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Gaddis: Starting Out with Java: From Control Structures through Data Structures, 2/e © 2012 Pearson Education
Chapter 7
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ________ is a library of classes that do not replace ________, but provide an improved alternative for creating
GUI applications.
a. AWT, Swing
b. Swing, AWT
c. JFC, AWT
d. JFC, Swing
ANS: B
2. Programs that operate in a GUI environment must be
a. event driven
b. in color
c. dialog boxes
d. layout managers
ANS: A
3. In GUI terminology, a container that can be displayed as a window is known
as a _______________.
a. message dialog
b. buffer
c. Swing package
d. frame
ANS: D
4. To end an application, pass this as the argument to the JFrame class's setDefaultCloseOperation()
method.
a. END_ON_CLOSE
b. JFrame.END_ON_CLOSE
c. JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE
d. JFrame.CLOSE_NOT_HIDE
ANS: C
5. The minimize button, maximize button, and close button on a window are sometimes referred to as
a. operations buttons
b. sizing buttons
c. decorations
d. display buttons
ANS: C
6. To use the ActionListener interface, as well as other event listener interfaces, you must have the following
import statement in your code:
a. import java.swing;
b. import java.awt;

c. import java.awt.*;
d. import java.awt.event.*;
ANS: D
7. When you write an action listener class for a JButton component, it must
a. have a method named buttonClicked
b. implement the ActionLIstener interface
c. have a method named actionPerformed which must take an argument of the ActionEvent
type
d. Both b and c.
ANS: D
8. In a Swing application, you create a frame object from the
a. Jlabel class
b. JFrame class
c. Jpanel class
d. AbstractButton class
ANS: B
9. To use the Color class, which is used to set the foreground and background of various objects, use the
following import statement
a. import java.swing;
b. import java.awt;
c. import java.awt.*;
d. import java.awt.event.*;
ANS: C
10. This layout manager arranges components in rows.
a. GridLayout
b. BorderLayout
c. FlowLayout
d. RegionLayout
ANS: C
11. This layout manager arranges components in regions named North, South, East, West, and Center.
a. GridLayout
b. BorderLayout
c. FlowLayout
d. RegionLayout
ANS: B
12. If panel references a JPanel object, which of the following statements adds the GridLayout to it?
a. panel.setLayout(new (GridLayout(2,3));
b. panel.addLayout(new (GridLayout(2,3));

c. panel.GridLayout(2,3);
d. panel.attachLayout(GridLayout(2,3));
ANS: A
13. When using the BorderLayout manager, how many components can each region hold?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 5
d. No limit
ANS: A
14. The GridLayout manager limits each cell to only one component. To put two or more components in a cell,
do this.
a. Resize the cells so they can hold more
b. You can nest panels inside the cells, and add other components to the panels
c. The statement is false. The GridLayout manager does not have this restriction
d. Resize the components to fit in the cell
ANS: B
15. Which of the following statements is not true?
a. Radio buttons are round and check boxes are square.
b. Radio buttons are often grouped together and are mutually exclusive; Check boxes are not
c. Radio buttons and check boxes both implement the ActionListener interface
d. They are all true
ANS: C
16. How many radio buttons can be selected at the same time as the result of the following code?
hours = new JRadioButton("Hours");
minutes = new JRadioButton("Minutes");
seconds = new JRadioButton("Seconds");
days = new JRadioButton("Days");
months = new JRadioButton("Months");
years = new JRadioButton("Years");
timeOfDayButtonGroup = new ButtonGroup();
dateButtonGroup = new ButtonGroup();
timeOfDayButtonGroup.add(hours);
timeOfDayButtonGroup.add(minutes);
timeOfDayButtonGroup.add(seconds);
dateButtonGroup.add(days);
dateButtonGroup.add(months);
dateButtonGroup.add(years);
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

ANS: B
17. Assume that radio references a JRadioButton object. To click the radio button in code, use the following
statement.
a. radio.Click();
b. Click(radio);
c. Click(radio, true);
d. radio.doClick();
ANS: D
18. The variable panel references a JPanel object. The variable bGroup references a ButtonGroup object,
which contains several button components. If you want to add the buttons to the panel...
a. use the statement, panel.add(bGroup);
b. use the statement, bGroup.add(panel);
c. use the statement, Panel panel = new Panel(bGroup);
d. add each button to panel one at a time, e.g. panel.add(button1);
ANS: D
19. What will be the result of executing the following statement?
panel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createLineBorder(Color.BLUE, 5));
a. The JPanel referenced by panel will have a blue line border that is 5 millimeters thick.
b. The JPanel referenced by panel will have a blue line border that is 5 pixels thick.
c. The JPanel referenced by panel will have a blue line border that is 5 characters thick.
d. The JPanel referenced by panel will have a blue line border that is 5 inches thick.
ANS: B
20. When an application uses many components, rather than deriving just one class from the JFrame class, it is
often better to encapsulate smaller groups of related components and their event listeners into their own class. A
commonly used technique to do this is:
a. To extend a class from the JAbstractButton class to contain other components and their
related code
b. To extend a class from the JComponent class to contain other components and their related code
c. To extend a class from the JPanel class to contain other components and their related code
d. To extend a class from the JFrame class to contain other components and their related code
ANS: C
21. To include Swing and AWT components in your program, use the following import statements
a. import java.swing; import java.awt;
b. import java.swing; import javax.awt;
c. import javax.swing; import java.awt;
d. import javax.swing; import javax.awt;
ANS: C

22. These types of components are coupled with their underlying peers.
a. Lightweight
b. Featherweight
c. Middleweight
d. Heavyweight
ANS: D
23. JFC stands for
a. Java Fundamental Classes
b. Java Foundation Classes
c. Java Fundamental Core
d. Java Frame Class
ANS: B
24. When this is the argument passed to the JFrame class's setDefaultCloseOperation() method, the
application is hidden, but not closed.
a. HIDE_ON_CLOSE
b. JFrame. HIDE_ON_CLOSE
c. JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE
d. JFrame.HIDE_NOT_CLOSE
ANS: B
25. This is a basic window that has a border around it, a title bar, and a set of buttons for minimizing, maximizing,
and closing the window.
a. Pane
b. Container
c. Frame
d. Dialog box
ANS: C
26. Which of the following statements creates a class that is extended from the JFrame class?
a. JFrame DerivedClass = new JFrame();
b. class JFrame DerivedClass;
c. JFrame(DerivedClass);
d. public class DerivedClass extends JFrame{}
ANS: D
27. What does the following statement do?
addButton.addActionListener(new AddButtonListener());
a. Creates an AddButtonListener object
b. Registers the addButton object as an ActionListener with the AddButtonListener
object
c. Creates an AddButtonListener object and registers the AddButtonListener object with
the addButton

d. Nothing, the statement is invalid
ANS: C
28. Event listeners must
a. implement an interface
b. be included in private inner classes
c. not receive any arguments
d. exit the application once it has handled the event
ANS: A
29. If button1 is a JButton object, which of the following statements will make its background blue?
a. button1.makeBackground(BLUE);
b. button1.setBackground(Color.BLUE);
c. button1.makeBackground(Color.BLUE);
d. button1.set.Background(BLUE);
ANS: B
30. This layout manager arranges components in five regions.
a. GridLayout
b. BorderLayout
c. FlowLayout
d. RegionLayout
ANS: B
31. Which of the following is not a rule for the FlowLayout manager?
a. Multiple components can be added to a container that uses a FlowLayout manager
b. New components will be added in a row from left to right
c. When there is no more room in a row, additional components are put on the next row
d. All of these are rules for the FlowLayout manager
ANS: D
32. When a component is added to a region in the BorderLayout manager,
a. the component retains its original size
b. it results in a compile time error, if it is too large
c. the component is stretched so it fills up the entire region
d. the region is resized to fit the component
ANS: C
33. When adding components to a container that is governed by the GridLayout manager,
a. you cannot specify a cell
b. you specify the cell with the row and column numbers in the add statement
c. you must add them starting with the lower, right cell
d. the components are added automatically by filling up the first column, then the second, etc.

