Entrepreneurs,	
  
Startups	
  and	
  
Economic	
  
Growth	
  
Far	
  be7er	
  is	
  it	
  to	
  dare	
  mighty	
  things,	
  to	
  win	
  glorious	
  
triumphs,	
  even	
  though	
  checked	
  by	
  failure	
  .	
  .	
  .than	
  to	
  rank	
  
with	
  those	
  poor	
  spirits	
  who	
  neither	
  enjoy	
  much	
  or	
  suffer	
  
much,	
  because	
  they	
  live	
  in	
  a	
  gray	
  twilight	
  that	
  knows	
  not	
  
victory	
  nor	
  defeat.	
  
	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   	
  Theodore	
  Roosevelt	
  
G.	
  Duchak	
  
February	
  2013	
  
Principal	
  Reference	
  
Brad	
  Feld	
  has	
  been	
  a	
  driving	
  force	
  in	
  building	
  entrepreneurial	
  cultures,	
  
including	
  in	
  his	
  own	
  city	
  of	
  Boulder,	
  CO,	
  since	
  the	
  late	
  1980s.	
  He	
  
currently	
  serves	
  as	
  a	
  managing	
  director	
  at	
  Foundry	
  Group,	
  a	
  venture-­‐
capital	
  firm	
  that	
  funds	
  early-­‐stage	
  technology	
  companies.	
  
Start-­‐Up	
  Communi3es:	
  
Building	
  an	
  Entrepreneurial	
  
Ecosystem	
  in	
  Your	
  City	
  
Brad	
  Feld	
  
Start-­‐Up	
  Community:	
  
“An	
  evolving	
  Organism”	
  
Investors	
  
Mentors	
  
Government	
  
Services	
  
Universi3es	
  
Large	
  
Companies	
  
THE	
  
ENTREPRENEUR	
  Lawyers	
  
Accountants	
  
Recruiters	
  
MarkeXng	
  
consultants	
  
Contract	
  
CFOs	
  
Professors	
  
Students	
  
Fresh	
  ideas/	
  labor	
  
Research	
  labs	
  
Entrepreneurship	
  
programs	
  
Technology	
  
Transfer	
  Offices	
  
RegulaXon	
  
Tax	
  policy	
  
InnovaXon	
  policy	
  
Zoning	
  rules	
  
Bully	
  pulpit	
  
Out	
  of	
  cycle	
  funding	
  
Teach/	
  
Help	
  
without	
  
expectaXon	
  
of	
  
economic	
  
reward	
  
	
  
	
  
Provide	
  
convening	
  space	
  
and	
  resources	
  
for	
  local	
  start-­‐
ups	
  
Create	
  programs	
  
that	
  encourage	
  
start-­‐ups	
  
Funding	
  
	
  
	
  
From	
  Brad	
  Feld,	
  Startup	
  Communi3es:	
  Building	
  an	
  Entrepreneurial	
  Ecosystem	
  in	
  Your	
  City	
  Wiley:	
  New	
  York,	
  2012	
  	
  
Successful	
  Start-­‐Up	
  Community	
  
9	
  AHributes	
  
•  Leadership	
  –	
  Strong	
  group	
  of	
  entrepreneurs	
  commi7ed	
  to	
  the	
  region	
  
•  Intermediaries	
  –	
  many	
  well-­‐respected	
  mentors	
  and	
  advisors	
  
•  Network	
  Density	
  –	
  cuts	
  across	
  sectors,	
  demographics	
  and	
  cultures	
  
•  Government	
  –	
  supporXve	
  policies	
  for	
  tax,	
  investment,	
  development	
  
•  Talent	
  –	
  broad,	
  deep	
  pool	
  at	
  all	
  levels;	
  good	
  connecXons	
  to	
  universiXes	
  as	
  a	
  input	
  
source	
  
•  Support	
  Services	
  –	
  professional	
  (legal,	
  accounXng,	
  insurance,	
  real	
  estate,	
  consulXng)	
  
services	
  that	
  are	
  appropriately	
  priced	
  
•  Engagement	
  –	
  large	
  number	
  of	
  events	
  for	
  entrepreneurs	
  and	
  the	
  start-­‐up	
  community	
  
to	
  connect	
  (pitch	
  days,	
  boot	
  camps,	
  etc.)	
  
