Encouraging Critical Thinking in the Classroom
The Socratic Method
Jeremy Wysakowski-Walters
The Cognitive Process
cog·ni·tive
adjective ˈkäg-nə-tiv: of, relating to, or involving conscious
mental activities (such as thinking, understanding, learning,
and remembering)
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cognitive
How do we learn?
What do students actually remember
from a lesson?
Which methods ensure learning is
long term?
Socratic Presentation_JWW
Ways to encourage
active learning
Using dialouge as
a diadactic tool
The Socratic Method
Socratic Presentation_JWW
Socratic Presentation_JWW
Applying The Socratic
Method to Reading
The Text
A text should be chosen which is closely connected to the
overall goals of the subject, unit, and the classroom.
The Question
The starting question to encourage the dialogue should be well-
planned, and resemble an authentic thought-provoking inquiry.
The Leader
The next chief constituent in Socratic instruction, is typically
the teacher, who not only guides the discourse, but also takes an
active part in it.
The Participants
The most important element is the participants which are
primarily the students but also include the teacher.
Socratic Presentation_JWW
A sample Text
Medicine 1 Ch 7
Question from the book
Different types
of questions
Closed Questions
Definition
There are two definitions that are used to describe closed
questions. A common definition is:
A closed question can be answered with either
a single word or a short phrase.
Thus 'How old are you?' and 'Where do you live?' are closed
questions. A more limiting definition that is sometimes used is:
A closed question can be answered with either 'yes' or 'no'.
Open Questions
Definition
An open question can be defined thus:
An open question is likely to receive a long answer.
Although any question can receive a long answer, open questions deliberately seek
longer answers, and are the opposite of closed questions.
Why and How
Open questions therefore often begin with ‘why’ and ‘how’
How to create dialouge
The Socratic Method is made of four key components:
• the text
• the question
• the leader
• the participants
Guided Discovery
Socratic Presentation_JWW
Bringing the
whiteboard alive
How student ideas reinforce learning
Bringing the
whiteboard alive
Student input during discussion goes on the board
Pictures are taken of board
Blog is updated using genuine lesson material
Socratic Presentation_JWW
Socratic Presentation_JWW
Mobile phones in the
classroom
Are they a good thing?
Mobile phones in the
classroom
In subsequent lessons, material reviews are done using mobile
phones
Student questions are answered in class and if relevant
immediately posted on the blog
Any absent students have instant access to material covered
Questions
?

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