Solar System By Arun

Lets Know More About Solar System AND STARS STARS AND SOLAR SYSTEM

Planets Stars Constellations Comets Satellites Introduction of our Group What do you want to know about? All of Above

FACTS ABOUT SUN Distance From Earth- 149,597,893km Diameter- 1,391,940km Mass- 99.98% of entire Solar System Elements- 75% hydrogen 25% helium with small quantities of gold Temperature- 5880 K, 56,000,000 K at the core Rotation- Once every 25.4 days, takes 36 days to complete one revolution Sun Back to Index

Sun is one among the 200 billion stars in our Milky Way galaxy. The Sun is one among the 6000 stars, which is visible to naked eye from the Earth. The mass of Sun is 2 trillion trillion trillion tons. The Sun's energy output is 386 billion billion megawatt. The surface area of Sun is equivalent to that of 11990 earths. The volume of Sun is equivalent to the volume of 1.3 million earths. If the Sun were the size of a beach ball then Jupiter would be the size of a golf ball and the Earth would be as small as a pea. The gravity at the surface of Sun is 28 times that of Earth. The age of Sun is 4.57 billion years. The expected life time of Sun is another 5 billion years or so. After 7.9 billion years from now, the Sun will become a White dwarf. The orbital radius of other planets, including the Venus and the Earth will be almost double that of today. The Sun will remain as a White dwarf indefinitely after 7.9 billion years. Sun Back to Index

FACTS ABOUT MERCURY Diameter- 4880 km Mass- 3,302,000,000,000 tonnes Distance from Sun- 57,909,175 km Temperature- +166.86°C Orbit- 87.969 days Rotation- 58.6462 days Moons- 0 Mercury Back to Index

The planet Mercury is the closest of the planets to the Sun. Because this planet lies so close to the Sun, and as a result somewhat near to Earth, it is visible to observers on Earth in the late evening or early morning sky. Because of this, Mercury has become a part of the mythology and legend of almost every culture throughout the history of the Earth.This planet is often called a morning star. This is because Mercury shines brightly in the early morning just before the sun rises. It has also been called an evening star for the same reason. Mercury is often visible for a brief period of time just after the Sun sets. Mercury Back to Index

FACTS ABOUT VENUS Diameter- 12,103.6 km Mass- 48,690,000,000,000 tonnes Distance from Sun- 108,208,930 km Temperature- +456.85°C Orbit- 224.701 days Rotation- 243.0187 days Moons- 0 Venus Back to Index

The planet Venus has long been one of the most misunderstood of all the inner planets. Like the Earth, Venus has an atmosphere. However, Venus' atmosphere is far thicker than that of the Earth, making it difficult for modern science to penetrate. Interestingly, scientists have recently been able to peek through the thick clouds and get a few glimpses of the surface. There are numerous volcanoes and many mountains that appear misshapen. There is much we still do not know about how this planet looks and what it is like. However, using special instruments and probes scientists have in recent years unlocked many of the secrets long hidden by this mysterious world. In the 1970s, the Soviet Union actually was able to land more than one probe on the surface of Venus. These scientific probes only lasted a few hours before they were destroyed by the intense heat of the planet. These probes were able to take several pictures and send them back to earth for scientists to study. Venus Back to Index

FACTS ABOUT EARTH Diameter- 12,756.3 km Mass- 59,720,000,000,000 tonnes Distance from Sun- 149,600,000 km Temperature- +15°C Orbit- 365.256 days Rotation- 0.99727 days Moons- 1 Earth Back to Index

The Earth is the biggest of all the terrestrial planets. A terrestrial planet is a dense planet found in the inner Solar System. The diameter of Earth is 7,926 miles. The circumference measured around the equator is 24,901 miles. There are currently almost 7 billion people living on the Earth. About 30% of the Earth's surface is covered with land, while about 70% is covered by oceans. Earth Back to Index

FACTS ABOUT MARS Diameter- 6,794 km Mass- 6,421,900,000,000 tonnes Distance from Sun- 227,940,000 km Temperature- -63°C Orbit- 686.98 days Rotation- 1.025957 days Moons- 2 Mars Back to Index

Mars excites scientists because its mild temperament is more like the Earth's than any of the other planets. Evidence suggests that Mars once had rivers, streams, lakes, and even an ocean. As Mars' atmosphere slowly depleted into outer space, the surface water began to permanently evaporate. Today the only water on Mars in either frozen in the polar caps or underground. You may sometimes hear Mars referred to as the "Red Planet." This is because the surface of Mars is red. If you stood on the surface of Mars, you would see red dirt and rocks everywhere. Mars Back to Index

FACTS ABOUT JUPITER Diameter- 142,984 km Mass- 18,986,000,000,000,000 tonnes Distance from Sun- 778,412,010 km Temperature- +14.85°C to 19.85°C Orbit- 11 yrs 314 days Rotation- 9 hrs 50 mins Moons- 63 Jupiter Back to Index

Jupiter is by far the largest planet in our Solar System. The Earth could fit inside Jupiter more than 1000 times.Jupiter is a very stormy planet. There are storms found throughout the atmosphere, and most of the storms seem to never end. The many different cloud formations and storms in the atmosphere also make Jupiter a very colorful planet. Jupiter's great red spot, visible in the picture above to the right, is where a giant storm has been raging for at least 300 years. This red spot is also called The Eye of Jupiter because of its shape. This storm's super hurricane winds blow across an area larger than the Earth. Jupiter is considered a gas giant because it does not have a solid surface. Under its atmosphere is a large liquid ocean of hydrogen and water. What lies in between that ocean and the atmosphere? Actually, there is no in between. The atmosphere slowly gets thicker and thicker until it becomes part of the ocean. In other words, Jupiter's ocean has no surface on which you could float a boat. The sky becomes the ocean. Jupiter Back to Index