ANS: A
34. Which of the following statements is not true?
a. Radio buttons are round and check boxes are square.
b. Radio buttons are often grouped together and are mutually exclusive; Check boxes are not
c. Radio buttons implement ActionListener; Check boxes implement ItemListener
d. All of these are true
ANS: D
35. Why doesn't the following code compile correctly?
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
public class ColorCheckBoxWindow extends JFrame
{
private JCheckBox greenCheckBox;
private final int WINDOW_WIDTH = 300, WINDOW_HEIGHT = 100;
public ColorCheckBoxWindow()
{
setTitle("Green Check Box");
setSize(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT);
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
greenCheckBox = new JCheckBox("Green");
greenCheckBox.addItemListener(new CheckBoxListener());
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(greenCheckBox);
setVisible(true);
}
public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e)
{
if (e.getSource() == greenCheckBox)
{
System.exit(0);
}
}
}
a. ColorCheckBoxWindow is not implementing the correct listener
b. The button cannot be added to the content pane
c. The itemStateChanged method cannot be coded here
d. greenCheckBox should not be a private member
ANS: C
36. Assume that the variable checkbox references a JCheckBox object. To determine whether the check box has
been selected, use the following code.
a. if (isSelected(checkBox)) {/*code to execute, if selected*/}
b. if (checkBox.isSelected()) {/*code to execute, if selected*/}
c. if (checkBox) {/*code to execute, if selected*/}
d. if (checkBox.doClick()) {/*code to execute, if selected*/}
ANS: B

37. What will be the result of executing the following statement?
panel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitleBorder("Title"));
a. The JPanel referenced by panel will have an etched border with the title "Title" displayed on it.
b. The JPanel referenced by panel will have an empty border with the title "Title" displayed on it.
c. The JPanel referenced by panel will have a line border with the title "Title" displayed on it.
d. The JPanel referenced by panel will have a compound border with the title "Title" displayed on
it.
ANS: A
38. When an application uses many components, instead of extending just one class from the JFrame class, a better
approach is to
a. break the application into several smaller applications
b. reconsider the design of the application
c. encapsulate smaller groups of related components and their event listeners into their own classes
d. just go ahead and do it in one large class
ANS: C
39. This is a graphic image that is displayed while an application loads into memory and starts up.
a. The Java 6 trademark screen
b. Memory usage screen
c. Blue screen of death
d. Splash screen
ANS: D
40. You would use this command at the operating system command line to execute the code in the
MyApplication class and display the graphic image Logo.jpg as a splash screen.
a. java MyApplication Logo.jpg
b. java -splash:Logo.jpg MyApplication
c. java MyApplication –splash
d. java Logo.jpg –splash:MyApplication
ANS: B
TRUE/FALSE
1. A GUI program automatically stops executing when the end of the main method is reached.
ANS: F
2. A common technique for writing an event listener class is to write it as a private inner class inside the class that
creates the GUI.
ANS: T

3. The following statement adds the FlowLayout manager to the container, centers the components, and
separates the components with a gap of 10 pixels.
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
ANS: F
4. Check boxes may be grouped in a ButtonGroup like radio buttons are.
ANS: T
5. The System.exit method will end the application.
ANS: T
6. The ActionEvent argument that is passed to an action listener's actionPerformed method is the event
object that was generated in response to an event.
ANS: T
7. The FlowLayout manager does not allow the programmer to align components.
ANS: F
8. You must use the statement import java.swing.*; in order to use the ItemListener interface.
ANS: F
9. When a splash screen is displayed, the application does not load and execute until the user clicks the splash
screen image with the mouse.
ANS: F
10. In Java, the ability to display splash screens was introduced in Java 6.
ANS: T

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Starting Out With Java From Control Structures Through Data Structures 2nd Edition Gaddis Test Bank

CHAPTER XVIII.
Sixth Day of the Trial.
The proceedings opened by Judge Blaisdell announcing that he was
ready to hear the arguments of counsel. Mr. Jennings arose and said:
“May it please Your Honor, this complaint upon which you have to pass
to-day, in substance, alleges that on the 4th of August last Andrew J.
Borden was murdered by his daughter Lizzie. I must say I close this
case with feelings entirely different from those I have ever
experienced at the conclusion of any case. This man was not merely
my client, he was my friend. I had known him from boyhood days,
and if three short weeks ago any one had told me that I should stand
here defending his youngest daughter from the charge of murdering
him, I should have pronounced it beyond the realm of human
credibility. But such is the fact, and upon the decision of Your Honor
will rest the liberty and good name of this young woman. There are
some things of which there is no doubt. There is no doubt that
Andrew J. Borden was murdered in his house at the time given by
Bridget Sullivan, Mr. Shortsleeves and Jonathan Clegg. All these give
the time from the City Hall clock. Mr. Clegg sees Mr. Borden leave his
store at 10:30 o’clock, a time he fixes by looking at the clock. As Mr.
Borden entered his other store, one of the men working there saw it
was twenty minutes before 11. It seems to me it is fixed almost
beyond a peradventure that the last time Andrew J. Borden entered
the house was between quarter and ten minutes before 11. Mrs. Kelly
is wrong unless the others are wrong. Mr. Borden did not enter his
home at twenty minutes before 11 unless Mr. Shortsleeves is wrong
and Bridget Sullivan is wrong. The time between his entering the
house and the giving of the alarm is from twenty-five minutes to half
an hour. Now what took place after he got there? Bridget Sullivan says
she left him in the sitting room reading the paper, and within this
narrow limit of half an hour Andrew Borden has to talk with Lizzie, talk
with Bridget, go up stairs, go down-stairs, compose himself in the
chair and place himself upon the sofa. If the theory of the

STATE OFFICER GEORGE SEAVER.
Government is correct, it certainly took five minutes or perhaps ten
minutes from the time Miss Lizzie gave the alarm to the time

INSPECTOR ADELARD PERRON.
information was received at the Central Station. Now, I claim that you
must deduct ten minutes from the time at which he left the centre of
the city to the time he was found dead. If you do that you limit the
time of the committing of this crime to fifteen, to thirteen, or perhaps
to not more than ten minutes. We have had a description of the
injuries, and I suggest that even the learned District Attorney himself
cannot imagine that any person could have committed that crime
unless his heart was as black with hatred as hell itself.” At this point,
for the first time in public since the commission of the crime, Lizzie
Borden almost broke down. Her form was convulsed, her lips were
trembling, and she shaded her eyes with her hands in order to
partially conceal the tears, which were freely flowing.
Mr. Jennings
continued as follows:
“Blow after blow was
showered upon them,
cutting through
blood, bone and flesh
into the very brain.
Not one, not two, but
in the case of the
woman, eighteen. I
know it will be said
that the person who
did this wanted to
make sure. There is
an unnecessary
brutality about this
that suggests nothing
but insanity or brutal
hatred. There is
another thing. Every blow showed that the person who wielded that
hatchet was a person of experience with the instrument. Every blow
shows its own line of demarcation and, taking with this the fact that
all the blows were parallel, I venture to say that no hand could strike
those blows that had not a powerful wrist and experience in handling

