Smart Ticketing System for Public Transport
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The document describes a proposed smart ticketing system for public transport that would integrate different transport systems onto a single platform using RFID and other technologies. Key features include allowing passengers to purchase tickets for different modes of transit using a single card, sending ticket information to passengers digitally via SMS to reduce paper waste, and including a parental control app to track passengers' locations for safety. The system was designed using a NodeMCU ESP32 microcontroller, RFID reader, LCD display, keypad and other hardware components connected through circuits. It was tested to successfully purchase tickets, with the entire system enclosed in a 3D printed enclosure for portability. The proposed system aims to provide a seamless ticketing experience for commuters while also
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2740
Smart Ticketing System for Public Transport
Tushar Suvarna1, Aditya Mali2, Purushotham Panasa3, Sanmitra Kamble4, Mahalaxmi Palinje5
1,2,3,4B.E. Student, Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication, Atharva College of Engineering, Mumbai, India
5Professor, Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication, Atharva College of Engineering, Mumbai, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Modern cities of today have developed multiple
means of transportation including buses, trains, metros, etc.
Now each public transport system has their own ticketing
system and it becomes a hectic process for commuters to
manage separate smart cards or apps for every transport
medium. A smart approach is needed that integrates all these
systems together and allows for a centralized system for all
transportation mediums. Furthermore, in developing and
under developed countries in any public transportation
printed tickets are still in use, once the commuter reaches
his/her destination, the ticket is of no use and is eventually
thrown away leading to huge paper wastagewhicheventually
leads to deforestation.
Key Words: RFID, public transport, commuter, bus, ESP 32,
Node.js, MongoDB, IoT.
1. INTRODUCTION
The following project is an upgrade for our public transport.
Smart ticketing system for public transport is a project to
bring all the ticketing methods to one single platform or one
single card. A single card can be tapped at the RFID machine
and one needs to enter the travel details via the keypad
provided after which the ticket will be sent on your
smartphone via SMS. A particular app is developed for that
has a guardian or parental control which can give you the
location of the card holder, a safety feature for the users. As
all the ticketing method are united in to one single form the
queue lines will also have detracted time for tickets. As the
tickets are e-generated the paper usage will also take a big
toll off you can never lose a ticket and you will always have a
record of where have you been.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Our current ticketing system for public transport still uses
paper tickets except for metro. Recently, BEST started a card
system for monthly, quarterly, and yearly passes. But as per
BEST administrative sources this system has beenconceding
loss since the past few years especially from the start of
COVID-19 pandemic. Reason behind the failure is that
commuters have to go to the specific bus depots to recharge
the card. At the end of every month there is a long queue
outside bus depots to refill the pass. As COVID-19 situation
started in our country every public transport has conceded
economic loss. BEST has conceded more losses in this time
compared to the last 5 years and therefore most of BEST
depots have shut the pass system.
In [1], Meet et. al. proposed a ticketing system for bus
transport that provided passengers with a real-timelocation
of the bus to save their time which would otherwise be
wasted while waiting for the bus. Also, the huge amount of
paper waste generated by printed tickets can be avoided as
their system provides tickets to passengers digitally. The
analysis created based on a simulation of their system can
help the bus management with proper planning of the bus
schedule. Bus management can use this analysis to generate
relevant data such as the frequency of passengers on each
day, peak times and the mostusedroutewhichwillhelpthem
in planning the bus schedule to fulfil passenger's demand as
well as in generating revenue.
In [2], Shreya et al. proposed a Smart ticketing system using
RFID to make bus journeys paperless. In the paper, they
mention that after passengers reach their destination they
throw the ticket, as it is of no use. To overcome this issue the
authors proposed a system in which they used RFID
microcontrollers - Arduino uno and RaspberryPi.Thereader
system along with the GPS module is attached at the entry
and exit. When the passenger enters, he has to tap the cardat
the reader, the RFID reader reads the card and the GPS
module records the exact coordinates where the passenger
boarded the bus. At the destination the passenger has to tap
again, then on the basis of the distance travelled the fare is
calculated and the fare will be deducted from the RFID card.