•  Companies	
  –	
  large	
  companies	
  that	
  are	
  the	
  anchor	
  of	
  the	
  region	
  should	
  have	
  program	
  
to	
  cooperate	
  with	
  high-­‐growth	
  start-­‐ups	
  
•  Capital	
  –	
  strong,	
  dense	
  supporXve	
  community	
  of	
  VC’s	
  (angles,	
  seed	
  investors,	
  and	
  
other	
  forms	
  of	
  financing)	
  
From	
  Brad	
  Feld,	
  Startup	
  Communi3es:	
  Building	
  an	
  Entrepreneurial	
  Ecosystem	
  in	
  Your	
  City	
  Wiley:	
  New	
  York,	
  2012	
  	
  
the	
  Boulder	
  Thesis	
  
•  Entrepreneurs	
  must	
  lead	
  the	
  startup	
  
community.	
  
•  The	
  leaders	
  must	
  have	
  a	
  long-­‐term	
  
commitment	
  (~20	
  years).	
  
•  The	
  startup	
  community	
  must	
  be	
  inclusive	
  of	
  
anyone	
  who	
  wants	
  to	
  parXcipate	
  in	
  it.	
  
•  The	
  startup	
  community	
  must	
  have	
  conXnual	
  
acXviXes	
  that	
  engage	
  the	
  enXre	
  
entrepreneurial	
  stack.	
  
From	
  Brad	
  Feld,	
  Startup	
  Communi3es:	
  Building	
  an	
  Entrepreneurial	
  Ecosystem	
  in	
  Your	
  City	
  Wiley:	
  New	
  York,	
  2012	
  	
  
the	
  Entrepreneurs	
  
•  They	
  are	
  the	
  leaders;	
  leadership	
  is	
  porous	
  and	
  
earned.	
  
•  They	
  must	
  be	
  commi7ed	
  to	
  the	
  conXnuous	
  
development	
  of	
  the	
  community,	
  regardless	
  of	
  
economic	
  or	
  poliXcal	
  cycle.	
  
•  They	
  give	
  acXonable	
  tasks	
  to	
  include	
  anyone	
  who	
  
wants	
  to	
  parXcipate;	
  those	
  who	
  cannot	
  perform	
  
fizzle	
  out.	
  	
  
•  Forget	
  networking	
  events,	
  panel	
  discussions,	
  or	
  
open	
  houses;	
  engage	
  through	
  hackathons,	
  
meetups,	
  coffee	
  clubs,	
  and	
  accelerators.	
  
From	
  Brad	
  Feld,	
  Startup	
  Communi3es:	
  Building	
  an	
  Entrepreneurial	
  Ecosystem	
  in	
  Your	
  City	
  Wiley:	
  New	
  York,	
  2012	
  	
  
Government	
  
•  Cadence	
  of	
  government	
  is	
  out	
  of	
  sync	
  with	
  
long-­‐term	
  view.	
  
•  There	
  is	
  a	
  difference	
  between	
  small	
  business	
  
and	
  high-­‐growth	
  entrepreneurial	
  business.	
  
•  Must	
  engage	
  with	
  community	
  like	
  everyone	
  
else	
  (not	
  just	
  during	
  government	
  business	
  
hours).	
  
•  Hierarchy	
  can	
  be	
  restricXve	
  
From	
  Brad	
  Feld,	
  Startup	
  Communi3es:	
  Building	
  an	
  Entrepreneurial	
  Ecosystem	
  in	
  Your	
  City	
  Wiley:	
  New	
  York,	
  2012	
  	
  
Entrepreneurs	
  &	
  Government:	
  
Contrasts	
  
Entrepreneurs	
   Government	
  
Self-­‐Aware	
   NOT	
  Self-­‐Aware	
  
BoHom	
  Up	
   Top	
  down	
  
Micro	
  AHen3on	
   Macro	
  Focus	
  
Ac3on	
  Proclivity	
   Policy	
  Proclivity	
  
Impact	
   Control	
  
Entrepreneurs	
  must	
  lead	
  the	
  startup	
  community.	
  	
  Government	
  is	
  not	
  suited	
  for	
  its	
  
leadership.	
  	