a hatchet. But now, Your Honor, it is a maxim of law that better one
hundred guilty persons should escape than one innocent man perish.
But more of these wounds. Prof. Wood told you it was almost
impossible for a person to commit these crimes without being almost
covered with blood, from the waist upward in the case of Mr. Borden,
and from the feet upward in the case of Mrs. Borden. Now, what takes
place? It becomes the duty of the Commonwealth to investigate an
atrocious crime like this with the greatest care. It is of the utmost
importance that the guilty party should be found and not someone
accused of it. The Commonwealth seems to have made up its mind
that the crime was committed by some one in that house. All their
labors have been directed with that view. It is perfectly evident to
lawyers that this was one of the views the Commonwealth was taking
in presenting its case. They say no one could get out on the south
because Mrs. Kelly is there, Crowe’s yard is there, men are working
there and there is the Chagnon house. You have Mrs. Churchill on the
north and others on the west. The first thing they’ve got to do in order
to draw the line around the people in the house is to isolate that
house. Now, what is the fact? They know that the house has been
burglarized and the barn broken into within a few months. Whether
they know it or not, a person would say they ought to think that there
was someone who knew that there was money in Mr. Borden’s room.
You know that Mrs. Manley saw a man standing at that gate. The
police have had I don’t know how many men in this case, but they
never found this woman. They never found the man Dr. Handy saw.
They can find the axes Lizzie Borden killed her father with, but they
can not find this man. I don’t say they haven’t tried to, but the fact is
they haven’t. Certain men got over that back fence that day and Mrs.
Churchill didn’t see them, nor did Miss Collette. Miss Collette didn’t see
Frank Wixon get over that fence and walk on it before 12 o’clock that
day. John Crowe’s man didn’t see him either. The District Attorney will
tell you that Mrs. Chagnon and her daughter heard pounding. They
described it as of some one getting over a fence. If Your Honor will
think a minute, you will see that it was not pounding which was in
their minds, but the thought of a man getting over a fence. We claim,
Your Honor, that this shows an idea that nobody else could have got

into that house and escaped. Mr. John Morse appears to have
satisfactorily accounted for his time, and that brings us to two parties,
Bridget Sullivan and Lizzie Borden. In the natural course of things who
would be the party to be suspected? Whose clothing would be
examined, and who would have to account for every movement of her
time? Would it be the stranger, or would it be the one bound to the
murdered man by ties of love? And right here, what does it mean
when we say the youngest daughter? The last one whose baby fingers
have been lovingly entwined about her father’s head. Is there nothing
in the ties of love and affection?” The words of Mr. Jennings about the
youngest daughter caused the prisoner strong feelings. She bit her
lips and then the tears began to shine in her eyes. She raised her
hand to her eyes and then placed her handkerchief there. She did not
cry, however, and as soon as Mr. Jennings left this line of talk she
wiped her eyes and was as before, except that her eyes were now red
as any woman’s who lets tears get the best of her. “And I do not wish
to be misunderstood. I do not believe that Bridget Sullivan committed
that murder any more than I believe Lizzie Borden did. Why don’t the
District Attorney make Bridget Sullivan explain what she was doing
during the twenty minutes which elapsed while she is supposed to be
washing the upper sitting room windows? Does it take her twenty
minutes to wash the upper part of one window? Why isn’t she
questioned regarding every second as Lizzie Borden was? Yet,
according to her story, it was three-quarters of an hour. She didn’t
wash in all but three windows and a half. Yet the prosecution thinks
nothing of this. If Miss Lizzie cannot escape being tripped up by one
officer and another, she must be guilty. Now, to commit a crime there
must be opportunity. I submit that unless she alone had an
opportunity to commit the crime there is no ground for holding her.
Bridget Sullivan was out washing windows. Nobody saw her but Mrs.
Churchill. Bridget was three-quarters of an hour washing windows.
Mind you, I don’t say Bridget Sullivan did it. I distinctly state she did
not, but I call attention to these points, which the State haven’t
considered yet. Now in regard to the length of time which those two
people had been dead. Prof. Wood testified under cross-examination
that, providing the digestion had been normal, Mrs. Borden was killed

an hour and a half or two hours before Mr. Borden. If she was killed at
9:30 or 10 o’clock, Mr. Borden was there in the house. He goes to the
Union Savings Bank a few minutes before 9:30. Surely Lizzie never
killed her mother while her father was in the house. Surely she did not
get her father out of the house to kill the mother. Now, in regard to
this, it is perfectly clear to me why the answers to the questions of her
whereabouts at the time of the killing of her mother and later that
morning should be inconsistent. I have stated before that I considered
the inquisition of the girl an outrage. Here was a girl they had been
suspecting for days. She was virtually under arrest, and yet for the
purpose of extracting a confession from her to support their theory,
they brought her here and put her upon the rack, a thing they knew
they would have no right to do if they placed her under arrest. As in
the days of the rack and thumb screws, so she was racked mentally
again and again. Day after day the same questions were repeated to
her in the hope to elicit some information that would criminate her. Is
it a wonder there are conflicting statements? Here is an intelligent
lady, Mrs. Churchill, who went into the house with Bridget Sullivan and
can’t tell what became of the servant. Bridget Sullivan could not melt
into thin air, but this intelligent lady can’t tell whether she went
upstairs or down. Here is Lizzie Borden, who has been under
surveillance for days, who has been compelled to take preparations to
induce sleep. She is brought here, and because she couldn’t
remember the minutest details, that is a sign of guilt. Now she tells
that she got up that morning, goes down stairs about 9 o’clock, not
feeling very well. Bridget Sullivan saw her, but can’t say if she was
reading an old magazine. She goes upstairs and then comes down
again. She irons some handkerchiefs. I don’t know but the State is
going to say those handkerchiefs were being cleaned of blood. It
wouldn’t be more presumptuous than several other ideas they have
tried. How about that fire? I am surprised the State hasn’t taken up
that. Perhaps he has not found out that it is hard to start a fire. Now
about her whereabouts at the time her father came in. She first says
she is upstairs. Then she says she is down stairs, and sticks to that. I
submit that, if she was on the stairs when Bridget opened the door to
let Mr. Borden in and laughed, as Bridget says she did, she must have

been insane, and was insane at the time of the commission of the
crime. No human being could do a deed like that and then stand and
laugh at a remark like that made by Bridget Sullivan. It is beyond the
bounds of human belief. Then she says she went out in the yard and
stayed there, and then went into the barn. I don’t believe she can tell
how long she was in the barn. Look at the testimony in this case and
see if you ascribe guilt to Lizzie Borden because she couldn’t tell
whether she was in the barn twenty minutes or half an hour. She goes
into the barn and looks for this lead. Is there anything improbable or
unreasonable in this? If one theory is correct, she couldn’t have been
there twenty minutes or half an hour. It is simply a guess. Then she
comes in and finds her father. It is said that she is guilty because she
didn’t call for her mother. She knew Bridget was in the house, and she
hollered and called her down. Is she the calm, collected being who
hasn’t been moved by this? Mrs. Churchill looks over and sees a sign
of distress. She says ‘What’s the matter?’ and Lizzie says, ‘Come over
quick, my father is killed.’ Then her emotion is such that she requires
the attention of her two friends. The testimony of everybody else in
the case is that this girl had received a terrible shock. She asks her
friends to search for her mother. She tells them her mother had said
that she was going out to see a sick friend and that she thought she
had heard her come in. Was it unnatural that, being unable to find
Mrs. Borden, she should think she had been killed. Now Lizzie’s story
conflicts with Bridget’s. Lizzie says she thinks her mother went out.
Bridget says no. Bridget don’t see Mr. Borden go out. Why should she
see Mr. Borden? Now the Government is bound to show that there is a
motive for this crime. In the absence of it, unless there is direct
evidence, their case has got to fall. What was the motive? The papers
all over the country have published it as it was given out to them. Has
there been a motive shown here? No, only that five years ago
something happened. It was as a result of Mr. Borden’s giving his
wife’s stepsister a residence, and the girls said they thought their
father ought to have done as much as that for them. After that Lizzie
called her Mrs. Borden. But now what kind of a motive would it have
required to commit this crime. A man sometimes when pressed for
money will commit crime, and in the case of Mrs. Robinson we know

