Smart Textiles – Adding Value to Sri Lankan Textiles The Electronic Textiles Option (Handout)
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The document outlines advancements in smart textiles at the University of Manchester, particularly focusing on the development of electronically active and intelligent textiles capable of adapting to their environment. It discusses various technologies, including electro-conductive fibers, knitted sensors, and EL yarns, aimed at applications in medical monitoring, automotive industries, and fashion. Future research will concentrate on integrating electronic devices into fabrics, creating a new generation of smart textiles with enhanced functionality.
![Tilak Dias
Target Markets
1. Health, Wellbeing & Homecare
Market size e.g. cardiovascular: ECG US$8bn1
Predictive monitoring
Clinical monitoring of patients in their own homes
2. Sports
Estimated market size US$2bn – Professional Personal monitoring
Training, lifestyle, personal
3. Hazardous Environment – first responders, military
Estimated market size US$2bn
[1] Global Market For Patient Monitoring devices US$11.4bn (Frost & Sullivan 2005)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/slintecslpresentationtd12aug09-091117035213-phpapp02/85/Smart-Textiles-Adding-Value-to-Sri-Lankan-Textiles-The-Electronic-Textiles-Option-Handout-41-320.jpg)
Smart Textiles – Adding Value to Sri Lankan Textiles The Electronic Textiles Option (Handout)
- 1. Smart Textiles – Adding Value to Sri Lankan Textiles The Electronic Textiles Option Dr Tilak Dias School of Materials The University of Manchester, UK
- 2. Tilak Dias Introduction • All current commodity textiles are passive; i.e. not capable of adapting to environmental changes • Current technical textiles are engineered to perform within a defined set of parameters; may have the ability to adapt to changes within very narrow bandwidth of environmental changes
- 3. Tilak Dias Introduction Next generation of textiles will be active and intelligent; i.e. they would be able to adapt to changes in the environment Question What are they ?
- 4. Tilak Dias SMART & Intelligent Knitted Structures Core Elements Knitted transducers Intelligent signal processing Knitted actuators
- 6. Tilak Dias Background Research team: • Anura Fernando • Edward Lay • Kim Mitcham • Ravindra Monaragala • Ravindra Wijesiriwardana • William Hurley
- 7. Tilak Dias Research in Electro-textiles • Heat generating knitted structures • Knitted transducers and sensors • Light emitting fabrics • Electronically active yarns
- 8. Tilak Dias Electrically Active Knitted Structures Concept of creating textiles with significant electrical properties: Incorporate conductive elements into the structure knitted structure Electro Conductive Area (ECA)
- 9. Tilak Dias Science and Technology Base Advantage of using knitted structures • • • •
- 10. Tilak Dias Creation of ECA Use of electro-conductive fibres/yarns Metal yarns (mono-filament and multi-filament) Metal deposition yarns Carbon fibres and yarns Conducting polymeric yarns Stainless steel yarn
- 11. Tilak Dias Creation of ECA Use of electro-conductive fibres/yarns Metal yarns (mono-filament and multi-filament) Metal deposition yarns Carbon fibres and yarns Conducting polymeric yarns PA yarn vacuum coated with Ag nano layer
- 12. Tilak Dias Creation of ECA Use of electro-conductive fibres/yarns Metal yarns (mono-filament and multi-filament) Metal deposition yarns Carbon fibres and yarns Conducting polymeric yarns Silicone monofilament yarn loaded with Carbon (0.5mm diameter); FabRoc®
- 13. Tilak Dias Scan2Knit Technology Computerised flat-bed knitting technology to create three dimensionally shaped seamless stockings Stoll CMS 330.6, E18
- 14. Tilak Dias Advantages of using modern computerised flat- bed knitting technology to create medical textiles • Precision positioning of fibers in 3D space • Ability to create seamless 3D structures • Multilayer structures • True seamless garment knitting techniques • “Scan2Knit” technology
- 15. Tilak Dias Example of a knitted sensor Conductive pathway 1 Base structure ECA Conductive pathway 2
