Snow Lecture 41
- 1. The Rest of Chapter 41 Obesity Leptin Food Pyramid
- 2. E. Obesity Increasing numbers of Americans are obese Obesity-related conditions Type 2 diabetes Breast cancer Heart disease Colon cancer Hypertension Gout (temporary athritis due to uric acid) Gallstones Osteoarthritis
- 3. Body-Mass Index An indicator of obesity-related health index BMI = Weight (lbs) X 700 ----------------------------- Height (inches) 2 BMI greater than or equal to 27 indicates health risk…maybe
- 4. Maintaining Weight Caloric input must equal caloric use Calories burned depends upon Activity level Age Height and build
- 5. Fighting Fat Fat-storing cells are an adaptation for survival in lean times Once formed, fat cells are forever = MYTH Dieting decreases amount of fat in cells Dieting triggers metabolic slowdown Exercise enhances metabolic activity
- 6. F. Leptin Hormone that affects appetite and metabolic rate Product of the Ob gene Faulty Ob gene may contribute to some human obesity…rare Also used in treatment of lipodystrophy…improper storage Defective fat tissue, fat is deposited in isolated places…liver…face
- 7. Parabiosis: mutant mouse surgically attached to wild type mouse weight loss. Leptin “cures” obesity in leptin deficient mice and in overfed mice. Leptin treatment of human diseases: Congenital leptin deficiency (rare) Lipodystrophy (inability to deposit fat in fat tissue) Leptin action: Hypothalamus (brain) Major area of action-arcuate nucleus Activates pathways that signal satiety and promotes energy expenditure
- 8. G. Food Pyramid http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/nation/daily/graphics/diet_042005.html
- 9. What’s wrong with the pyramid? Harvard School of Public Health Pyramid is based on influence of lobbyists as much as dieticians and research Has not changed to reflect new research Cannot account for variation in disease susceptibility, culture, quality of food
- 11. Summary Anatomy of human digestive system Tasks of the entire digestive system Mechanical and chemical digestion in each region of the GI tract Rumination Obesity and the ob/ob mouse Food Pyramid