Skeletal system
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The skeletal system consists of 206 bones and connective tissues that connect them. It performs vital functions like providing a framework to support the body, protecting organs, enabling movement through muscle attachment to bones, producing blood cells, and storing minerals. The skeletal system includes long bones in the limbs, short bones in the hands and feet, flat bones like in the skull, and irregular bones like vertebrae. It is divided into the axial skeleton of the trunk and appendicular skeleton of the extremities. The skull contains cranium and facial bones that protect the brain and house senses.
Skeletal system
- 1. Skeletal System Anatomy العالي الصحيت المهن معهد مالمادة درس م.إختصاص جامعي الحمداني الوهاب عبد نزار صـالح تمـريض علــوم ماجـستير(بالغين) Salah Nazar Abdulwahhab M.Sc. Nursing 1
- 2. Skeletal System (Skeleton) The adult human skeletal system consists of 206 bones, as well as a network of tendons, ligaments and cartilage that connects them. The skeletal system performs vital functions as following: • Framework – Supports muscle, fat and skin • Protection – Surrounds vital organs – EX: skull, ribs, pelvis • Movement – Muscles attach to bones to provide movement • Production of blood cells – Red and white blood cells and platelets • Storage minerals like – Calcium and Phosphors 2
- 3. Parts of the skeletal system Bones (skeleton) Joints Cartilages Ligaments (bone to bone) (tendon=bone to muscle) 3
- 4. Bones classification according to the shape • long bones • short bones • flat bones • irregular bones 4
- 5. Long bones Typically longer than wide, have a shaft with heads at both ends, contain mostly from compact bone (examples: femur, humerus) Gross Anatomy of a Long Bone · Diaphysis = (Shaft) composed of compact bone · Epiphysis = (Ends of the bone) composed mostly of spongy bone 5
- 6. Long Bone 6
- 7. Structures of a Long Bone Periosteum - Outside covering of the diaphysis - Fibrous connective tissue membrane Sharpey’s fibers - Secure periosteum to underlying bone Blood Vessels - Supply bone cells with nutrients 7
- 8. Short bones ·Generally cube-shape ·Contain mostly spongy bone ·Examples: Carpals, tarsals 8
- 9. Flat bones ·Thin and flattened ·Usually curved by Thin layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy bone ·Examples: Skull, ribs, sternum 9
- 10. Irregular bones · Irregular shape ·Do not fit into other bone classification categories ·Example: Vertebrae and hip 10
- 11. Types of Bone Cells 1. Osteocytes: Mature bone cells 2. Osteoblasts: Bone-forming cells 3. Osteoclasts: Bone-destroying cells - Break down bone matrix for remodeling and release of calcium - Bone remodeling is a process by both osteoblasts and osteoclasts 11
- 12. Skeleton Sections Axial – Main Trunk • Composed of skull, spinal column, ribs and breastbone Appendicular – Extremities • Shoulder girdle, arm bones, pelvic girdle, leg bones 12
- 13. The Skull The bones of the skull can be divided into: Cranium bones face bones The (vault) is the upper part of the cranium and the base of the skull is the lowest part of the cranium 13
- 14. The cranium consists of the 8 bones, two of which are paired • Frontal bone: 1 • Parietal bones: 2 • Occipital bone: 1 • Temporal bones: 2 • Sphenoid bone: 1 • Ethmoid bone: 1 14
- 15. The facial bones consist of the following, two of which are single • Zygomatic bones: 2 • Maxillae: 2 • Nasal bones: 2 • Lacrimal bones: 2 • Vomer: 1 • Palatine bones: 2 • Inferior conchae: 2 • Mandible: 1 15
- 16. Thank You 16