In [3], Telugu et. al. proposed a ticketing system using
microcontroller and IoT, demonstrated with a laboratory
prototype. This system can be used to travel in any mode of
transportation like Bus, Trains, and Metros using only one
smart card. The system is tested for functions like detecting
and authenticating the smart card and for ticket purchasing.
Also, it reduces the major source of financial loss due to
printing of tickets on paper. The author also aimed to
fabricate the system as an industry model and planned to
extend its application to any authenticated transport billing
system.
In [4], Pavan et al. proposed a bus ticketing system using
RFID to digitalize the ticketing system which will be
comfortable for passengers as well as workers and to
overcome challenges such as security, unreliability and
malfunctioning issues. The automated ticketing system will
be kept inside the bus. After tapping, the reader scans the
card and displays the name and the boarding location which
will be stored in the database. Then a 4-digit pin will be](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v9i4329-220927121413-aec6bc75/85/Smart-Ticketing-System-for-Public-Transport-1-320.jpg)
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2741
asked. If the pin entered matches, then only the user is
allowed toaccess the card. After the pin verification, the user
has to enter boarding and destination pointsand thenumber
of persons. After getting off at the destination the selected
point will be checked. After checking boarding and selected
destination coordinates, the fare will be calculated and
deducted from the card balance.
In [5], Aman et al. proposed a Bus Ticket Generation System
which is based on RFID and IoT. Their main goal is to reduce
the confusion about fares and pay the correct amount. The
project is implemented using an RFID card, Arduino and
servo motor. The authors explain that the ticket generation
will be kept at the entrance of the bus. The passenger has to
tap the card on the reader and select the destination. The
amount will be calculated and will be deducted from the
balance. After deduction, the bus doors will be opened for30
seconds. Using the servo motor the doorswillopenandclose.
The Wi-fi module is used for wireless transactions of data
between the system and the database.
In [6], Bhumik et al. made a bus ticketing system using RFID
to avoid paper pollution and the money change causes
quarrels among passengers and conductors. In addition to
this, as the crowd keeps on increasing, the conductor is not
able to move throughout the bus 7-10 times. So, the authors
placed the RFID readers at the entrance and exit of the bus.
The user has to place his RFID card on the reader and select
the source and destination; the amount will be deducted and
the available balance will be shown on the display.
In [7], Prafulla et. al. presented a fully automated, reliable,
transparent and convenient system for ticketing where GPS
was used for the distance measurement and fare calculation.
They proposed a universal travel pass card that allows
transportation on any route. Since fare calculation is done
through proper distance measurement using GPS, fare is
crystal clear and provides no room for confusion. They also
created a database for travelers which could be accessed via
the internet using a USB modem.
3. BLOCK DIAGRAM
Fig -1: Block Diagram
Components Used
NodeMCU ESP32
NodeMCU ESP32 consumes less power and it is less
expensive than other microcontrollers. It comes with an
inbuilt Wi-Fi module and has a dual-mode Bluetooth. It has
integrated antenna switches, filters, power-management
modules, low-noise receive amplifier and a RF balun.
Expressif Systems is the company that developed the ESP32
and TSMC is the company that manufactures ESP32. With
high-speed caches, the SRAM and the external QSPI flash is
accessed. In the CPU codespace, a 16 MB of external flashare
memory mapped and an 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit access is
supported. In the CPU data space, an 8 MB of external SRAM
are memory mapped and an 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit access is
supported.
RFID RC522 Reader
RFID Reader is nothing but a Radio Frequency receiver and
transmitter which read and write information on to a RFID
tag. RRC522 is a 13.56 MHz RFID card Reader module. It is a
very low-cost reader and it is based on MFRC522 which is
very easy to use onlargevarietyofapplications.Thiscompact
size read and write chip is designed by NXP.
20x4 LCD Display
A 20x4 LCD means it can display 20 characters per line and
there are 4 such lines and each of the characters are
displayed in a 5x7 pixel matrix. It has two registers, namely,
data and command.
