5. Emk1 knockdown inhibits lumen formation in
MDCK cells:
-RT-PCR: EMK1 is effectively knocked down
in MDCK cells 24 hours after transfection with
P-SUPER (control) or P-SUPER-siEMK1
plasmid; knockdown confirmed on the right
with antibodies to EMK1.
- Collagen overlay assay: cells cultured 24 h
on collagen I before being overlaid with
additional collagen on the apical surface,
analyzed 24 h later. Note the lack of lumen in
EMK1-KO cultures.
- Ca switch: control or EMK1-KO cells were
plated in low Ca medium 24 h upon
transfection with pSUPER or pSUPER-KO.
After 12 h, cultures were switched to normal
medium for 24 h. Transmission EM of cells
sectioned perpendicular to the substratum
shows lack of microvilli in EMK1-KO cells.
6. Major errors
• Poor choice of font style and font size
• Poor choice of colours
(background and text)
• Too much data
• Too many lines of text
• No obvious conclusion.
7. • Make text short and to the point
• Include only key words and
phrases
• Highlight key points
Textual content
Textual content
Make text short
8. Content layout
Consistency in
• Positions of headings, subheadings,
logos
• Size of margins
• Fonts: styles, sizes, colors
Consistency
9. Font styles
Font styles
• Readable font style
• Recommended : Arial, Tahoma, Verdana
• Use a common font throughout
10. • Title size : 40 point
• Bullet point : 32 point
• Content text :24 point
• This font size is not recommended for content.
Font size
Font size
The larger, the better
11. • Don’t Sacrifice Readability for Style
• Don’t Sacrifice Readability
for Style
• Don’t Sacrifice Readability for Style
•Don’t Sacrifice
Readability for
Style
Don’t !
12. Use of capitals
Use of capitals
• DO NOT USE ALL CAPITAL LETTERS
– Makes text hard to read
– Conceals acronyms
– Denies their use for EMPHASIS
13. Use of italics
Use of italics
• Use italics
– for “quotes”
– to highlight thoughts or ideas
– for book, journal, or magazine titles
14. Use a template
Use a template
• Use a set font and color scheme.
• Different styles are disconcerting
to the audience.
15. Use the same background
on all slides
See the next slide…
16. Don’t!
Don’t use multiple
Don’t use multiple backgrounds
backgrounds in
in
your presentation
your presentation
Changing the style is distracting
Changing the style is distracting
17. Colours : Avoid this
Lots of people can’t read this –
and even if they could, it makes your eyes hurt.
18. Colours : Avoid these
Green on Blue
Purple on Blue
Orange on Green
20. This is a good mix of
colors. Readable!
Background
Background C
Co
ol
lo
or
rs
s
This is a bad mix of
colors. Low contrast.
Unreadable!
This is a good mix of
colors. Readable!
This is a bad mix of
colors. Avoid bright
colors on white.
Unreadable!
25. Charts and graphs
Charts and graphs
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
North
North
America
America
Europe Australia
Mode A
Mode B
Mode C
Do !
26. Tables
4/19 Fri 109 NICMOS restarted, Ne-loop control continues
4/22 Mon 112 Change to mounting cup control
4/23 Tue 134 Return to Ne control, Filter wheel test begins
4/24 Wed 155 Increase control temperature to allow for +2
K variations
4/25 Thur 165 Begin darks every 3rd
orbit
4/26 Fri 174 DQE test visit 1; Control temp +0.5 K
Place on a separate slide
28. Limit each slide to one idea
Limit each slide to one idea
• Use
Use Bullet Points
Bullet Points to cover
to cover
components of each idea
components of each idea
30. Points to remember
Points to remember
• Keep bullet points brief
• Use the same background for each
slide
• Use dark slides with light colored text
in large hall events
31. Avoid the “All Word” slide
Avoid the “All Word” slide
Another thing to avoid is the use of a
large block paragraph to introduce your
information. Please use short, bulleted
statements and avoid typing out your
whole presentation on to the slides.
Also, it is difficult for some to listen and
read a large amount of text at the same
time.
Don’t
32. To make a slide stand out
To make a slide stand out
change
change
the font,
the font,
the background, or
the background, or
add animation.
add animation.
33. Limit animation
Limit animation
• Use the same type of animation
throughout the entire presentation
• Using more than one type can be
very distracting
36. Effective presentation
• Do not read your slides
• Do not use too many gimmicks (videos)
• Do not pace up and down but also don’t
stand rigid!
• Do not wave your pointer all over the
slide
• Do not talk to the screen
37. • Do face the audience and make eye
contact
• Do show enthusiasm and vary the tone of
your voice
• Do practice beforehand
• Do ask your friends for feedback
• Do RELAX and ENJOY your presentation!
Effective presentation
(contd.)
#4:The next slide a very poorly designed slide. By examining the defects and errors in it, we can consider ideas for creating an effective slide.
Now, let us examine the next slide.
#5:Just see how poorly designed the slide is. Try reading the text. Can anyone read it? None can read it without difficulty. Why?
Because of poor choice of colour. Moreover, there is too much text in the slide. There are too many pictures also. The slide as a whole is not conveying any information at all!! In short, these are the main defects of the slide. Next side…
#6:Now have one more look at the defective slide. Let us go back to previous slide.
Previous slide.
Then this slide.
Next slide…
#7:These are the main points to be remembered while entering text in a slide.
The first point is the most important one. Make text short and to the point. In this sentence “Make text short and to the point”, we can even make it shorter: “Make text short”. This is enough. The other part is only a further explanation. This can be achieved by the instruction in the second line: “Include only key words and phrases.” In a given context, we must be able to identify the most important words and phrases. This can be achieved only if we are thoroughly familiar with the material we are presenting. If we have not digested the ideas, we will not be in a position to identify the key words and phrases. We may use several methods for this purpose. In this slide we have used a different color to highlight the key words. Note that in the first line, the key words are text and short. In the second line, the important words are key and words.
In the third line the key word is highlight.