Sped 4 Learning Disability Definition and Types
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This document discusses learning disabilities. It defines a learning disability as a classification that causes difficulties in learning in a typical manner, often due to unknown factors that affect the brain's ability to process information. Learning disabilities can make it challenging for individuals to learn as quickly or in the same way as others. The document outlines several types of learning disabilities, including dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, and nonverbal learning disabilities. It also discusses how learning disabilities are diagnosed through testing of cognitive abilities, academic performance, and classroom observations.
Sped 4 Learning Disability Definition and Types
- 2. Learning Disability Sometimes called a learning difference, learning disorder, or learning difficulty
- 3. Learning Disability Is a classification including several disorders in which a person has difficulty learning in a typical manner, usually caused by an unknown factor or factors. The unknown factor is the disorder that affects the brain's ability to receive and process information.
- 4. Learning Disability This disorder can make it problematic for a person to learn as quickly or in the same way as someone who is not affected by a learning disability. People with a learning disability have trouble performing specific types of skills or completing tasks if left to figure things out by themselves or if taught in conventional ways.
- 5. Learning Disability Some forms of learning disability are incurable. Can face unique challenges that are often pervasive throughout the lifespan.
- 7. Reading Disorder Writin Math g Disabilities Disorder Disorders Nonverbal of Learning speaking Disability and listening
- 8. Reading Disorder Most common learning disability Developmental Dyslexia is often used as a synonym for reading disability
- 9. Reading Disorder A reading disability can affect any part of the reading process, including difficulty with accurate or fluent word recognition, or both, word decoding, reading rate, prosody (oral reading with expression), and reading comprehension “Dyslexia” – this learning disability used to be known as “word blindness”
- 10. Writing Disorder Speech and language disorders can also be called Dysphasia/Aphasia Impaired written language ability may include impairments in handwriting, spelling, organization of ideas, and composition. “Dysgraphia" term for all disorders of written expression.
- 11. Math Disability Dyscalculia, a math disability can cause such difficulties as learning math concepts (such as quantity, place value, and time), Difficulty memorizing math facts
- 12. Math Disability difficultyorganizing numbers, and understanding how problems are organized on the page. Dyscalculics are often referred to as having poor "number sense".
- 13. Nonverbal Learning Disability manifest in motor clumsiness, poor visual-spatial skills, problematic social relationships, difficulty with math, and poor organizational skills. These individuals often have specific strengths in the verbal domains, including early speech, large vocabulary, early reading and spelling skills, excellent rote-memory and auditory retention, and eloquent self- expression.
- 14. Disorders of speaking and listening Difficulties that often co- occur with learning disabilities include difficulty with memory, social skills and executive functions (such as organizational skills and time management).
- 15. DIAGNOSIS
- 16. Diagnosis often identified by school psychologists, clinical psychologists, and neuropsycholog ists through a combination of intelligence testing, academic achievement testing, classroom performance, and social interaction and aptitude.
- 17. Diagnosis Other areas of assessment may include perception, cognition, memory, attention, and language abilities. The resulting information is used to determine whether a child's academic performance is commensurate with his or her
- 18. Diagnosis If a child's cognitive ability is much higher than his or her academic performance, the student is often diagnosed with a learning disability. The DSM-IV and many school systems and government programs diagnose learning disabilities in this way (DSM-IV uses the term "disorder" rather than "disability".)
- 19. Diagnosis Recent research has provided little evidence that a discrepancy between formally measured IQ and achievement is a clear indicator of LD.