I2C Module
I2C module consists of an integrated PCF8574 chip which
converts I2C serial data to aligned data for the LCD
display. Contrast on the LCD display can also be adjusted
using this module.
4x4 Matrix Keypad
If welink 16 buttons to the microcontroller,theneachbutton
takes 1 GPIO pin. But with matrix keypad, we only need 8
pins. The keys at each of the rows are connected to a pin
called ROW pin, namely, R1, R2, R3, and R4.
Software Specifications
A. Stack used in Backend
Node.js
Node.js is a backend JavaScript runtime environment which
runs on the V8 engine. It is an open source; cross platform
JavaScript runtime environment that executes JavaScript
codeoutsidea web browser. Node.js representsa"JavaScript
everywhere" paradigm and a development around a single
programming language, rather than different languages for
server side and client-side scripts.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v9i4329-220927121413-aec6bc75/85/Smart-Ticketing-System-for-Public-Transport-2-320.jpg)
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2743
Fig -5: Commuter’s location accessed by guardian
Thus, we were able to design and implement a smart
ticketing system that integrates all public transport systems
together and allows for a singlemastercardandacentralized
system for all transportation mediums, ensuring a seamless
ticketing experience for commuters and also ensuring the
safety and security of commuters.
7. CONCLUSION
This paper provides solution for passengers as well as the
transport system by making the ticketing system smart,
ensuring a seamless ticketing experience.Thissystemworks
on NodeMCU ESP32 that comes with an integrated Wi-Fi
module that costs less compared to other microcontrollers
thus reducing the overall cost of the entire system. The aim
of this paper was to give a brief information about paperless
ticketing system for public transport that integrates all the
three major modes of transports.
REFERENCES
[1] Meet J Shah Dept. of information Technology St. Francis
Institute of Technology Mumbai, India
meetshah133@gmail.com, Rajesh P Prasad Dept. of
Information Technology St. Francis Institute of
Technology Mumbai, India, Aashutosh S Singh Dept. of
Information Technology St. Francis Institute of
Technology Mumbai, India.
[2] Shreya Andhale, Nirmayee Dighe, Akanksha
Kore,Darshana Gaikwad,Jayasudha Koti Dept.
Electronics and Telecommunication Engg. St. Francis
Institute of Technology, University of Mumbai Mumbai,
India.
[3] Telugu Maddileti,DepartmentofECM,SNIST,Telangana,
India. R.K. Pongiannan, Dept. of EEE, SRMIST,
Kancheepuram, Tamilnadu, India. V. Kranthi Sai Reddy,
Department of ECM, SNIST, Telangana, India. V. Sai
Jahnavi, Department of ECM, SNIST, Telangana, India. S.
Prathima, Department of ECM, SNIST, Telangana, India.
[4] Pavan Telluri, Sara deep Manam, Jayashree M Oli
Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Bengaluru,
Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India.
[5] Aman Kaushik1, Kumar Sanu2, Kajol Singh3, Aayush
Raj4, Sumitra Kumari5 1Assistant Professor, AIT-CSE,
Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
2,3,4,5Student, AIT-CSE, Chandigarh University,Mohali,
Punjab, India
[6] Bhumik Patel Department of Computer Engineering,
University, Mumbai, Palghar, India., Parthvi Pandey
Department of Computer Engineering, University,
Mumbai, Palghar, India, Durvesh V. Sonar Department
of Computer Engineering, University, Mumbai, Palghar,
India, Tina D’abreo, Department of Computer
Engineering, University, Mumbai.
[7] Prafulla P S Dept. ECE BGSIT, Nagpur, Kalavathin S N
Dept. ECE BGSIT, Nagpur, Hema K J, UG student Dept.
ECE BGSIT, Nagpur.
[8] Sunitha Nandhini.A 1, Sangeetha.G 2, VidhyaJanani .J 3
Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science
and Engineering, Sri Krishna College of Technology,
Coimbatore.
