Alfonso De Gregorio - Vulnerabilities and Their Surrounding Ethical Questions - A Code of Ethics for the Private Sector
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The document discusses ethical challenges surrounding vulnerabilities in technology, emphasizing the need for a code of ethics in the private sector. It outlines principles and standards for responsibly managing vulnerabilities, such as respecting human rights, avoiding conflicts of interest, and ensuring confidentiality. The discussion also addresses the implications of government involvement and the ethical obligations of researchers when handling discovered vulnerabilities.
![HOW DO THE ATTEMPTS TO STRIKE A BALANCE
BETWEEN SCIENTIFIC OPENNESS AND NATIONAL
SECURITY [β¦] REDEFINE SCIENCE-SECURITY
RELATIONS?](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/vseq-hackit2016publishable-161011104835/85/Alfonso-De-Gregorio-Vulnerabilities-and-Their-Surrounding-Ethical-Questions-A-Code-of-Ethics-for-the-Private-Sector-92-320.jpg)
Alfonso De Gregorio - Vulnerabilities and Their Surrounding Ethical Questions - A Code of Ethics for the Private Sector
- 1. VULNERABILITIES AND THEIR SURROUNDING ETHICAL QUESTIONS: A CODE OF ETHICS FOR THE PRIVATE SECTOR HackIT 2016, October 7th, Kharkiv, Ukraine Alfonso De Gregorio, Zeronomicon
- 3. Agenda 1. The Vulnerability Supply Chain 2. The Surrounding Ethical Questions 3. Code of Ethics: Principles and Standards 4. Concluding Remarks and Debate
- 13. VULNERABILITIES ARE LIKE POLLUTANTS
- 14. INCENTIVES ITβS WHY WE DO THINGS
- 50. β David Rice βpatching allows software manufacturers to optimize market and legal protections by "re-negotiating" contract terms buyers could not negotiate in the first placeβ
- 72. THE MORAL LOW GROUND? WHO HOLDS
- 73. THAT EXPLOIT US THE MOST? WHO ARE THE ONES
- 74. IF OUR GOVERNMENTS INTRODUCE TRADE CONTROLS TO ADMINISTER THE EXPORT OF INTRUSION SOFTWARE, SHOULD WE DEMAND SOFTWARE MANUFACTURERS TO INTERNALISE THE COST OF THE INSECURE SOFTWARE THAT WE IMPORT INTO OUR LIVES, FOR REASONS OF SYMMETRY?
- 75. SHOULD WE MAKE THEM LIABLE FOR THE DEFECTS AND FLAWS THAT ALLOW THE INTRUSION IN THE FIRST PLACE?
- 76. WITH INCOMPLETE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE REAL- WORLD SECURITY OF SYSTEMS WE ENTRUST OUR BUSINESS, IS IT ETHICAL TO REFRAIN US FROM HUNTING VULNERABILITIES OR PREVENT OTHERS FROM DOING LIKEWISE?
- 77. AND, WHAT SHOULD DO A SECURITY RESEARCHER WITH THE VULNERABILITIES WHEN THEY GET FOUND?
- 78. IS FULL DISCLOSURE AN ACCEPTABLE COURSE OF ACTION?
- 79. DOES FULL DISCLOSURE BECOMES MORE ACCEPTABLE IF THE AFFECTED VENDOR IGNORES THE VULNERABILITIES THAT WERE REPORTED RESPONSIBLY OR FAILS TO PROVIDE A TIMELY PATCH?
- 80. DOES COORDINATED VULNERABILITY DISCLOSURE PROVIDE A MORE ETHICALLY SOUND PATH TO BE TAKEN?
- 81. DOES THE SAME PATH REMAINS MORALLY PREFERABLE IF ONE OF THE PARTIES, WHO RECEIVES THE VULNERABILITY INFORMATION FROM THE COORDINATOR PRIOR TO ITS PUBLIC DISCLOSURE, DECIDES TO USE IT TO EXPLOIT VULNERABLE ENTITIES?
- 82. ARE BUG BOUNTY PROGRAMS EXPLOITING BOUNTY HUNTERS?