  Startup	
  communiXes	
  take	
  advantage	
  of	
  network	
  effects:	
  the	
  addiXon	
  of	
  a	
  
member	
  to	
  the	
  community	
  enhances	
  the	
  value	
  of	
  exisXng	
  users;	
  government	
  is	
  
hierarchical.	
  
From	
  Brad	
  Feld,	
  Startup	
  Communi3es:	
  Building	
  an	
  Entrepreneurial	
  Ecosystem	
  in	
  Your	
  City	
  Wiley:	
  New	
  York,	
  2012	
  	
  
the	
  University	
  
•  Source	
  of	
  talent,	
  research,	
  programming,	
  and	
  
tech	
  transfer	
  
•  Provides	
  new	
  perspecXves	
  	
  
•  Business	
  School	
  
•  Law	
  School	
  
•  Engineering	
  School	
  
•  Sciences	
  (biology,	
  physics,	
  chemistry)	
  School/
Departments	
  	
  
•  Hierarchy	
  can	
  be	
  restricXve	
  
From	
  Brad	
  Feld,	
  Startup	
  Communi3es:	
  Building	
  an	
  Entrepreneurial	
  Ecosystem	
  in	
  Your	
  City	
  Wiley:	
  New	
  York,	
  2012	
  	
  
Large	
  Companies	
  
•  Provide	
  a	
  convening	
  space	
  and	
  resources	
  for	
  
local	
  startups.	
  
•  Create	
  programs	
  to	
  encourage	
  startups	
  to	
  
build	
  companies	
  that	
  enhance	
  a	
  large	
  
company’s	
  ecosystem.	
  
From	
  Brad	
  Feld,	
  Startup	
  Communi3es:	
  Building	
  an	
  Entrepreneurial	
  Ecosystem	
  in	
  Your	
  City	
  Wiley:	
  New	
  York,	
  2012	
  	
  
Investors	
  
•  Ogen	
  seen	
  as	
  “gatekeepers”	
  to	
  the	
  
community.	
  
•  Must	
  acknowledge	
  they	
  are	
  “feeders”	
  not	
  
“leaders”;	
  leaders	
  must	
  earn	
  their	
  posiXon	
  
through	
  long-­‐term	
  commitment	
  and	
  support	
  
of	
  community	
  development.	
  
– Tech	
  Stars	
  example	
  
From	
  Brad	
  Feld,	
  Startup	
  Communi3es:	
  Building	
  an	
  Entrepreneurial	
  Ecosystem	
  in	
  Your	
  City	
  Wiley:	
  New	
  York,	
  2012	
  	
  
the	
  Accelerator	
  
•  Began	
  as	
  a	
  way	
  for	
  angels	
  to	
  find	
  a	
  be7er	
  way	
  to	
  
“manage”	
  deal	
  flow.	
  
•  Instead	
  of	
  “tossing	
  some	
  angel	
  money	
  into	
  a	
  
company	
  and	
  seeing	
  what	
  happens,”	
  a	
  fund	
  
would	
  be	
  raised	
  to	
  invest	
  in	
  a	
  few	
  startups	
  and	
  
put	
  them	
  “through	
  an	
  intense	
  [short]	
  program	
  to	
  
get	
  their	
  businesses	
  to	
  the	
  next	
  stage.”	
  
•  CollaboraXon	
  +	
  PerspiraXon	
  
•  Incubators	
  provide	
  space,	
  infrastructure,	
  and	
  
advice	
  for	
  a	
  fee.	
  
From	
  Brad	
  Feld,	
  Startup	
  Communi3es:	
  Building	
  an	
  Entrepreneurial	
  Ecosystem	
  in	
  Your	
  City	
  Wiley:	
  New	
  York,	
  2012	
  	
  
Service	
  Providers	
  
•  Support	
  the	
  ecosystem	
  
– Legal	
  
– AccounXng	
  
– Office	
  space	
  
– Equipment	
  rental	
  
•  “rent	
  before	
  you	
  buy”	
  
Advisors	
  ≠	
  Mentors	
  
•  Advisor	
  (economic	
  relaXonship)	
  
•  Mentor	
  (no	
  economic	
  relaXonship;	
  expects	
  
nothing)	
  
From	
  Brad	
  Feld,	
  Startup	
  Communi3es:	
  Building	
  an	
  Entrepreneurial	
  Ecosystem	
  in	
  Your	
  City	
  Wiley:	
  New	
  York,	
  2012	
  	
  
the	
  Role	
  of	
  Failure	
  
•  The	
  greatest	
  thing	
  an	
  entrepreneur	
  can	
  learn	
  
is	
  how	
  to	
  fail;	
  failure	
  is	
  part	
  of	
  the	
  process	
  
•  Test	
  ideas	
  quickly;	
  be	
  agile	
  enough	
  to	
  pivot	
  
quickly	
  when	
  ideas	
  fail	
  (otherwise	
  bad	
  ideas	
  
perpetuate).	
  