[9] Karthika J, Varshanapriyaa S, SaiHaranS,SuriyaPrakash
C Assistant Professor, Department of EEE, Sri Krishna
College of Engineering & Technology,Coimbatore,Tamil
Nadu UG Student, Department of EEE, Sri Krishna
College of Engineering & Technology,Coimbatore,Tamil
Nadu.
[10] A Dr. V.Geetha, Assistant Professor in CSE Department,
SCSVMV Deemed to be University. Dr. C.K.Gomathy,
Assistant Professor in CSE Department, SCSVMV
Deemed to be University Nirnipreetham, UG Scholar
CSE Department, SCSVMV Deemed to be University
Ponugotipavan kumar, UG Scholar CSE Department,
SCSVMV Deemed to be University.
[11] Varun Kaushik 7th semester, Electronics &
Communication R.V College of Engineering Bengaluru,
India, Suhas P 7th semester, Electronics &
Communication R.V College of Engineering Bengaluru,
India.
[12] Dr. Vinit Kotak, “RFID-based bus ticketing system using
android and GTFS”, International Journal of Advanced](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v9i4329-220927121413-aec6bc75/85/Smart-Ticketing-System-for-Public-Transport-4-320.jpg)
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2744
Research in Computer and Communication Engineering
(IJARCCE) Vol. 5, Issue 3, March 2016.
[13] V. Apsara, “RFID based bus ticketing system for Public
Transport System (PTS)”, International Journal of
Industrial Electronics and Electrical Engineering
(IJIEEE) Vol. 4, Issue 5, May 2016.
[14] Mr. Mohammad Osman, “Enhancement of Public
Transportation services usingwirelesstechnologieslike
Zigbee, RFID, GSM and GPS”, International Journal of
Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) Vol. 6, No.
7, December 2013.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v9i4329-220927121413-aec6bc75/85/Smart-Ticketing-System-for-Public-Transport-5-320.jpg)
Smart Ticketing System for Public Transport
- 1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2740 Smart Ticketing System for Public Transport Tushar Suvarna1, Aditya Mali2, Purushotham Panasa3, Sanmitra Kamble4, Mahalaxmi Palinje5 1,2,3,4B.E. Student, Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication, Atharva College of Engineering, Mumbai, India 5Professor, Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication, Atharva College of Engineering, Mumbai, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Modern cities of today have developed multiple means of transportation including buses, trains, metros, etc. Now each public transport system has their own ticketing system and it becomes a hectic process for commuters to manage separate smart cards or apps for every transport medium. A smart approach is needed that integrates all these systems together and allows for a centralized system for all transportation mediums. Furthermore, in developing and under developed countries in any public transportation printed tickets are still in use, once the commuter reaches his/her destination, the ticket is of no use and is eventually thrown away leading to huge paper wastagewhicheventually leads to deforestation. Key Words: RFID, public transport, commuter, bus, ESP 32, Node.js, MongoDB, IoT. 1. INTRODUCTION The following project is an upgrade for our public transport. Smart ticketing system for public transport is a project to bring all the ticketing methods to one single platform or one single card. A single card can be tapped at the RFID machine and one needs to enter the travel details via the keypad provided after which the ticket will be sent on your smartphone via SMS. A particular app is developed for that has a guardian or parental control which can give you the location of the card holder, a safety feature for the users. As all the ticketing method are united in to one single form the queue lines will also have detracted time for tickets. As the tickets are e-generated the paper usage will also take a big toll off you can never lose a ticket and you will always have a record of where have you been. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW Our current ticketing system for public transport still uses paper tickets except for metro. Recently, BEST started a card system for monthly, quarterly, and yearly passes. But as per BEST administrative sources this system has beenconceding loss since the past few years especially from the start of COVID-19 pandemic. Reason behind the failure is that commuters have to go to the specific bus depots to recharge the card. At the end of every month there is a long queue outside bus depots to refill the pass. As COVID-19 situation started in our country every public transport has conceded economic loss. BEST has conceded more losses in this time compared to the last 5 years and therefore most of BEST depots have shut the pass system. In [1], Meet et. al. proposed a ticketing system for bus transport that provided passengers with a real-timelocation of the bus to save their time which would otherwise be wasted while waiting for the bus. Also, the huge amount of paper waste generated by printed tickets can be avoided as their system provides tickets to passengers digitally. The analysis created based on a simulation of their system can help the bus management with proper planning of the bus schedule. Bus management can use this analysis to generate relevant data such as the frequency of passengers on each day, peak times and the mostusedroutewhichwillhelpthem in planning the bus schedule to fulfil passenger's demand as well as in generating revenue. In [2], Shreya et al. proposed a Smart ticketing system using RFID to make bus journeys paperless. In the paper, they mention that after passengers reach their destination they throw the ticket, as it is of no use. To overcome this issue the authors proposed a system in which they used RFID microcontrollers - Arduino uno and RaspberryPi.Thereader system along with the GPS module is attached at the entry and exit. When the passenger enters, he has to tap the cardat the reader, the RFID reader reads the card and the GPS module records the exact coordinates where the passenger boarded the bus. At the destination the passenger has to tap again, then on the basis of the distance travelled the fare is calculated and the fare will be deducted from the RFID card. In [3], Telugu et. al. proposed a ticketing system using microcontroller and IoT, demonstrated with a laboratory prototype. This system can be used to travel in any mode of transportation like Bus, Trains, and Metros using only one smart card. The system is tested for functions like detecting and authenticating the smart card and for ticket purchasing. Also, it reduces the major source of financial loss due to printing of tickets on paper. The author also aimed to fabricate the system as an industry model and planned to extend its application to any authenticated transport billing system. In [4], Pavan et al. proposed a bus ticketing system using RFID to digitalize the ticketing system which will be comfortable for passengers as well as workers and to overcome challenges such as security, unreliability and malfunctioning issues. The automated ticketing system will be kept inside the bus. After tapping, the reader scans the card and displays the name and the boarding location which will be stored in the database. Then a 4-digit pin will be
- 2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2741 asked. If the pin entered matches, then only the user is allowed toaccess the card. After the pin verification, the user has to enter boarding and destination pointsand thenumber of persons. After getting off at the destination the selected point will be checked. After checking boarding and selected destination coordinates, the fare will be calculated and deducted from the card balance. In [5], Aman et al. proposed a Bus Ticket Generation System which is based on RFID and IoT. Their main goal is to reduce the confusion about fares and pay the correct amount. The project is implemented using an RFID card, Arduino and servo motor. The authors explain that the ticket generation will be kept at the entrance of the bus. The passenger has to tap the card on the reader and select the destination. The amount will be calculated and will be deducted from the balance. After deduction, the bus doors will be opened for30 seconds. Using the servo motor the doorswillopenandclose. The Wi-fi module is used for wireless transactions of data between the system and the database. In [6], Bhumik et al. made a bus ticketing system using RFID to avoid paper pollution and the money change causes quarrels among passengers and conductors. In addition to this, as the crowd keeps on increasing, the conductor is not able to move throughout the bus 7-10 times. So, the authors placed the RFID readers at the entrance and exit of the bus. The user has to place his RFID card on the reader and select the source and destination; the amount will be deducted and the available balance will be shown on the display. In [7], Prafulla et. al. presented a fully automated, reliable, transparent and convenient system for ticketing where GPS was used for the distance measurement and fare calculation. They proposed a universal travel pass card that allows transportation on any route. Since fare calculation is done through proper distance measurement using GPS, fare is crystal clear and provides no room for confusion. They also created a database for travelers which could be accessed via the internet using a USB modem. 