FACTS ABOUT SATURN Diameter- 120,536 km Mass- 5,684,600,000,000,000 tonnes Distance from Sun- 1,426,725,400 km Temperature- -139.5°C Orbit- 29 yrs 168 days Rotation- 10 hrs 34 mins Moons- 34 Saturn Back to Index

FACTS ABOUT SATURN In many ways, Saturn is similar to Jupiter, but it is much smaller. It is the second largest planet in our Solar System and it is a gas giant like Jupiter. Under the clouds of methane, hydrogen and helium, the sky gradually turns into liquid until it becomes a giant ocean of liquid chemicals.Saturn is the least dense planet in our Solar System. It is made up of mostly hydrogen and helium, which are the two lightest elements in the universe and thus make Saturn the lightest planet that we know of. This is why you wouldn't weigh as much on Saturn as you think you would because of its size. And because Saturn is so light, it does not have as much gravity. Interestingly, it is believed Saturn would actually be able to float in water because the hydrogen and helium that make up the planet are so lightweight. Because Saturn is such a lightweight planet and it spins so fast, Saturn is not perfectly round like most of the other planets. Like Jupiter, Saturn is wider in the middle and more narrow near its top and bottom. Saturn Back to Index

FACTS ABOUT URANUS Diameter- 51,118 km Mass- 868,320,000,000,000 tonnes Distance from Sun- 2,870,972,200 km Temperature- -197.15°C Orbit- 84 yrs 4 days Rotation- 17 hrs 17 mins Moons- 27 Uranus Back to Index

FACTS ABOUT URANUS Like Jupiter and Saturn, Uranus is a gas giant. But Uranus is a little different. Unlike all the other planets and most of the moons in our Solar System, Uranus spins on its side. It is believed that long ago a very large object smashed into this planet. The crash was so powerful that it completely changed the direction of Uranus' planetary rotation. However, a more recent theory is that the extreme tilt of Uranus' axis may have been caused by a large moon that was slowly pulled away from the planet by another large planet long ago when our Solar System was still new. It is thought that the gravitational pull of this moon moving away from Uranus may have caused it to tilt on its side.Like Saturn, the thick atmosphere of Uranus is made up of methane, hydrogen and helium. But Uranus is an extremely cold planet. It has been called the ice giant. It is believed that Uranus is made up of rock and ice and has a large rocky core. Because of the tremendous planetary pressure of Uranus, there could possibly be trillions of large diamonds in or on the surface of this planet. Uranus Back to Index

FACTS ABOUT NEPTUNE Diameter- 49,522 km Mass- 1,024,700,000,000,000 tonnes Distance from Sun- 4,498,252,900 km Temperature- -200.15°C Orbit- 164 yrs 298 days Rotation- 16 hrs 7 mins Moons- 13 Neptune Back to Index

FACTS ABOUT NEPTUNE It was discovered by Johann Galle and Heinrich D'Arrest in 1846.Neptune is the smallest of the four gas giants in our Solar System. Much like Saturn and Uranus, Neptune's atmosphere contains hydrogen, helium and methane. Not much was known about Neptune until it was visited by the spacecraft Voyager 2 on August 25, 1989. These pictures show a brilliant blue planet with a few thin white clouds laced around its surface. In Neptune's atmosphere, there is a large white cloud that moves around rather quickly. The scooting of this cloud around the atmosphere has led it to be named Scooter. When Voyager 2 visited Neptune, its pictures showed a giant storm much like the storm on Jupiter. This storm is called the Great Dark Spot because it appears as a dark oval shape on the surface of the planet. Neptune is a very windy place. No other planet in the Solar System has winds that are as strong as Neptune's. The winds near the Great Dark Spot were believed to have reached nearly 1,200 miles per hour (approx 1931 km per hour). Neptune Back to Index

Definition : A self-luminous celestial body consisting of a mass of gas held together by its own gravity in which the energy generated by nuclear reactions in the interior is balanced by the outflow of energy to the surface, and the inward-directed gravitational forces are balanced by the outward-directed gas and radiation pressures. Star Back to Index

Definition: Groups of star form patterns in night sky which are called constellation . There are 88 known constellations. Some of them are – Hydra Crux Austrailis Draco Leo Major Great Bear Orion Constellations Back to Index

Definition: A celestial body moving about the sun, usually in a highly eccentric orbit, consisting of a central mass surrounded by an envelope of dust and gas that may form a tail that streams away from the sun . Some of the comets are – Halley’s Comet Encke’s Comet Ashbrook-Jackson Comet Hill 10 Comet Metcalf-Brewington 1 Comet Comets Back to Index

Definition: A natural body that revolves around a planet is known as Satellite . Some of them are- Moon (Earth) Triton (Neptune) Titan (Saturn) Phobos (Mars) Lo (Jupiter) Ariel (Uranus) Satellite Back to Index

Group Members Name Roll Number Kunal 8 Lakshya 21 Gurkirat 35 Aman 36 Khushal Bahri 37 Arun Chaudhary 42 Anoop Thakur 54 Back to Index

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Solar System By Arun

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