there was murder to get insurance money. I beg you to remember if
crimes of this sort are committed unless there is a pressing want of
money. And yet to get the motive they’ve got to say that without
hatred, bitterness or previous quarrel, she murders him to get
possession of the money which, in the natural course of events would
be hers within a few years. I say that this is beyond the bounds of
human credibility. They say the attempted purchase of prussic acid by
Lizzie Borden shows she was going to do some deadly deed. If there
is one thing which is weakest in criminal cases it is the matter of
mistaken identity. The books are full of such references. These three
persons say it was Lizzie Borden who went into that store and
attempted to buy prussic acid. Neither of them knows her, but all
three assert it is she. One of them, Bence, is taken to her house and
he says he recognized her by her voice. He says he recognized it
because it was tremulous. Kilroy says her voice was clear and distinct,
yet Bence, with the life and liberty of this girl hanging upon his words,
says he identified her by her voice. If it pleases Your Honor, Lizzie
Borden did not attempt to purchase prussic acid, and she has asked to
have her testimony taken upon this point. She declares that she never
left her home Wednesday morning, and by a special providence, which
seems to have watched over us in parts of this case, her words are
corroborated by the dead woman who told John Morse that Lizzie had
been sick in her room all day and had not left the house, and later,
when Mrs. Bowen comes to the house and asks for Lizzie, Mr. Borden
says: she was in the house all day and only went out at night, when
she called on Miss Russell. I ask you, Your Honor, taking the testimony
of Prof. Wood that no prussic acid was found in the stomachs of the
murdered couple, who told the truth? I don’t mean to say that these
young men meant to tell anything untrue, but in the light of these
facts was it Lizzie Borden who entered that drug store and attempted
to purchase prussic acid, or was it some person who looked like her?
Now, if they had proved a motive, if the motive they have given
satisfies you, let us look at other evidence in the case. This girl has
got at the most ten to fifteen minutes to commit the crime and
conceal the weapon. Why didn’t she wait before she called Bridget
Sullivan downstairs? What is her condition just afterwards? Is there

anything on her when the neighbors come to show that she
committed the crime? If she did have time to kill her mother and clear
the blood stains from her garments, she did not have time to clear up
the evidence of her work down stairs. If she had on an apron, where
is the apron? Officer Doherty attempted to describe the dress he saw
her have on. Mrs. Churchill thinks it was of another color. The lighter
the dress the better to find out if she did it, and, if she did it with the
white skirt on, where are the blood spots? Where did she get rid of
the weapons? The dress, the shoes she had on that morning. Are
there any shoe buttons found in the fire? Is there any smell of burnt
clothing? No. Why, at the time of the arrest of this girl we were
enveloped in an atmosphere of poison, gore, hatchets and bloody
hairs. Why, until Prof. Wood stepped on the stand, it had been given
out, whether by the police I do not know, that the hatchet Prof. Wood
had was the weapon with which the crime was committed, and that it
bore signs of having been used to commit it. I confess that until Prof.
Wood went upon the stand my heart almost stood still with anxiety.
The Government is in this position. The more closely they hold Lizzie
Borden in that house, the more they show she couldn’t get out, they
shut that bloody hatchet up there with her. Day after day, hour after
hour they have searched and examined, and the only thing they
produced was the hatchet, which Prof. Wood says contained no blood.
I don’t believe Dr. Dolan would willingly harm a hair of this defendant’s
head, and yet his description of this hatchet was one of the most
terrible things of this trial. It would be such a hatchet as would
commit this deed, he said, and it appeared to have upon it what
seemed to him was a blood spot. The end he said was such as to
cause the crushing wound in the head. But then comes Prof. Draper,
who says there was no such crushing wound. You can imagine, Your
Honor, the feelings of the counsel, who sat here almost heart sick day
after day, waiting for that report and guarding the interests of a client
whom they believe to be innocent, and who insist she is innocent. I
have no doubt that every person with a feeling of sympathy for that
girl felt their hearts leap with joy as Prof. Wood gave his testimony. If
I could have had my way I would have shouted for joy. That was the
deliverance of Lizzie Borden. If that hatchet had been lost on the way

by a railroad accident, Lizzie Borden would have been a condemned
woman upon the testimony of Dr. Dolan, regarding the description of
that hatchet. Lizzie Borden’s life was in Dr. Dolan’s hands and by the
goodness of God’s providence Prof. Wood came, and, like that shot at
Concord, which rang round the world, his story went like a song of joy
from Maine to Mexico and from the Atlantic to the Pacific. They
haven’t proved that this girl had anything to do with the murder. They
can’t find any blood on her dress, on her hair, on her shoes. They
can’t find any motive. They can’t find the axes, and couldn’t clean the
axe, and so I say I demand the woman’s release. The grand jury, if
they meet more evidence, can indict her. She is here—she can’t flee.
She isn’t going to flee. The great public is going to take your decision
as they took the arrest upon the strength of Mr. Knowlton’s
experience. They can’t find a motive, no blood, no poison, and so I
say that this woman shan’t be sent to prison on such evidence as this,
shan’t be sent to jail for three months, shan’t be deprived of her
liberty and her good name. Don’t, Your Honor, when they don’t show
an incriminating circumstance, don’t put the stigma of guilt upon this
woman, reared as she has been and with a past character beyond
reproach. Don’t let it go out in the world as the decision of a just
judge that she is probably guilty. God grant Your Honor wisdom to
decide, and, while you do your duty, do it as God tells you to do it,
giving to the accused the benefit of the doubt.”
As Mr. Jennings concluded, there were tears in the eyes of a
majority of those present. Col. Adams, the associate counsel, was
deeply affected, and Mr. Phillips, Mr. Jennings’ assistant, was weeping.
The prisoner’s lips were trembling, and the tears in her eyes were
hidden from view by her hands, which were placed there. As Mayor
Coughlin, Dr. Dolan and other prominent persons stepped forward to
grasp the hand of the attorney, a ripple of applause started, which
rapidly swelled into a loud expression of admiration and sympathy,
and with the echo of this applause, which there was no attempt to
suppress, the Court was adjourned till the afternoon.

OFFICER MICHAEL MULLALY.
CHAPTER XIX.
District Attorney Knowlton’s Argument.
Knowledge of the splendid presentation of the case of the defence
by Mr. Jennings reached the streets almost in advance of its
conclusion, and the effect was apparent at the opening of the
afternoon session. The court room was crowded to excess, and there

were larger throngs at the entrances on the square than had been
noticed since the opening of the hearing. Everybody expected an
interesting answer from the District Attorney, and the gathering
assembled to listen to it included the leading professional men of the
city. Attorney General Pillsbury arrived at noon, and was seated beside
the District Attorney, as the latter began to speak. Lizzie Borden was
pale as she entered, but she flushed a vivid crimson as the District
Attorney arose to speak. He said: “I can fully appreciate Your Honor’s
feelings, now that the end of this hearing is about to be reached. The
crime of murder touches the deepest sensibilities of feeling. There is
the deepest feeling of horror about it, and above all in the
unnaturalness that brings the thrill of horror to every mind. The man
who is accustomed even to conflicts of arms may not be expected to
be free from horror at the thought of the assassin. While it was not a
pleasant summons that came to me, the almost despairing cry that
came to me to come over here, I should not have been true to duty if
I had not undertaken to ferret out the criminal. It was so causeless a
crime. The people interested in it were so free from ordinary
bickerings or strife that of all cases that transcend the ideas of men,
this case was that case. The murdered man’s daughter was arrested. I
perfectly understood the surprise and indignation that started up. I am
sorry that Your Honor was criticised. Does not Your Honor believe my
own soul is filled with anguish that I must go on and believe the
prisoner guilty, and yet the path of duty is not always the path of
pleasure. The straight and narrow path is often full of anguish, and
does not have the popular voice behind it. What is it we have done?
There are three stages, yes, four, which are junctions of the law in a
case like this. First, the stage of simple inquiry. I am sworn on that
book before Your Honor that an inquest shall be held, which is
necessarily private. That step has been taken. There then comes
another stage, when by the laws of inquiry it finally sees the evidence
points to any particular person and such an occasion as this follows.
That is the present state. To that tribunal it is Your Honor’s duty to
direct such cases as seem too grave for Your Honor to decide. Then
the evidence appears to indicate that the balance of probabilities is in
favor of finding the accursed guilty of the act. The Commonwealth