3. BLOCK DIAGRAM Fig -1: Block Diagram Components Used NodeMCU ESP32 NodeMCU ESP32 consumes less power and it is less expensive than other microcontrollers. It comes with an inbuilt Wi-Fi module and has a dual-mode Bluetooth. It has integrated antenna switches, filters, power-management modules, low-noise receive amplifier and a RF balun. Expressif Systems is the company that developed the ESP32 and TSMC is the company that manufactures ESP32. With high-speed caches, the SRAM and the external QSPI flash is accessed. In the CPU codespace, a 16 MB of external flashare memory mapped and an 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit access is supported. In the CPU data space, an 8 MB of external SRAM are memory mapped and an 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit access is supported. RFID RC522 Reader RFID Reader is nothing but a Radio Frequency receiver and transmitter which read and write information on to a RFID tag. RRC522 is a 13.56 MHz RFID card Reader module. It is a very low-cost reader and it is based on MFRC522 which is very easy to use onlargevarietyofapplications.Thiscompact size read and write chip is designed by NXP. 20x4 LCD Display A 20x4 LCD means it can display 20 characters per line and there are 4 such lines and each of the characters are displayed in a 5x7 pixel matrix. It has two registers, namely, data and command. I2C Module I2C module consists of an integrated PCF8574 chip which converts I2C serial data to aligned data for the LCD display. Contrast on the LCD display can also be adjusted using this module. 4x4 Matrix Keypad If welink 16 buttons to the microcontroller,theneachbutton takes 1 GPIO pin. But with matrix keypad, we only need 8 pins. The keys at each of the rows are connected to a pin called ROW pin, namely, R1, R2, R3, and R4. Software Specifications A. Stack used in Backend Node.js Node.js is a backend JavaScript runtime environment which runs on the V8 engine. It is an open source; cross platform JavaScript runtime environment that executes JavaScript codeoutsidea web browser. Node.js representsa"JavaScript everywhere" paradigm and a development around a single programming language, rather than different languages for server side and client-side scripts.
- 3. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2742 Express.js Express.js, a backend web application frameworkforNode.js is used for creating servers. It is an open-source software under the MIT license, programmed for creating web applications and APIs. MongoDB MongoDB is used for creating and managing the database. It is a source available semi structured database program. It is developed by MongoDB Inc. and it is authorised under Server-Side Public License. B. Frontend React Native React Native is used for creating Apps. It is an open source and user interface software framework. It developed by the Facebook Inc. We can develop Apps for iOS, MacOS, Android, Android TV, Windows and UWP by using the React Framework along with the native platform capabilities. 4. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM Fig -2: Circuit Diagram Right side pins are of NodeMCU and the left ones are pins of the particular component. RFID scannerconnection:Reset/RST-D0,SDA-D5,MOSI-D23, MISO-D19, SCK-D18, 3.3V-3.3V, GND-GND Keypad connection: D1, D2, D3, D4, D6, D7, D8 LCD connection:I2C,SCL–D22,SDA-D21,VCC–5V,GND-GND 5. 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY In the next 10 years, 3D printing technology will revolutionize manufacturing processes worldwide. This technology helps in making the deviceslight weightandeasy to handle. Our whole ticketing system is fixed in 3D printed enclosure madeof PLA(Polylacticacid)filament.PLAisoften compared with ABS plastic but the later one has an upper hand in preference. PLA plastic is eco-friendly and requires less energy to process and makes it better to utilize. 6. RESULT The proposed system with ticketsbeinge-generatedandsent to passenger via SMS eludes the daily problems of printed tickets being of no use once the passenger reaches the destination, and it being eventually thrown away leading to pollution. Also, anadded featureof theproposedsystemisan app with a parental-guardian approach using which the commuter’s guardian can be alerted about his/her whereabouts using GPS tracking. Fig -3: Successfully purchased ticket using our system Fig -4: Hardware system enclosed in a 3D printed enclosure