•  “wakes”	
  for	
  failed	
  companies/projects	
  honor	
  
the	
  a7empt.	
  
From	
  Brad	
  Feld,	
  Startup	
  Communi3es:	
  Building	
  an	
  Entrepreneurial	
  Ecosystem	
  in	
  Your	
  City	
  Wiley:	
  New	
  York,	
  2012	
  	
  
Takeaways	
  
The	
  idea	
  alone	
  is	
  necessary	
  but	
  not	
  sufficient	
  –	
  
the	
  economic	
  realizaXon	
  does	
  not	
  happen	
  unXl	
  
that	
  innovaXon	
  is	
  shared,	
  adopted,	
  and	
  diffused	
  
into	
  the	
  economy.	
  
Investors	
  
Mentors	
  
Government	
  
Services	
  
Universi3es	
  
Large	
  
Companies	
  
Entrepreneurs	
  should	
  be	
  
proud	
  of	
  their	
  work	
  and	
  
make	
  noise	
  about	
  it	
  to	
  
the	
  world;	
  their	
  
community	
  helps	
  support	
  
those	
  goals.	
  
THE	
  
ENTREPRENEUR	
  
More	
  Takeaways	
  
•  Inclusive	
  community,	
  porous	
  leadership	
  
•  Mentorship	
  driven	
  
•  Entrepreneur	
  lead	
  
•  Not	
  a	
  zero-­‐sum	
  game	
  
•  Fail	
  fast	
  (do	
  stuff,	
  collect	
  data,	
  pivot,	
  and	
  
improve)	
  –	
  “do	
  or	
  do	
  not,	
  there	
  is	
  no	
  try”	
  
And	
  One	
  Last	
  Thought…	
  
Knowledge	
  
•  Knowledge	
  is	
  cumulaXve	
  and	
  path	
  dependent	
  
•  Tacit	
  knowledge	
  that	
  individuals	
  have	
  cannot	
  
arXculate	
  (M.	
  Polanyi,	
  1967)	
  	
  
•  Explicit	
  knowledge	
  can	
  be	
  codified,	
  easily	
  
transmi7ed	
  and	
  stored	
  (Mokyr,	
  2002)	
  
•  How	
  do	
  the	
  a7ributes	
  of	
  knowledge	
  affect	
  the	
  
creaXon	
  of	
  startup	
  communiXes?	
  
	
  

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Start up-communities-23-feb-13OOO