advances no statements as to probable guilt. Your Honor’s duty is
before you. Let us go back to the pictures. They are before you. Such
was the scene presented four weeks ago this morning. What are they?
One is a man retired from business, of simple and frugal habits, and
so far as we know without an enemy in the world. If there was some
friction between him and his wife’s relatives, that domestic and
honorable lady was absolutely without harsh feelings on the part of
the world, yet she was murdered, and there was a hand that dealt
those blows, and a brain that directed them. There was not a man,
woman or child in the world of whom we could not have said, they
would have done it. But it was done. The presumption that some
enemy killed him and then killed her, for I presume that Your Honor
will prefer the evidence of the chemist, Prof. Wood, rather than the
story of a Medical Examiner who has not examined the stomachs, is
that Mrs. Borden was dead fully an hour and a half before the murder
of Mr. Borden. Who could have done it? As an eminent attorney once
said, there is no motive for murder. There is reason for it, but no
motive. I never in all my experience saw a man so utterly low as to
believe him guilty of such a deed. But it was done. By what? Obviously
by a hatchet. The blows were struck from behind. It was the act of a
physical, if not a moral coward. It was the act of a person who, while
willing to murder, was not willing to let the murdered people see who
was doing it. As you listened to the description of the blows, you are
convinced of the fact that no man could have struck them. You are
struck with the thought that it was an irresolute, imperfect feminine
hand that could strike, and yet not with the strength of a man, and we
do not know who did it. It was not the result of spite as first thought,
but the blows were fast, swift blows of somebody who had a reason
for doing it. The first obvious inquiry is, who is benefited by that
removal. God forbid I should impute that motive, but what have we
before us? I don’t know what was the cause of it. I have discovered
the fact that she has repudiated the relation of mother and daughter. I
knew once two boys who in growing to be men discovered that their
father had committed a crime and called him Mr., but I never heard of
another case of that sort. We’ve got the terrible fact. She has
repudiated the name of mother. Has Your Honor, as I have, ever

learned that no more lasting hatred ever springs up than between
step-parents and their children? We have seen that he didn’t provide
the house with gas, that he hadn’t in the house what those daughters
very much wanted, a bath tub, and that they quarrelled about
property. Do you suppose that was a sufficient motive? I grant that
that is not an adequate motive for killing her. There is no adequate
motive for killing her. But I have found the only person in the world
with whom she was not in accord. Let us look around and it cannot be
imagined how anybody could have got in or out. I listened to the
eloquent remarks of my brother and failed to hear him tell how
anybody could have got in there, remained an hour and a half, killed
the two people and then have gone out without being observed.
Doors locked and windows closed. Here was a house with the front
door locked, the windows closed, the cellar door locked and the
screen door closed, with somebody on guard in the kitchen. Nay, Mr.
Borden locked the barn every night, and you can’t go from one part of
the house to the other without keys. That makes us begin to think. Of
course, this is negative evidence. Of course it is neither sufficient,
reliable or conclusive, but all evidence is made up of circumstances of
more or less weight. Yet from this house, on a main street, near the
centre of the city, passed by hundreds of people daily, no man could
depart without being seen. And that isn’t the most difficult part of it. I
can’t devise any way by which anybody could have avoided those
locks. Tell me not about the barn which Mr. Borden always locked
himself; the front door was locked when Mr. Borden came in; there
was not a hiding place when they came in; they could not get upstairs
to the front of the house by the back way; they must be seen passing
through the house; and I haven’t dwelt on the chances of anybody
escaping the notice of these five people and the refusal of the human
mind to accept such a possibility. I can conceive of a villain. I can’t
conceive of the villain who did this; and I can’t also conceive of a
villain who is a fool. All the movements of this family must have been
known, and so the mind, not the mind which is actuated by sympathy
and which I understand but cannot follow, because I am sworn to my
duty, but the impartial mind looks toward the house. There has been
no idle and unjust suspicion. It was natural that suspicion should be

directed towards the inmates of that house. Morse is out of the way
and then comes the servant girl, perhaps the next one thought of. The
discharge of my duties have found in my eyes no difference between
one class and another. When I came to Fall River I knew no difference
between honest and reputable Lizzie Borden and honest and reputable
Bridget Sullivan, and so Bridget Sullivan was brought here to what my
learned friend calls a star chamber inquiry, and was questioned as
closely and minutely as any other member of the family. The innocent
do not need fear questioning. In all my twenty-five years experience
will my learned brother say that he ever heard or knew me to treat a
female witness discourteously. She sitting in one chair and the inquirer
in another, presumably as innocent as anybody; and yet fault is found
that she is suspected when she answers questions in two ways. I’m
going to assume that Your Honor believes Bridget Sullivan has told the
exact truth. What took place, Bridget Sullivan? Mr. Morse went off that
morning and left Lizzie in the kitchen alone. The only time when Mrs.
Borden could have been killed. Mrs. Borden told her to wash windows
and she goes out to do it. Lizzie didn’t go up the back way because
she couldn’t get up that way. In the lower part of the house there was
no person left and Lizzie and her mother were upstairs. Then Lizzie
comes to the screen door. Maggie says, don’t lock the screen door. Mr.
Borden was then alive. Mrs. Churchill saw Mr. Borden go off and then
saw Bridget washing windows. Then the hatchet was driven into the
brain of Abby Borden. Many a man has been convicted because he
alone could have committed a crime. Maggie finishes her work, and
then, until Mr. Borden comes in, Lizzie and Mrs. Borden are alone
upstairs, and this is not all; Mr. Borden comes to the front door. I don’t
care to comment on Lizzie’s laughter at Bridget’s exclamation, but
Lizzie was where, if Mrs. Borden fell to the floor, she could not have
been twenty feet away from her, and where, if the old lady made any
noise, she could have heard it. Then Lizzie comes down stairs and
commences to iron. Bridget leaves her alone with her father. Less than
fifteen minutes later the death of Mr. Borden takes place. She could
have but one alibi, she could not be down stairs; she could not be
anywhere except where she could not see any person come from the
house. It is now more difficult in the cool of September than it was at

the inquest, to imagine the improbability of the story told by Miss
Lizzie. Where he was she can’t tell; where he came from she didn’t
know; where was she between the hours of nine and ten, when her
mother was killed; whatever else I may not say of Lizzie Borden, I will
say that for one to even suggest that from the time she found her
father dead she was not in full control of all her faculties, is to confess
that they do not know the facts. She has not shed a tear, and it is idle
for any one to say she has been confused or dazed. I asked her where
she was when her father came back, and we get this story: ‘I was
down in the kitchen.’ That’s the kind of thumbscrew I apply, and it was
a most vital thing. Almost a moment after: ‘Where were you when the
bell rung?’ ‘I think I was upstairs in my room.’ ‘Were you upstairs
when you heard the bell?’ No thinking now, no daze: ‘I think I was on
the steps coming down.’ Isn’t it singular, isn’t it a vital thing that upon
this most important subject she should not tell the same story upon
two pages of the testimony. I prefer to take the story of one who
gives the same answer twice, for I am not affected by the heat and
the turmoil which surrounds this case, and for which I have no hard
feelings towards anybody. Then I asked her: ‘What were you doing
while your father was out?’ and she said she was waiting for the irons
to heat. Unsatisfactory explanations. Isn’t it singular that I can’t get a
satisfactory explanation from her as to how she spent the hour and
fifteen minutes while her father was out and her mother was being
killed upstairs. Finally, however, she says after urging twice, she saw
him take off his slippers, when the photographs show he did not take
off his boots, and after speaking to her father she tells him that she
thinks her mother has gone out; and then she tells us that she went
to the barn. And when we asked her ‘where was your mother?’ She
answers, ‘she is not my mother, but my stepmother,’ and her bosom
friend, Miss Russell, is compelled to testify that Lizzie told her she
went out to get a piece of something to fix her window. Then she tells
Dr. Bowen it was to get a piece of iron; then she tells the story of the
fish line and the sinker. I say to her, ‘Where did you spend twenty
minutes or half an hour on that hot morning?’ She says she went to fix
a curtain at the west end of the barn and ate pears there. Let me say
I never saw an alibi labor as this one does; you can see by reading