- 16. Tilak Dias Modelling RH RL RL RH Unit Cell - Stitch Electrical Equivalent Circuit
- 17. Tilak Dias Modelling Calculation of RH and RL Lleg Lhead RL RH A A RL Resistance of the stitch leg RH Resistance of the stitch head Lleg Yarn length in the stitch leg Lhead Yarn length in the stitch head A Yarn cross sectional area A Yarn cross sectional area ρ Resistivity of yarn ρ Resistivity of yarn
- 18. Tilak Dias Equivalent resistive mesh circuit of the ECA Modelling 22 Equivalent Resistance (Req) 20 18 16 14 12 10 20 10 20 15 10 0 5 0 Relationship between equivalent resistance and stitch density of the ECA Dimensions of the ECA: m courses x n wales Assumption: Lleg = 2 Lhead
- 19. Tilak Dias Theoretical Prediction of Current Distribution Current Distribution in Stitch Heads Temperature Distribution in Stitch Heads Current Distribution in Stitch Legs Temperature Distribution in Stitch Legs
- 20. Tilak Dias Heating Glove Conductive pathways ThermoKnit® heater elements (ECA) Power Vs Temperature (Room temp: 25°C ) Voltage Vs Average Steady State Temperature (Room temp: 25°C)
- 21. Tilak Dias Knitted Switch Technology “K-Switch” Motivation: Development of Next Generation of Textiles for the Automotive Industry Industry Requirement: • Textile based switches and sensors with electro conductive pathways • Heating textiles • Light emitting textiles (headliners)
- 22. Tilak Dias Knitted structure with 4 dual ECAs (K-Switches) ECA2 ECA1 Knitted structure 20m m Constructional information: Principle of operation: The minimum gap between the ECAs: Measurement of DC resistance between • Yarn filament diameter; the two ECAs • Stitch length
- 23. Tilak Dias K-Switch Technology DC Resistance variation Operation of the K-Switch Principle of operation: Measurement of the DC resistance between the two ECAs Determined with a precision digital multimeter under two wire resistance measurement configuration at 0.1s sample rate
- 24. Tilak Dias K-Switch Technology DC Resistance variation with time Observation: less than 300µs settling time
- 25. Tilak Dias Applications K-Switch Technology
- 26. Tilak Dias K-Switch Technology Analysis Advantages: • Easy and reliable manufacture • Higher degree of design capability (3 yarn jacquard knitting) • Cost effective manufacture • Higher durability and life time • Straightforward integration of K-Switches for different applications Limitations: • Simple electronics • Switch characteristics depends on skin resistance • Ineffective to other materials
- 27. Tilak Dias K-Switch Technology Modelling of Impedance between the ECAs Cole-Cole model equivalent circuit of the ECA - Skin - ECA Impedance
- 28. Tilak Dias Influence of the measurement frequency on the impedance - open circuit of the ECAs Open circuit impedance is 0.1954 MΩ at frequencies greater than 2 MHz Impedance in MΩ K-Switch Technology Frequency in MHz
- 29. Tilak Dias Impedance characteristics of K-Switch Closed circuit of the ECAs K-Switch Technology
- 30. Tilak Dias Impedance characteristics of K-Switch Closed circuit of the ECAs K-Switch Technology
- 31. Tilak Dias Electro-Luminescent Fibre Structures Theoretical background: Exposure of an electroluminescent substance to a high frequency electrical field radiate light The state-of-the-art EL polymer sheets Screen printing micro-encapsulated phosphors (Osram) on to plastic sheets EL layer (µm) Conductive transparent layer (µm) 2 dielectric layers (µm) Silver layer (µm) Plastic sheet (base)
- 32. Tilak Dias EL Yarn Technology Motivation: Develop EL Yarns which could be integrated into textile structures Concept 1. Electro-conductive yarn 2. Dielectric layer 3. EL layer 4. Transparent protective layer 5. Conductive wire
- 34. Tilak Dias Not activated Activated – low frequency Knitted EL Samples Activated – high frequency
- 35. Tilak Dias Application of EL Fibres • Light Emitting Textiles • Transport sector, passenger cabin design of vehicles; e.g. headliners, carpets, upholstery • Advertising industry; e.g. flexible and drapable billboards and notice boards • Buildings; e.g. ceilings, walls, carpets • Household products; e.g. curtains, furniture fabrics, wall hangings, lamp shades, decorative products • Safety and security products • Light Emitting Braids and Ropes • Safety and security products • Decorative and fashion products