- 83. A Data Point Target: Microsoft Outlook on the web (OWA) Exploit: Remote Code Execution Price: $200,000 USD Expires on: November 30th, 2016β¨ https://www.zeronomi.com/campaigns.html
- 84. SHOULD BUG HUNTERS PRETEND TO GET PAID IF THE OTHER PARTY HAS NOT ASKED THEM TO DO THEIR WORK?
- 85. WHAT GOVERNMENT SECURITY AGENCIES SHOULD DO WITH VULNERABILITIES?
- 86. SHOULD THEY EXPLOIT THEM OR SHOULD THEY LET EVERYBODY ELSE MITIGATE THEM, IN THE WAY THEY ALREADY DO?
- 87. SHOULD THEY TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THOSE VULNERABILITIES TO BENEFIT A LIMITED NUMBER OF STAKEHOLDERS, OR SHOULD THEY DISCLOSE THEM TO ALL AFFECTED CONSTITUENTS?
- 88. HAS THE POWER INEQUITY IN THE VULNERABILITY EQUATION TO BE BALANCED?
- 89. WITH ENTITIES AFFECTED BY VULNERABILITIES SPREAD ALL AROUND THE WORLD, HOW TO INFORM THE PUBLIC?
- 90. WITH VENDORS THREATENING LEGAL ACTION AND SUPPORTED BY THEIR SIGNIFICANT FINANCIAL RESOURCES, HOW TO PROTECT THE SECURITY RESEARCHERS?
- 91. WITH OUR SOCIETY GROWING MORE DATA INTENSIVE, HOW TO OVERSEE NOT ONLY MATERIAL AND TECHNOLOGY BUT ALSO KNOWLEDGE?
- 92. HOW DO THE ATTEMPTS TO STRIKE A BALANCE BETWEEN SCIENTIFIC OPENNESS AND NATIONAL SECURITY [β¦] REDEFINE SCIENCE-SECURITY RELATIONS?
- 93. HOW DOES SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE BECOME SUBJECT TO SECURITY GOVERNANCE?
- 94. HOW DOES THIS DYNAMIC AFFECT THE LINKS AMONG SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE, SECURITY EXPERTISE AND POLITICAL DECISION?
- 95. CAN WE REGARD HACKING TO BE AN ETHICAL PRACTICE AND CONDEMN, AT THE SAME TIME, THE TRADE OF CAPABILITIES ENABLING THIS PRACTICE AS IMMORAL?
- 96. WHAT TO DO?
- 97. THE NON-ZERO SOCIETAL RISKS
- 98. NOT IPSO FACTO GOOD OR BAD
- 99. NOT IPSO FACTO GOOD OR BAD
- 102. Depending from which side of the playing ο¬eld we look at things, the use of the same capability might be considered diο¬erently if it goes towards the creation or the detriment of
- 115. CODE OF ETHICS
- 117. THE PRINCIPLES ARE ASPIRATIONAL GOALS AIMED AT GUIDING AND INSPIRING THE CONDUCT OF BUSINESS
- 118. THE ETHICAL STANDARDS ARE ENFORCEABLE RULES FOR THE DAY-TO-DAY BUSINESS OPERATIONS.
- 119. PRINCIPLE A: β¨ CLEAN HANDS R e s p e c t a l l h u m a n r i g h t s proclaimed by international human rights treaties, including The International Bill of Human Rights, and strive to ensure no complicity in any human rights abuses.
- 120. STANDARD 1: VETTING AND MONITORING OF CUSTOMERS Do not engage in any business with entities known for abusing human rights and reserves the right to s u s p e n d o r c e a s e b u s i n e s s operations with entities found to be involved at a later time in human rights abuses.
- 121. PRINCIPLE B: β¨ DO NOT POSE A DANGER TO HUMAN HEALTH Champion the health of human beings and commit to do not enable your Customer entities with capabilities that may pose a direct danger to human health.