that testimony how she was away from home during the questioning.
She was going to that barn on the hottest of days to get something
unnecessary. I don’t say this is enough to convict her, but with
Maggie’s story that she had been where she could have committed the
crime, there is something to challenge our credulity. Relation of
mother and daughter. There was so little in common between the
daughter and the mother that it was to Bridget the mother gave
notice of her intended movement, and not to the daughter. We have it
from Lizzie that her mother received a note from sick friends. Who
sent it? Where did it come from? It did not come in the screen door,
because Bridget was in the kitchen. Mr. Borden knew nothing about it.
Lizzie says she told him. Some laughter was heard when a witness
said a reporter was found sitting on the steps when the first officer
arrived. I am not one who joined in that laughter, for the reporter in
this case represents the anxious and agonized public, who wish to
know any fact in this matter and every point of evidence, true or false.
If there was any person in the world who wrote that note would he
not in the interest of humanity come forward. There never was a note
sent. It was a part of the whole cunning scheme, and if there had
been, and the writer of it had been in the remotest corner of the
world, he would certainly have come forward. It’s an easy thing to say,
but it is one of those things that, when a matter becomes public
property, cannot be concealed. Nobody, Your Honor, has said this
family was poisoned with prussic acid. All that the Commonwealth
says is that this was the first proposition. I intended to say at the
outset that the crime was done as a matter of deliberate preparation.
Those young men recognized her not by her voice, but recognized her
and her voice. Is there any different point of view in Lizzie Borden
from any other person who is accused of crime. We find here the
suggestion of a motive which speaks volumes. The druggist told her
plainly she couldn’t have it. Then how could this thing be done? Not
by the pistol, not by the knife, not by arsenical poisoning. There was
but one way of removing that woman, and that was to attack her from
behind. That is a dreadful thing. It makes one’s heart bleed to think of
it. But it is done. I’d rather resign my office than deal with it, but I will
not flee from duty. I haven’t alluded to and I think I will not comment

upon the demeanor of the defendant. It is certainly singular. While
everybody is dazed there is but one person who, throughout the
whole business, has not been seen to express emotion. This
somewhat removes from our minds the horror of the thing which we
naturally come to. Atrocious and wicked crime is laid to the door of
some women. The great poet makes murderesses, and I am
somewhat relieved that these facts do not point to a woman who
expressed any feminine feeling. When Fleet came there she was
annoyed that any one should want to search her room for the
murderer of her father and step-mother. I know there are things that
have not been explained. It has been a source of immense
disappointment that we have not been able to find the apron with
which she must have covered her dress, and which must contain
blood, just as surely as did the shoes. It is a source of regret that we
have not been able to find the packet, but she had fifteen minutes in
which to conceal it. This was not a crime of a moment. It was
conceived in the head of a cunning, cool woman, and well has she
concealed these things. If Your Honor yielded to the applause which
spontaneously greeted the close of the remarks of my earnest,
passionate brother, if Your Honor could but yield to the loyalty of his
feelings, we would all be proud of it, and would be pleased to hear
him say: ‘We will let this woman go.’ But that would be but temporary
satisfaction. We are constrained to find that she has been dealing in
poisonous things; that her story is absurd, and that hers and hers
alone has been the opportunity for the commission of the crime.
Yielding to clamor is not to be compared to that only and greatest
satisfaction that of a duty well done.”
There was a deathly silence in the crowded court room as the
District Attorney concluded, and every eye was upon Judge Blaisdell.
The features of the kindly old magistrate were saddened, and he was
visibly affected as he commenced his remarks. He said: “The long
examination is now concluded, and there remains but for the
magistrate to perform what he believes to be his duty. It would be a
pleasure for him, and he would doubtless receive much sympathy if he
could say ‘Lizzie, I judge you probably not guilty. You may go home.’
But upon the character of the evidence presented through the

ELI BENCE.
witnesses who have been so closely
and thoroughly examined, there is
but one thing to be done. Suppose
for a single moment a man was
standing there. He was found close
by that guest chamber which, to
Mrs. Borden, was a chamber of
death. Suppose a man had been
found in the vicinity of Mr. Borden;
was the first to find the body, and
the only account he could give of
himself was the unreasonable one
that he was out in the barn looking
for sinkers; then he was out in the
yard; then he was out for something
else; would there be any question in
the minds of men what should be
done with such a man?” There was
a brief, painful pause, and the eyes
of the Judge were wet with tears. Then he resumed: “So there is only
one thing to do, painful as it may be—the judgment of the Court is
that you are probably guilty, and you are ordered committed to await
the action of the Superior Court.” The glance of every person in the
room was on Lizzie as the finding of the Court was announced. She
sat like a statue of stone, totally unmoved, and without the slightest
evidence of emotion or interest in the proceedings. Her aged pastor
beside her placed his hands over his ears. He knew what was coming,
and could not hear the words. The white faces of all in the court room
rendered the seance particularly impressive. Then the prisoner stood
up, still with that same impassive countenance, and far-away look.
She listened quietly while the clerk read the sentence of the Court,
ordering her confinement in Taunton Jail until the session of the grand
jury on the first Monday in November. At the conclusion of the words,
she seated herself quietly, and after a few minutes left the court room
escorted by the sorrowing old clergyman. After this there were a few
formalities. The recognizances of Bridget Sullivan and John V. Morse

were renewed, Marshal Hilliard and Officer Seaver becoming
bondsmen for the domestic and ex-Congressman Davis for Mr. Morse.
Col. Adams announced that the attorneys had agreed that the piece of
blood-stained plaster should remain in the possession of the Clerk,
and with that, the case came temporarily to an end.
The Grand Jury.

CHAPTER XX.
Lizzie A. Borden Indicted.
Contrary to the expectations of a great many people, Judge
Blaisdell held that Lizzie Borden was “probably guilty” of the murder
of her father. She was not tried nor accused of the murder of her
stepmother; all that the State desired was to hold her to await the
action of the grand jury of Bristol County. The prisoner was
transferred to the county jail at Taunton and delivered into the
keeping of Sheriff Wright and his wife. The latter, the matron of the
institution, formerly lived in Fall River, where she knew the Bordens
very well. The accused was therefore in the hands of the kindliest of
persons who undoubtedly made her stay as pleasant as it was
possible under the circumstances. She was allowed certain
privileges, and for the most part occupied her cell as an ordinary
prisoner. Her sister Emma, Rev. Mr. Buck, Rev. Mr. Jubb and her
lawyers made frequent visits to the jail. Her life in the county bastile
was that of the other inmates, and nothing happened until
November, to attract to her more than passing interest. The
newspapers made frequent reference to the case, but as she never
read the daily papers she was not disturbed by them. One New York
newspaper printed a magnificent “fake” interview which its
representative was supposed to have had with the accused, and
ever and anon there would appear something to awaken interest in
the case. The grand jury, composed of twenty-four men, assembled
on November 7th to consider the criminal cases in Bristol county.
The Borden case was reserved for the last. The greater part of the
week ending November 21st, was devoted to this case. The State
submitted most of its evidence and the District Attorney established
a precedent by notifying Attorney Jennings that he would be allowed
to present to the jury the evidence for the defense. This meant that
Mr. Knowlton was so manifestly fair in conducting the case in the
grand jury room, that he was willing and anxious that the jury hear