- 36. Tilak Dias Garment System for vital sign monitoring Background Suggestion from School of Medicine, University of Manchester Initiation of partnership between Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering (ISBE), Medical School; Digital Signal Processing Group (DSPG), School of Electrical & Electronics, and Department of Textiles (UMIST) in 2002 Initial funding from The Department of Trade and Industry, UK Setting-up research team for Science & Technology development
- 37. Tilak Dias Research Achievements • Creation of Science base for knitted transducers • Knitted dry electrodes • Knitted strain gauges • Knitted inductive sensors • Knitted conductive pathways • Development of technology for producing a garment with integrally knitted sensors and conductive pathways • Development of vest with 2 lead ECG (proof of concept)
- 38. Tilak Dias Commercialisation of Technology • IPR protected by UMIP 1 core patent • IPR assigned to a group of entrepreneurs • Formation of a joint venture company by UMIP SmartLife® Technology Ltd • Raised funds by SmartLife® for development of core technology in the University (SoM, ISBE, DSPG) • Development of “Health Vest” with 3 leads ECG, Respiratory and Skin Temperature monitoring • Development of hardware and signal processing software
- 39. Tilak Dias SmartLife® Health Vest 2004 2004 2007
- 40. Tilak Dias Signal comparison Signal from standard Ag/AgCl Gel electrodes Signal from SmartLife® electrodes Amplitude (mV) Duration (ms) Signal Section Ag/AgCl Vest Ag/AgCl Vest P wave 0.2 0.3 120 120 QRS complex 2.0 2.5 80 80 T wave 0.5 0.5 240 240
- 41. Tilak Dias Target Markets 1. Health, Wellbeing & Homecare Market size e.g. cardiovascular: ECG US$8bn1 Predictive monitoring Clinical monitoring of patients in their own homes 2. Sports Estimated market size US$2bn – Professional Personal monitoring Training, lifestyle, personal 3. Hazardous Environment – first responders, military Estimated market size US$2bn [1] Global Market For Patient Monitoring devices US$11.4bn (Frost & Sullivan 2005)
- 42. Tilak Dias Current Research Sensor sock for drop foot detection High frequency textile antenna
- 43. Tilak Dias Future …… Electronically functional yarns Fibres and yarns with sensors, transducers and activators
- 44. Tilak Dias Apparel Manufacturing Process Interface Key process steps Integration of electronic devices with apparels Active and sensory micro-devices GARMENT Fibres/Yarn Fabric Garment Manufacture Manufacture 2nd Generation Manufacture 3rd Generation 1st Generation 1st Generation
- 45. Tilak Dias Electronically active and sensor fibres Technology is based on the encapsulated area not exceeding 110% of the thread thickness
- 46. Tilak Dias Vision The development of novel technology for fabricating electronically active and sensor fibres which will be the basic building blocks of the next generation ‘SMART’ fibrous materials
- 47. Tilak Dias Micro-device Encapsulation Technology Involves encapsulating devices with a flexible hermetic seal for mechanical, thermal and electrical protection
- 48. Tilak Dias MET Platform μ-devices: • electronic chips • magnetic devices • optical devices • thermal devices Schematic diagram of a yarn device • Development of the concept of encapsulating • Mathematical modelling • Design and development of an experimental rig • Demonstrator E-Yarn with a working diode (LED) and RFID tag
- 50. Tilak Dias INVENTION Micro-device Encapsulation Technology Platform Prototype Demonstrator ?
- 51. Tilak Dias Demonstrator 1 Light Emitting Fibres Yarn with a working Diode Energised (0.4 x 1.0 x 0.3 mm LED)
- 52. Tilak Dias Light Emitting Garments Events Garments
- 53. Tilak Dias Demonstrator 2 RFID Fibres Aim: Development of MET for embedding Hitachi MU Tag © Copyright EntellFibres Ltd 2008
- 54. Tilak Dias Current Research Development of light emitting fabrics • Active fashion garments • Displays Development of sensory yarn capable of: • Monitoring strain/stress • Sensing temperature • Pressure measurement • Sensing fluids/liquids
- 55. Thank You