Sql
- 1. SQL – Structured Query Language By Pratik Rathod
- 2. DATABASE • Organized collection of data • DBMS – Data Base Management System • Ex. Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, IBM DB2 • 2 types of DBMS – Flat-file database – Relational database
- 3. SQL • Structured Query Language -> RDBMS • A little History – Developed by Donald D. Chamberlin & Raymond F. Boyce at IBM in 1970 – Initially it was named as SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language) • Queries – most commonly used operation & can be done by SELECT • SQL is not case sensitive.
- 4. SQL for… • Execute queries against database • Retrieve data from database • Insert, Update, Delete records in database • Create new tables in database • Set permissions on tables • “Persons” table in database ID Firstname Lastname Address City 1Pratik Rathod memnagar Ahmedabad 2Pranav Agarwal Paldi Ahmedabad 3Karan Koria Girnar Junagadh
- 5. SQL Statements • Not case sensitive • Semi columns • SQL - DML – Data manipulation language SQL - DDL - Data definition language DML DDL CREATE SELECT DATABASE UPDATE ALTER DATABASE DELETE CREATE TABLE INSERT INTO ALTER TABLE DROP TBALE CREATE INDEX DROP INDEX
- 6. SQL Syntax & Statements • SELECT Syntax : SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name Examples: 1) SELECT LastName,FirstName FROM Persons 2) SELECT * FROM Persons (* is a quick way to select all the columns) Where our selected columns stored????... ID Firstname Lastname Address City 1Pratik Rathod memnagar Ahmedabad 2Pranav Agarwal Paldi Ahmedabad 3Karan Koria Girnar Junagadh
- 7. SQL Syntax & Statements • SELECT DISTINCT • Where (clause) Syntax : Syntax : SELECT DISTINCT column_name(s) SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name FROM table_name WHERE column_name operator value Example: Example: SELECT DISTINCT City FROM Persons SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE City=‘Ahmedabad‘ City Ahmedabad ID Firstname Lastname Address City Junagadh 1Pratik Rathod memnagar Ahmedabad 2Pranav Agarwal Paldi Ahmedabad
- 8. SQL Syntax & Statements • Operators in WHERE • CREATE TABLE = Equals Syntax : <> or != Not equal CREATE TABLE table_name > Greater than ( < Less than column_name1 data_type, column_name2 data_type, >= Greater than or equal column_name3 data_type, <= Less than or equal .... ) Example: CREATE TABLE Persons ( Id int, LastName varchar(255), FirstName varchar(255), Address varchar(255), City varchar(255) )
- 9. SQL Syntax & Statements • AND (Operator) • AND & OR together Ex. Ex. SELECT * FROM Persons SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE WHERE FirstName=‘Pranav‘ AND LastName=‘Agarwal' LastName=‘Agarwal‘ AND (FirstName=‘Pranav' OR FirstName=‘Pratik') • OR (Operator) Ex. SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName=‘Pranav' OR FirstName=‘Pratik'
- 10. SQL Syntax & Statements • ORDER BY (Clause) • INSERT INTO Syntax : SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name – To insert a new row ORDER BY column_name(s) ASC|DESC Syntax : INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3,...) Ex. VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...) 1) SELECT * FROM Persons Ex. ORDER BY LastName 1) INSERT INTO Persons 2) SELECT * FROM Persons VALUES ORDER BY LastName DESC (4,‘Naman', ‘Shah', ‘gandhinagar', ‘g andhinagar') 2) INSERT INTO Persons (P_Id, LastName, FirstName) VALUES (5, ‘Amin', ‘Jay')
- 11. SQL Syntax & Statements • UPDATE • DELETE Syntax : UPDATE table_name Syntax : DELETE FROM table_name SET column1=value, column2=value2,... WHERE some_column=some_value Example: Ex. 1) DELETE * FROM Persons 2) DELETE FROM Persons UPDATE Persons WHERE Lastname = ‘Rathod’ SET Address=‘Sector21',City=‘Gandhinagar' WHERE LastName=‘Shah' AND FirstName=‘Naman’ CAUTION: DELETE cannot be undo.
- 12. SQL elements
- 13. Where to write this things??... • Install java platform with JDBC API • Install a driver • Install DBMS (if u don’t have any) • Set up Database • Load drivers (In java program) • Make connection (In java program) • Write SQL statements in your program. – E.g. Statement stmt = con.createStatement(); ( stmt.executeUpdate "INSERT INTO COFFEES " + "VALUES ('Colombian', 101, 7.99, 0, 0)");
- 14. Thank you