- 122. STANDARD 2: β¨ INADMISSIBLE CAPABILITIES Do not engage in any trade of capabilities that exploit vulnerabilities in medical devices or in systems to which human life is entrusted, unless the Vendor of the affected device or system is the Acquiring Entity or the Acquiring Entity was authorised by the Vendor to be the recipient of the vulnerability disclosure process, vulnerability information, or risk mitigation strategy.
- 123. STANDARD 3: β¨ TRADE SECRETS You will never trade in stolen trade secrets, and require your suppliers to certify that they have independently found the vulnerability and autonomously developed any related technology, and that they are not employees of the targeted software manufacturer, nor have they received access to the confidential information through a disclosure by the same.
- 125. PRINCIPLE C: β¨ AVOID CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Strive to benefit those with whom you do business and take care to avoid possible conflicts of interest that could cause your Company, its Employees, or Contractors to pursue goals not in the interest of the Company business peers.
- 126. STANDARD 4: β¨ OVEREXPLOITATION You will protect the value of the traded capabilities. You will specify the maximum number of entities to which the same capabilities may be sold, within a given time-frame (unless in case the capabilities are intended for risk prevention).β¨ β¨ Furthermore, you shall strive not to sell a vulnerability to one party, and the technology to defend against that vulnerability to another party which is a likely target of the first.β¨
- 127. STANDARD 5: β¨ UNINTENDED USE Prohibit yourself, employees and contractors to use the information or the capabilities, traded in the fulfilment of the service, for the pursuit of personal goals. Authorised personnel shall use such capabilities only to test and validate them, and more generally only for research and development purposes.β¨
- 128. PRINCIPLE D: β¨ OBEY THE LAW Comply with all applicable legal requirements and understands the major laws and regulations that apply to your business, including laws related to: trade controls, anti- bribery, competition, trade secret, money laundering and insider trading.
- 129. STANDARD 6: β¨ EXPORTING Comply with trade laws controlling where the you can send products and services, strive to meet the criteria required to hold export licenses, where applicable, and stay alert to changes to the applicable export licensing systems.
- 130. PRINCIPLE E: β¨ PRESERVE CONFIDENTIALITY Protect the confidentiality of the identity of entities you do business with and the the confidentiality of the information and intellectual properties received from, or provided to, your business peers in the fulfilment of your Service. At the same time, recognize that the extent and limits of confidentiality may be regulated by applicable laws and regulations.
- 131. STANDARD 7: β¨ MAINTAINING CONFIDENTIALITY At the extent and limits regulated by applicable laws and regulations, preserve the confidentiality of the identity of entities you do business with. Restrict access to the information and the intellectual property received from or provided to your business partners on a need-to-know basis, enforcing a principle of least privilege
- 132. PRINCIPLE F: DOCTRINE OF DOUBLE EFFECT AND DUAL USE Acknowledge that the capabilities you provide may be used within goods that, just like any and all information security tools, are inherently dual purpose and potentially dual use, and therefore may serve also military purposes, police investigations and the like; the military use of the traded capabilities may have a double effect: the intended effect and the foreseen but genuinely unintended consequence. While discouraging against harmful side effects, you acknowledge the inherent duality of the effects resulting from the use of those capabilities and you trade them, unless they are in conflict with other principles set forth in the present Ethics Code.
- 133. STANDARD 8: DUALITY Acknowledge that the capabilities you provide can be used within goods that are inherently dual purpose and accept to supply them, as long as it is foreseeable that those capabilities will be used only for legitimate purposes in line with international standards for the respect of human rights, and unless their trade is in conflict with principles set out in the present Ethics Code.
- 136. β Ayn Rand βEvery aspect of Western culture needs a new code of ethics β a rational ethics β as a precondition of rebirth.β
- 137. Every aspect of the vulnerabilities supply chain needs a new code of ethics β a rational ethics β as a precondition of rebirth.
- 139. β Earl Warren βIn a civilised life, law floats in a sea of ethics.β
- 140. β Steven Aftergood βExpanding the scope of ethical deliberation over new technology may seem like a daunting prospect bound to impede innovation.β
- 141. THANK YOU!
- 142. ANY QUESTIONS?