Sound Engineering 101
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The document provides an overview of sound engineering fundamentals, including the definition of sound, the role of transducers, and key equipment such as microphones, mixers, amplifiers, and speakers. It also covers signal paths, types of connections, and important technical skills required for sound engineers. Additionally, it highlights career opportunities in various sectors like media houses and churches, along with practical tips for equipment management.
Sound Engineering 101
- 1. Sound Engineering 101 Adegoke Obasa CASOR OAU Organising Subgroup Retreat 2017
- 2. About Me Software and DevOps Engineer Front of House (FOH) Engineer HCC Metro Church Graduated ‘14 set in ‘15 Chrisimos Generation FYB Chairman FOH Engineer UJCM Organising Organising Secretary CASOR OAU x2 Assistant Organising Secretary - CASOR OAU CASOR OAU Organising Subgroup Retreat 2017
- 3. What is Sound? Sound is simply an airborne version of vibration. Sound is a pressure wave which is created by a vibrating object. CASOR OAU Organising Subgroup Retreat 2017
- 4. Transducers A transducer is a sensor that changes energy from one form to another. More technically a transducer converts a physical parameter into another form. Input (a microphone) Output (a speaker) CASOR OAU Organising Subgroup Retreat 2017
- 5. Signal Path Image Credit: http://www.yamahaproaudio.com/global/en/training_support/selftraining/pa_guide_beginner/ CASOR OAU Organising Subgroup Retreat 2017
- 6. Microphones A microphone is an example of a transducer, a device that changes information from one form to another. Sound information exists as patterns of air pressure; the microphone changes this information into patterns of electric current. CASOR OAU Organising Subgroup Retreat 2017
- 7. Mixers Mixers are items of equipment that arrange multiple input audio signals in a suitable balance, and they adjust tone quality so that the output audio is easy for the audience to listen to. Types Analog Digital Powered Mixer L - R: Analog, Digital and Powered Mixers CASOR OAU Organising Subgroup Retreat 2017
- 8. Amplifiers Power amplifiers are devices that amplify electrical signals that have been adjusted to an appropriate volume and tone sent from the mixer, to a level that can be converted to acoustic sounds by the speakers. CASOR OAU Organising Subgroup Retreat 2017
- 9. Types of Amplifiers Stand Alone Powered Mixer Powered Speakers CASOR OAU Organising Subgroup Retreat 2017
- 10. Speakers Speakers are devices that convert electrical signals amplified by the amplifier, into vibrations of air that can be heard by humans as sound. CASOR OAU Organising Subgroup Retreat 2017
- 11. Speaker types by amplification Active (Powered) - Has internal amplification Passive - Need a separate power amplifier Passive Speakers Active Speakers CASOR OAU Organising Subgroup Retreat 2017
- 12. Speaker types by use Main Speakers Subwoofers Monitor Speakers Monitor Main Speaker Subwoofers CASOR OAU Organising Subgroup Retreat 2017
- 13. Cables Electrical signals can be sent to different devices within the PA system when using these connectors, as either unbalanced or balanced signals. Balanced - Good at eliminating noise Unbalanced - Prone to noise interference CASOR OAU Organising Subgroup Retreat 2017
- 14. Connectors The ¼” (Quarter Inch) Jack Connector The ¼” Balanced Jack (Or Stereo Jack) Connector The Stereo Minijack Connector RCA Connector The XLR Connector Speakon RCA Jacks Speakon CASOR OAU Organising Subgroup Retreat 2017
- 15. Other Important Equipment Processors Compressors Loudspeaker Management Equalizers Sound Effects Crossovers DI Boxes CASOR OAU Organising Subgroup Retreat 2017
- 16. General Tips Soft Skills Patience Communication Power Maintenance Tools Prayer Trust in GOD CASOR OAU Organising Subgroup Retreat 2017
- 17. Scope and Career Opportunities Media Houses Churches Media Agencies Lots of events, so there will always be need for Sound Engineers CASOR OAU Organising Subgroup Retreat 2017
- 18. Hands On Session Starting up Order of switching on equipment Cabling Ensuring no breakages Proper connections Mixing Gain Structure Listening Ear CASOR OAU Organising Subgroup Retreat 2017
- 19. References http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~gpenn/csc401/soundASR.pdf Book - Audio Engineering - Know It All http://artsites.ucsc.edu/ems/music/tech_background/te-20/teces_20.html http://www.yamahaproaudio.com/global/en/training_support/selftraining/pa_guid e_beginner CASOR OAU Organising Subgroup Retreat 2017
- 20. Q&A What are Transducers? What are the different types of transducers? Mention 5 equipment used in Sound Engineering. What are the two major section a mixer has? What are the various ways to classify speakers? What kinds of speakers do we have? What kind of mixers do we have? What do you understand by the signal path. CASOR OAU Organising Subgroup Retreat 2017
Editor's Notes
- #4: Image Credit - https://www.sweetwater.com/insync/pa-speaker-buying-guide/
- #7: The recording engineer is interested in the accuracy of this transformation, a concept he thinks of as fidelity. Types or microphones - Dynamic, Cardoid, Condenser, Super Cardoid
- #11: (1) Passive speakers Speakers that only feature basic speaker functionality can be called "passive" speakers. These speakers require a separate power amplifier in order to produce sound. (2) Powered speakers Speakers that contain an internal power amplifier can also be called "active speakers". Since these speakers contain a built-in power amplifier, they can be directly connected to a mixer, which reduces the number of cables required. (Though of course an electricity power cable needs to be connected to each powered speaker).
- #12: (1) Passive speakers Speakers that only feature basic speaker functionality can be called "passive" speakers. These speakers require a separate power amplifier in order to produce sound. (2) Powered speakers Speakers that contain an internal power amplifier can also be called "active speakers". Since these speakers contain a built-in power amplifier, they can be directly connected to a mixer, which reduces the number of cables required. (Though of course an electricity power cable needs to be connected to each powered speaker).
- #13: (1) Main speakers These are the speakers that deliver most of the sound to the audience or listeners. Decide on the size and number of speakers according to the size of the venue, as well as by the amplifier output power (in the case of passive speakers). (2) Subwoofers These speakers are designed specifically for low frequency sound playback, and are used together with the main speakers to boost the low-end sound range. (3) Monitor speakers These speakers are used by the performers to monitor the sound. Monitor speakers are positioned in various ways depending on their shape, such as on the floor or on a stand.
- #14: http://www.yamahaproaudio.com/global/en/training_support/selftraining/pa_guide_beginner/cable/
- #15: http://www.dawsons.co.uk/blog/a-guide-to-types-of-cable-connector http://www.yamahaproaudio.com/global/en/training_support/selftraining/pa_guide_beginner/cable/ Jacks Minijacks XLR - Cannon RCA - Radio Coperation of America
- #17: Sound Engineering is very strenous, and it comes with lots of pressure.