫dies, lies, ties, vies
- 18. 2. Add ”- es” to the base form EXAMPLES: does, goes, soloes when the base form ends in the vowel o: when the base form ends in ss, sh, ch, zz, and x: EXAMPLES: kisses, misses, passes, tosses; splashes, stashes, washes, wishes; scratches, teaches, touches, watches, buzzes, fizzes; Fixes, relaxes, vexes, waxes.
- 19. 3. Change ”y” to ”i” and add - es EXAMPLES: carry –> carries / copy –> copies / cry –> cries / dry –> dries / fly –> flies / fry –> fries This happens when a verb ends in a consonant + y: Verbs that end in a vowel + y do not change the y to i and then add - s, however: EXAMPLES: buy –> buys / employ –> employs / enjoy –> enjoys / flay –> flays / lay –> lays / pay –> pays / play –> plays / say –> says / slay –> slays / spray –> sprays / stay –> stays / sway –> sways