software History
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The document discusses the history and development of computer software. It covers the different generations of software from the first generation where programs were entered manually using switches and dials, to modern programming languages. It also defines different types of software including system software, programming tools, and application software. Key topics covered include software architecture, quality, licensing, and the reasons why new programming languages and software are continually designed.
software History
- 1. HISTORY & DEVELOPMENT OF SOFTWARES
- 2. PRESENTATIONDATA COLLECTION, DATA WRITING, DATA ACTION & ROLE PLAYBY – SHAKTI.
- 3. DATA CO-ORDINATION, COORELATION, PROJECTORING, SCREENPLAY, ROLE PLAY & softWARE generationby- AVInash.PRESENTATION
- 4. PRESENTING, EDITING, ANALYSING, SPL EFFECTS, SUMMARISING &DIRECTION & ROLE PLAYBY- RAJAT GUPTA.PRESENTATION
- 5. INTRODUCTION
- 6. Computer software, or just software, is a collection of computer programs and related data that provide the instructions for telling a computer what to do and how to do it.
- 7. software is a set of :programs procedures algorithms & its documentation
- 8. Examples of computer software include:Application software- such as word processors or video games, and ERP software for groups of users. Middlewarecontrols and co-ordinates distributed systems.Programming languagesdefine the syntax and semantics of computer programs. example, many mature banking applications. System softwareincludes operating systems. Test wareis software for testing hardware or a software package.Device driverscontrol parts of computers such as disk drives, printers, CD drives, or computer monitors.Programming toolshelp conduct computing tasks in any category listed above.
- 10. historyThe first theory about software was proposed by Alan Turing in his 1935 essayComputable numbers with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem (Decision problem).The term "software" was first used in print by John W. Tukey in 1958. The term is often used to mean application software. In computer science and software engineering, software is all information processed by computer system, programs and data.The academic fields studying software are computer science and software engineering.
- 11. software was bundled with the hardware by Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) such as Data General, Digital Equipment and IBM. When a customer bought a minicomputer, (at that time the smallest computer on the market), the computer did not come with Pre-installed software, but needed to be installed by engineers employed by the OEM. Computer hardware companies not only bundled their software, they also placed demands on the location of the hardware in a refrigerated space called a computer room.
- 13. FIRST GENeRATIONDuring the 1950's the first computers were programmed by changing the wires and set tens of dials and switches. One for every bit sometimes these settings could be stored on paper tapes that looked like a ticker tape from the telegraphSECOND GENeRATIONthe first generation "languages" were regarded as very user unfriendly people set out to look for something else, faster and easier to understand.The result was the birth of the second generation languages (2GL) at the mid of the 1950'sTHIRD GENeRATIONAt the end of the 1950's the 'natural language' interpreters and compilers were made. But it took some time before the new languages were accepted by enterprises.
- 14. About the oldest 3GL is FORTRAN (Formula Translation) which was developed around 1953 by IBM. This is a language primarily intended for technical and scientific purposes. Standardization of FORTRAN started 10 years later, and a recommendation was finally published by the International Standardization Organization (ISO) in 1968. FOURTH GENeRATIONA 4GL is an aid witch the end user or programmer can use to build an application without using a third generation programming language. Therefore knowledge of a programming language is strictly spoken not needed.Practical computer systemsdivide software systemsinto three major classes: system software,programming software&application software
- 15. System software:System software provides the basic functions for computer usage and helps run the computerhardware and system.It includes a combination of the following:Device driversOperating systemsServersUtilitiesWindow systems
- 16. Programming softwareProgramming software usually provides tools to assist a programmer in writing computer programs, and software using different programming languages in a more convenient way. The tools include:CompilersDebuggersInterpretersLinkersText editors
- 17. Application softwareApplication software is developed to aid in any task that benefits from computation. It is a broad category, and encompasses software of many kinds, including the internet browser being used to display this page. This category includes:Business softwareComputer-aided designDatabasesDecision making softwareEducational softwareImage editingIndustrial automationMathematical softwareMedical softwareMolecular modeling softwareQuantum chemistry and solid state physics softwareSimulation softwareSpreadsheetsTelecommunications (i.e., the Internet and everything that flows on it)Video editing softwareVideo gamesWord processing
- 18. What is a programming language?A tool for instructing machines.
- 19. A notation for algorithms.
- 20. A means for communication among programmers.
- 21. A tool for experimentation.
- 22. A means for controlling computer-controlled gadgets.
- 23. A means for controlling computerized devices.
- 24. A way of expressing relationships among concepts.
- 25. A means for expressing high-level designs.Early programming languages1950s:1960s:1970s:SimulaLispAlgol60Algol68PascalFortranClassic CBCPLCOBOLPL\1
- 26. Modern programming languagesLispPythonSmalltalkPHPFortran77Java95Java04EiffelSimula67C89C++C++98C++0xC#Ada98AdaObject PascalJavascriptCOBOL04COBOL89Visual BasicPERL
- 27. Strategies or software topics:SOFTWARE ARCHIETECTURE (as opposed to embedded systems, analog computers & supercomputers).Software documentationso that the end user can understand the program.Software libraryinclude collections of functions and functionality.Software standardFor instance, an email sent from a Microsoft Outlook should be readable from Yahoo! Mail and vice versa.Execution (computing)Each instruction causes the computer to carry out an operation .Software qualitySoftware quality is very important, especially for commercial and system software like Microsoft Office, Microsoft Windows and Linux.Software licenseThe software's license gives the user the right to use the software in the licensed environment.Software patentand Software patent debatemay not be duplicated by others and considered intellectual property and copyright infringement depending on the severity.Design and implementation software development, computer programming, software engineering.
- 28. software's fundamentals”: Portability is good
- 29. Type safety is good
- 30. High performance is good
- 31. Anything that eases debugging is good
- 32. Access to system resources is good
- 33. Stability over decades is good
- 34. Ease of learning is good
- 35. Small is good
- 36. Whatever helps analysis is good
- 37. Having lots of facilities is goodWhy do we design languages & softwares?There are many diverse applications areas--
- 38. No one language can be the best for everything
- 39. Programmers have diverse backgrounds and skills--
- 40. No one language can be best for everybody
- 42. Over the years, computers are applied in new areas and to new problems
- 44. Over the decades, hardware characteristics and tradeoffs change
- 46. Over the decades, we learn better ways to design and implement languagesReferences^"Wordreference.com: WordNet 2.0". Princeton University, Princeton, NJ. Retrieved 2007-08-19.^ software..(n.d.). Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Retrieved 2007-04-13, from Dictionary.com website: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/software^Hally, Mike (2005:79). Electronic brains/Stories from the dawn of the computer age. British Broadcasting Corporation and Granta Books, London. ISBN 1-86207-663-4.^John Tukey, 85, Statistician; Coined the Word 'Software', New York Times, Obituaries, July 28, 2000 ^Tying Arrangements and the Computer Industry: Digidyne Corp. vs. Data General^"MSDN Library". Retrieved 2010-06-14.^ v. Engelhardt, Sebastian (2008): "The Economic Properties of Software", Jena Economic Research Papers, Volume 2 (2008), Number 2008-045. (in Adobe pdf format)^"Why Open Source Is The Optimum Economic Paradigm for Software" by Dan Kaminsky 1999
- 47. Thank you