- 4. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2743 Fig -5: Commuter’s location accessed by guardian Thus, we were able to design and implement a smart ticketing system that integrates all public transport systems together and allows for a singlemastercardandacentralized system for all transportation mediums, ensuring a seamless ticketing experience for commuters and also ensuring the safety and security of commuters. 7. CONCLUSION This paper provides solution for passengers as well as the transport system by making the ticketing system smart, ensuring a seamless ticketing experience.Thissystemworks on NodeMCU ESP32 that comes with an integrated Wi-Fi module that costs less compared to other microcontrollers thus reducing the overall cost of the entire system. The aim of this paper was to give a brief information about paperless ticketing system for public transport that integrates all the three major modes of transports. REFERENCES [1] Meet J Shah Dept. of information Technology St. Francis Institute of Technology Mumbai, India meetshah133@gmail.com, Rajesh P Prasad Dept. of Information Technology St. Francis Institute of Technology Mumbai, India, Aashutosh S Singh Dept. of Information Technology St. Francis Institute of Technology Mumbai, India. [2] Shreya Andhale, Nirmayee Dighe, Akanksha Kore,Darshana Gaikwad,Jayasudha Koti Dept. Electronics and Telecommunication Engg. St. Francis Institute of Technology, University of Mumbai Mumbai, India. [3] Telugu Maddileti,DepartmentofECM,SNIST,Telangana, India. R.K. Pongiannan, Dept. of EEE, SRMIST, Kancheepuram, Tamilnadu, India. V. Kranthi Sai Reddy, Department of ECM, SNIST, Telangana, India. V. Sai Jahnavi, Department of ECM, SNIST, Telangana, India. S. Prathima, Department of ECM, SNIST, Telangana, India. [4] Pavan Telluri, Sara deep Manam, Jayashree M Oli Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Bengaluru, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India. [5] Aman Kaushik1, Kumar Sanu2, Kajol Singh3, Aayush Raj4, Sumitra Kumari5 1Assistant Professor, AIT-CSE, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India 2,3,4,5Student, AIT-CSE, Chandigarh University,Mohali, Punjab, India [6] Bhumik Patel Department of Computer Engineering, University, Mumbai, Palghar, India., Parthvi Pandey Department of Computer Engineering, University, Mumbai, Palghar, India, Durvesh V. Sonar Department of Computer Engineering, University, Mumbai, Palghar, India, Tina D’abreo, Department of Computer Engineering, University, Mumbai. [7] Prafulla P S Dept. ECE BGSIT, Nagpur, Kalavathin S N Dept. ECE BGSIT, Nagpur, Hema K J, UG student Dept. ECE BGSIT, Nagpur. [8] Sunitha Nandhini.A 1, Sangeetha.G 2, VidhyaJanani .J 3 Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sri Krishna College of Technology, Coimbatore. [9] Karthika J, Varshanapriyaa S, SaiHaranS,SuriyaPrakash C Assistant Professor, Department of EEE, Sri Krishna College of Engineering & Technology,Coimbatore,Tamil Nadu UG Student, Department of EEE, Sri Krishna College of Engineering & Technology,Coimbatore,Tamil Nadu. [10] A Dr. V.Geetha, Assistant Professor in CSE Department, SCSVMV Deemed to be University. Dr. C.K.Gomathy, Assistant Professor in CSE Department, SCSVMV Deemed to be University Nirnipreetham, UG Scholar CSE Department, SCSVMV Deemed to be University Ponugotipavan kumar, UG Scholar CSE Department, SCSVMV Deemed to be University. [11] Varun Kaushik 7th semester, Electronics & Communication R.V College of Engineering Bengaluru, India, Suhas P 7th semester, Electronics & Communication R.V College of Engineering Bengaluru, India. [12] Dr. Vinit Kotak, “RFID-based bus ticketing system using android and GTFS”, International Journal of Advanced
- 5. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2744 Research in Computer and Communication Engineering (IJARCCE) Vol. 5, Issue 3, March 2016. [13] V. Apsara, “RFID based bus ticketing system for Public Transport System (PTS)”, International Journal of Industrial Electronics and Electrical Engineering (IJIEEE) Vol. 4, Issue 5, May 2016. [14] Mr. Mohammad Osman, “Enhancement of Public Transportation services usingwirelesstechnologieslike Zigbee, RFID, GSM and GPS”, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) Vol. 6, No. 7, December 2013.