not only the evidence against Miss Borden, but the testimony in her
behalf. If after hearing both sides the jury found her not guilty, he
would be well satisfied, and if on the other hand she was found to
be guilty he would be equally satisfied. On the 21st the news of the
adjournment of the jury without action in the case was heralded
throughout the land. No one seemed to know what it meant, but
almost everybody had a theory. Very few of these theories were
alike, and perhaps none of them were correct. The grand jury simply
adjourned until December 1st, and that was all the public knew.
On the day set, it convened again and the State presented more
evidence.
Miss Alice Russell, an important witness, reappeared voluntarily,
and relieved her mind of a few facts which it is said, had been
forgotten or overlooked at the time of her first appearance.
The next day, the 2d of December, the grand jury returned three
indictments against Lizzie Borden. One charged her with the murder
of her father, Andrew J. Borden, another charged her with the
murder of her stepmother, Abbie D. Borden, and the third charged
her jointly with the murder of both. At the time the vote was taken
on the question of her indictment by the jury there were twenty-one
members present. Of these, twenty voted “yes” and one voted “no.”
So it happened that twenty men had said upon their oaths, after
having heard the evidence impartially given, that Lizzie Borden was
guilty. There were thousands of people who had maintained all along
that the Fall River police, the Medical Examiner, the Judge of the
District Court and the District Attorney had labored in vain, and that
the grand jury would fail to find a true bill; but alas for those good
people who had traduced the City Marshal’s character, yes, assailed
his honesty of purpose and doubted his capabilities, and in some
instances gone even further—his acts as well as those of his
associates had been endorsed. It was an hour of triumph for them
even if it was one of sadness for the prisoner’s friends.
The criticism of the City Marshal assumed various and in many
instances unique forms. One instance will suffice to show to what

extremities a few foolhardy editors carried their prejudices. An
afternoon newspaper published in Worcester, Mass., inflicted upon its
readers a screed worthy the ablest efforts of a Chicago anarchist. It
printed an editorial, at the time of the cholera scare in New York, in
which it expressed a desire that the Asiatic pestilence would come
up Narragansett Bay and destroy every man connected with the
prosecution of Lizzie Borden. It drew a pen picture of the dread
disease in the act of purging the city of Fall River of such men as
would dare to insinuate that the young woman was guilty. Then it
sat back on its haunches, that editorial, and chuckled with goulish
glee at the prospect. Looking at this case in the light of the action of
the grand jury it would seem that the author of that editorial was a
trifle hasty. This was an extreme case, and yet there were many
instances wherein a similar sentiment was expressed.
Miss Borden remained in Taunton Jail until the 8th of May, 1893,
when she was taken to New Bedford, Mass., and arraigned before
Judge J. W. Hammond of the Superior Court to plead to the
indictments. Her plea on each charge was “not guilty.” The date of
her trial was set for June 5 following, to take place in New Bedford—
and she was taken back to Taunton. Meanwhile, Ex-Governor George
D. Robinson was retained to assist in her defense. Her arraignment
created anew public interest in the case and a few days later the
news was sent out from Taunton that she was very ill with a cold
contracted on the journey to and from New Bedford. Still another
story was circulated to the effect that her mind was weakening
under the great strain and worry, but it was promptly denied the
next day.
About this time Mrs. Mary A. Livermore paid the accused a visit
and was accorded an interview at Taunton Jail. The next day New
England people were treated to a very pathetic story over the name
of Amy Robsart, which was contrary to the report of Miss Borden’s
mental condition. Mrs. Livermore had told Miss Robsart and the
latter had painted the picture.

CHAPTER XXI.
The Trickey-McHenry Affair.
The history of the Borden murder would be incomplete without
reference to the affair in which Henry G. Trickey, the talented
reporter of the Boston Globe, and Detective Edwin D. McHenry
figured so prominently. They were not alone in the deal which
resulted in the Boston Globe publishing on the 12th of October,
1892, a story which has since became famous as the most gigantic
“fake” ever laid before the reading public. A dozen people, a majority
of whom rank high in the estimation of the public were directly
connected with this matter and while the writer of this book would
be justified in giving each and every man’s connection therewith,
circumstances have arisen which would seem to indicate that by the
publication of these names, an unfortunate occurrence would be
stirred into action again, and perhaps no particular good would
result. So delicate in fact has the matter become that no newspaper
has attempted to publish anything more than an occasional
reference to it; although more than one great daily is in possession
of the main facts. It is a delicate matter because it has many sides
to be presented, and each participant maintains that he was right in
his actions and that the others were wrong. After hearing the story
from many sources, each of which is apparently authentic, it
becomes more confusing and treacherous. There are some things
however upon which all parties agree, and they will be discussed in
this chapter.
Henry G. Trickey bargained with Detective McHenry for an
exclusive story of the Borden case and the price to be paid was
$500, according to Mr. Trickey. The story was delivered, paid for and
published in the Boston Globe. It was false in every particular, and
the Globe discovered its mistake ten hours after it had been made.
Mr. Trickey left Boston soon afterward and was accidentally killed by

a railroad train in Canada in the latter part of November. His friends
insisted that he was unjustly dealt with by McHenry, and that his
death was the indirect result of the transaction. They claim also that
he represented a great newspaper and that his efforts in getting the
story for publication were honest, praiseworthy, and done in a
manner which is to be expected of the live newspaper man of the
day. But the State represented in this matter by McHenry, makes a
different claim, and it submitted evidence to the grand jury whereby
Mr. Trickey was indicted for his connection with the affair. Had the
unfortunate Mr. Trickey lived to meet his accusers the result would
no doubt have been as interesting and quite as sensational as the
killing of the Bordens. As the Fall River police in connection with
McHenry secured the evidence upon which Mr. Trickey was indicted,
it is but natural to expect that they had reasons for so doing. To
offset this, the friends of the reporter claim that he was the victim of
a plot of which McHenry was the moving spirit and they shoulder
most of the blame on the detective. He, however, appears to be able
to bear the burden, as Marshal Hilliard has repeatedly said that he
found McHenry a capable, reliable and trustworthy, officer so far as
his connection with him had been. Thus it will be seen that if Mr.
Trickey was innocent of the charges preferred against him he was at
a disadvantage, for the Fall River police, as well as the District
Attorney and the Attorney-General were kept thoroughly posted on
what was taking place between the reporter and the detective. In
order that both sides may be presented to the public the story of the
transaction as told by McHenry as well as that of Trickey is given and
can be taken for what it is worth. The detective has been
unmercifully criticised by almost every newspaper in the country.
Perhaps he deserved it richly and perhaps he did not. The following
is his statement made to the writer. He said:—
“I was in New York the day of the Borden murders, and left that
night for Fall River. Upon arriving on Friday morning, I, in company
with State Officer Seaver, went to the Borden house to make a
survey of the premises. This trip I took upon my own responsibility,
as it were, prompted merely by a desire to look over the ground