  • 1. Entrepreneurs,   Startups  and   Economic   Growth   Far  be7er  is  it  to  dare  mighty  things,  to  win  glorious   triumphs,  even  though  checked  by  failure  .  .  .than  to  rank   with  those  poor  spirits  who  neither  enjoy  much  or  suffer   much,  because  they  live  in  a  gray  twilight  that  knows  not   victory  nor  defeat.              Theodore  Roosevelt   G.  Duchak   February  2013  
  • 2. Principal  Reference   Brad  Feld  has  been  a  driving  force  in  building  entrepreneurial  cultures,   including  in  his  own  city  of  Boulder,  CO,  since  the  late  1980s.  He   currently  serves  as  a  managing  director  at  Foundry  Group,  a  venture-­‐ capital  firm  that  funds  early-­‐stage  technology  companies.   Start-­‐Up  Communi3es:   Building  an  Entrepreneurial   Ecosystem  in  Your  City   Brad  Feld  
  • 3. Start-­‐Up  Community:   “An  evolving  Organism”   Investors   Mentors   Government   Services   Universi3es   Large   Companies   THE   ENTREPRENEUR  Lawyers   Accountants   Recruiters   MarkeXng   consultants   Contract   CFOs   Professors   Students   Fresh  ideas/  labor   Research  labs   Entrepreneurship   programs   Technology   Transfer  Offices   RegulaXon   Tax  policy   InnovaXon  policy   Zoning  rules   Bully  pulpit   Out  of  cycle  funding   Teach/   Help   without   expectaXon   of   economic   reward       Provide   convening  space   and  resources   for  local  start-­‐ ups   Create  programs   that  encourage   start-­‐ups   Funding       From  Brad  Feld,  Startup  Communi3es:  Building  an  Entrepreneurial  Ecosystem  in  Your  City  Wiley:  New  York,  2012    
  • 4. Successful  Start-­‐Up  Community   9  AHributes   •  Leadership  –  Strong  group  of  entrepreneurs  commi7ed  to  the  region   •  Intermediaries  –  many  well-­‐respected  mentors  and  advisors   •  Network  Density  –  cuts  across  sectors,  demographics  and  cultures   •  Government  –  supporXve  policies  for  tax,  investment,  development   •  Talent  –  broad,  deep  pool  at  all  levels;  good  connecXons  to  universiXes  as  a  input   source   •  Support  Services  –  professional  (legal,  accounXng,  insurance,  real  estate,  consulXng)   services  that  are  appropriately  priced   •  Engagement  –  large  number  of  events  for  entrepreneurs  and  the  start-­‐up  community   to  connect  (pitch  days,  boot  camps,  etc.)   •  Companies  –  large  companies  that  are  the  anchor  of  the  region  should  have  program   to  cooperate  with  high-­‐growth  start-­‐ups   •  Capital  –  strong,  dense  supporXve  community  of  VC’s  (angles,  seed  investors,  and   other  forms  of  financing)   From  Brad  Feld,  Startup  Communi3es:  Building  an  Entrepreneurial  Ecosystem  in  Your  City  Wiley:  New  York,  2012    
  • 5. the  Boulder  Thesis   •  Entrepreneurs  must  lead  the  startup   community.   •  The  leaders  must  have  a  long-­‐term   commitment  (~20  years).   •  The  startup  community  must  be  inclusive  of   anyone  who  wants  to  parXcipate  in  it.   •  The  startup  community  must  have  conXnual   acXviXes  that  engage  the  enXre   entrepreneurial  stack.   From  Brad  Feld,  Startup  Communi3es:  Building  an  Entrepreneurial  Ecosystem  in  Your  City  Wiley:  New  York,  2012    
  • 6. the  Entrepreneurs   •  They  are  the  leaders;  leadership  is  porous  and   earned.   •  They  must  be  commi7ed  to  the  conXnuous   development  of  the  community,  regardless  of   economic  or  poliXcal  cycle.   •  They  give  acXonable  tasks  to  include  anyone  who   wants  to  parXcipate;  those  who  cannot  perform   fizzle  out.     •  Forget  networking  events,  panel  discussions,  or   open  houses;  engage  through  hackathons,   meetups,  coffee  clubs,  and  accelerators.   From  Brad  Feld,  Startup  Communi3es:  Building  an  Entrepreneurial  Ecosystem  in  Your  City  Wiley:  New  York,  2012    
  • 7. Government   •  Cadence  of  government  is  out  of  sync  with   long-­‐term  view.   •  There  is  a  difference  between  small  business   and  high-­‐growth  entrepreneurial  business.   •  Must  engage  with  community  like  everyone   else  (not  just  during  government  business   hours).   •  Hierarchy  can  be  restricXve   From  Brad  Feld,  Startup  Communi3es:  Building  an  Entrepreneurial  Ecosystem  in  Your  City  Wiley:  New  York,  2012    
  • 8. Entrepreneurs  &  Government:   Contrasts   Entrepreneurs   Government   Self-­‐Aware   NOT  Self-­‐Aware   BoHom  Up   Top  down   Micro  AHen3on   Macro  Focus   Ac3on  Proclivity   Policy  Proclivity   Impact   Control   Entrepreneurs  must  lead  the  startup  community.    Government  is  not  suited  for  its   leadership.    Startup  communiXes  take  advantage  of  network  effects:  the  addiXon  of  a   member  to  the  community  enhances  the  value  of  exisXng  users;  government  is   hierarchical.   From  Brad  Feld,  Startup  Communi3es:  Building  an  Entrepreneurial  Ecosystem  in  Your  City  Wiley:  New  York,  2012    
  • 9. the  University   •  Source  of  talent,  research,  programming,  and   tech  transfer   •  Provides  new  perspecXves     •  Business  School   •  Law  School   •  Engineering  School   •  Sciences  (biology,  physics,  chemistry)  School/ Departments     •  Hierarchy  can  be  restricXve   From  Brad  Feld,  Startup  Communi3es:  Building  an  Entrepreneurial  Ecosystem  in  Your  City  Wiley:  New  York,  2012    
  • 10. Large  Companies   •  Provide  a  convening  space  and  resources  for   local  startups.   •  Create  programs  to  encourage  startups  to   build  companies  that  enhance  a  large   company’s  ecosystem.   From  Brad  Feld,  Startup  Communi3es:  Building  an  Entrepreneurial  Ecosystem  in  Your  City  Wiley:  New  York,  2012    
  • 11. Investors   •  Ogen  seen  as  “gatekeepers”  to  the   community.   •  Must  acknowledge  they  are  “feeders”  not   “leaders”;  leaders  must  earn  their  posiXon   through  long-­‐term  commitment  and  support   of  community  development.   – Tech  Stars  example   From  Brad  Feld,  Startup  Communi3es:  Building  an  Entrepreneurial  Ecosystem  in  Your  City  Wiley:  New  York,  2012    
  • 12. the  Accelerator   •  Began  as  a  way  for  angels  to  find  a  be7er  way  to   “manage”  deal  flow.   •  Instead  of  “tossing  some  angel  money  into  a   company  and  seeing  what  happens,”  a  fund   would  be  raised  to  invest  in  a  few  startups  and   put  them  “through  an  intense  [short]  program  to   get  their  businesses  to  the  next  stage.”   •  CollaboraXon  +  PerspiraXon   •  Incubators  provide  space,  infrastructure,  and   advice  for  a  fee.   From  Brad  Feld,  Startup  Communi3es:  Building  an  Entrepreneurial  Ecosystem  in  Your  City  Wiley:  New  York,  2012    
  • 13. Service  Providers   •  Support  the  ecosystem   – Legal   – AccounXng   – Office  space   – Equipment  rental   •  “rent  before  you  buy”  
  • 14. Advisors  ≠  Mentors   •  Advisor  (economic  relaXonship)   •  Mentor  (no  economic  relaXonship;  expects   nothing)   From  Brad  Feld,  Startup  Communi3es:  Building  an  Entrepreneurial  Ecosystem  in  Your  City  Wiley:  New  York,  2012    
  • 15. the  Role  of  Failure   •  The  greatest  thing  an  entrepreneur  can  learn   is  how  to  fail;  failure  is  part  of  the  process   •  Test  ideas  quickly;  be  agile  enough  to  pivot   quickly  when  ideas  fail  (otherwise  bad  ideas   perpetuate).   •  “wakes”  for  failed  companies/projects  honor   the  a7empt.   From  Brad  Feld,  Startup  Communi3es:  Building  an  Entrepreneurial  Ecosystem  in  Your  City  Wiley:  New  York,  2012    
  • 16. Takeaways   The  idea  alone  is  necessary  but  not  sufficient  –   the  economic  realizaXon  does  not  happen  unXl   that  innovaXon  is  shared,  adopted,  and  diffused   into  the  economy.   Investors   Mentors   Government   Services   Universi3es   Large   Companies   Entrepreneurs  should  be   proud  of  their  work  and   make  noise  about  it  to   the  world;  their   community  helps  support   those  goals.   THE   ENTREPRENEUR  
  • 17. More  Takeaways   •  Inclusive  community,  porous  leadership   •  Mentorship  driven   •  Entrepreneur  lead   •  Not  a  zero-­‐sum  game   •  Fail  fast  (do  stuff,  collect  data,  pivot,  and   improve)  –  “do  or  do  not,  there  is  no  try”  
  • 18. And  One  Last  Thought…   Knowledge   •  Knowledge  is  cumulaXve  and  path  dependent   •  Tacit  knowledge  that  individuals  have  cannot   arXculate  (M.  Polanyi,  1967)     •  Explicit  knowledge  can  be  codified,  easily   transmi7ed  and  stored  (Mokyr,  2002)   •  How  do  the  a7ributes  of  knowledge  affect  the   creaXon  of  startup  communiXes?