DETECTIVE EDWIN D. MCHENRY.
where so terrible a tragedy
had been enacted. While in
the yard I learned the story
of the man who was said to
have jumped over the back
fence, and out of curiosity
searched that part of the
premises for a trace which
the escaping man might
have left. I was engaged in
this work about three
hours. I talked with John
Cunningham who was the
first man on the premises,
and from him learned that
the back cellar door was
locked when he made an
effort to open it shortly
after the murders were
reported. I then went to the door and counted eleven weekly
cobwebs, that is cobwebs which had been in place a week or more.
Assistant Marshal Fleet and I opened the door and concluded that no
one had passed through it for a week at least. We then went to the
barn and made further search. We were told that the place had been
locked. After that, we made search of the Chagnon fence, and I
measured it and took other observations. From the house, I went to
the City Marshal’s office and there met Mr. Hilliard and Mayor
Coughlin. The two men were discussing the case. It was then that
the Marshal employed me on the case, and the Mayor authorized his
action. I was engaged in various work until Saturday afternoon or
evening, when the Marshal said to me, ‘Mr. McHenry, I understand
that there is a Pinkerton man in the city. I want you to take care of
him.’ The Mayor was also present at this interview, and gave his
sanction to the order. I learned afterward that the Marshal referred
to the fact that Assistant Superintendent O. M. Hanscom of the
Boston Agency was in the city, and believed that he was in the

employ of Attorney Jennings and the Borden family. But the same
night I found Mr. Hanscom, and watched him according to orders. It
happened that the Marshal, Officer Seaver and myself were at the
Marshal’s residence during the early part of the night in consultation
on the case. Mr. Hilliard was at supper, and I took occasion to go out
and look around the premises. As I did so, I saw two Pinkerton men
at the back window evidently in the act of eavesdropping. I very
quickly told them to get out, as we did not want any such cattle
around. I did not mention the incident to the Marshal at the time,
but later, as we walked up to the city, I informed him of what I had
seen. He was naturally angry at the audacity of the men whom I had
seen around his house. On the way to the police station we met
Henry G. Trickey, and he immediately entered into conversation with
the Marshal. I heard Mr. Hilliard say, ‘I am making no special mark of
anybody in this investigation, but I do intend to probe this affair to
the bottom, no matter who it hits. I want you to convey this
information to your friend. Outside detectives must not interfere with
the work of my men.’ Right here I want to state, by way of
parenthesis, that I did not go to the post office in Providence and
offer to sell the evidence in the Graves-Barnaby case to Mr. Trickey,
although he said that I did. And the reason that I state that, is that
this very night, of which I am speaking, saw the beginning of the
Trickey-McHenry affair, and it was but three nights after the Borden
murders. It did not have its origin in me at all, as you will see as we
progress. You will remember that yesterday I told you of an alleged
truce which was said by the newspapers, in fact by Mr. Trickey
himself, to have been patched up between us. The fact is that three
months before the Bordens were murdered, I, in company with two
friends, were in the Adams House, Boston, when Mr. Trickey came
up. We had not been on friendly terms, as you know, since the
Graves trial in Denver, and at that time we did shake hands, and
apparently the hatchet was buried. In Mr. Trickey’s own statement of
this affair, which was printed over his signature in the Boston Globe
of October 11th, 1892, appears this sentence, “I went to Providence
to see about the lawyer story.” Now that was manifestly incorrect, as
you know yourself that the Boston Globe published the whole story

ten days before, and I know that Mr. Trickey got it from State Officer
Seaver. I merely mention this to show to you some of the glaring
inconsistencies which are prominent in the story of the affair from
which that sentence was read. But that is not the point for
discussion now. On the night to which I referred awhile ago, which
was the 7th of August, Mr. Trickey, before meeting us as before
stated, had left Superintendent Hanscom across the street and
Mayor Coughlin had joined the party, which then consisted of
Marshal Hilliard, the Mayor, Officer Seaver, Mr. Trickey and myself.
After the short conversation with the Marshal, Mr. Trickey then
turned to the Mayor and commenced to abuse the Attorney-General
for his course in the then pending Trefethen-Davis case. Mr. Trickey
said, ‘Hanscom had prevented the conviction of Trefethen so far, and
he will lead Pillsbury yet; more than that, he will prevent the Fall
River police from hanging Lizzie Borden.’ This thread of conversation
was kept up for awhile, and then Mr. Trickey, turning to me said,
‘Just a minute, Ned, I want to speak to you.’ I stepped aside with
him. The Mayor and Officer Seaver walked along; the Marshal heeled
up a few feet away. Then Mr. Trickey delivered himself as follows:
—‘Ned, you are a big chump if you don’t throw that big clam digger,
(meaning the Marshal) and deal to me. There is just 5000 bobs in
this job for us.’ The Marshal overhead this statement. I replied,
‘What do you mean, Trickey?’ Then he said, ‘You know how I stood
with Hanscom in the Graves matter, don’t you? I just about own that
Pinkerton Agency, and the men do just about as I say in these
matters. Now, I am in a position to give you a chance to get square
with the Pinkertons and at the same time catch 5000 nice juicy
bobs.’
“This was a tempting offer, I must say, for a poor man to hear
made, and I said, ‘Well, Henry, I will consider your proposition
awhile and see you again later.’ Hardly had the words been uttered
than he grabbed me with both hands, and at the same time spoke in
a loud voice to the Marshal, who still remained near by, saying, ‘I’ll
let Mack go in a minute, Marshal; I want to speak to him about a
lady we knew in Denver.’ Then lowering his voice he continued, ‘Has

Lizzie Borden got a lover? Can’t I allege that she has in my story to-
morrow morning? I want something big to scoop this gang of
newspaper fellows who are in the town.’ My reply to this was, ‘Great
God, Henry, no.’ He talked on, saying, ‘Judging from what I heard to-
day, somebody is in love with Lizzie.’ ‘No, sir,’ said I, ‘the utmost
consideration is and has been shown to Miss Borden, and I never
heard that she had a lover.’ The suggestion which Mr. Trickey made
then was used in the great story which he bought some months
afterward, and you can begin to see now, perhaps, why I was
suspicious of the honesty of Mr. Trickey’s intentions. He continued,
however, saying, ‘I know a great deal more about this case than the
Fall River police, and right here I want to give you a straight tip, and
you take it to Hilliard. It will give him a valuable clue to work on. If
my friend Hanscom, on his return from the next interview with Lizzie
Borden, is satisfied that she is guilty, he is going to pull up stakes
and leave the town.’ This very statement, Mr. Trickey made again in
the police office the next day in the presence of the Marshal and
others. ‘So,‘ said Mr. Trickey, ‘if he leaves the town, you can jump
Lizzie immediately.’ Then in parting from me, he said, ‘Don’t forget to
consider my proposition, and connect with me to-morrow. Then I
will square myself with you for the dirty deal I gave you in the
Graves case.’ I would have smashed him in the nose right there, had
not the Marshal been in hearing distance. I promised him to think
the matter over and see him again. I walked up to the Marshal, and
we entered my room at the Wilbur House. Then and there I related
what I have just told you, and also told of Mr. Trickey’s conduct in
the Graves case. Went through it all from end to end. The Marshal
said that he had overheard a part of the conversation, and that Mr.
Trickey was up to just what he suspected. The Marshal said to me in
the course of the talk, ‘Ned, if this man is what he represents himself
to be, in connection with these people, you watch him, and look to
me personally for help. Take plenty of time and use good judgment.
Have everything in black and white.’ As I stated to you before, I had
told him of my connection with the Graves case, and I suggested the
advisability of my keeping in the background and under cover as
much as possible, in the work before us. Dr. Graves was then under

conviction of murder, and the Supreme Court had not passed upon
his motion for a new trial. Until this was settled, I did not feel that I
should be prominently mentioned in the Borden case, as there were
many men, enemies to me, who would antagonize me at every step
if they knew that I was a factor in the investigation. He told me to
go ahead and follow these people to the end, and to spare no pains
or expense to do the job well.
“Next morning I was given a great many anonymous letters which
the Marshal had read, and in company with Inspector Medley, ran
them down. That is, established a clue for work which was afterward
carried out by Captains Harrington and Doherty. This was part of the
work which I did for the police, and secrecy of it kept me in the
background. I kept my eye on the movements of the people I have
mentioned before, and at the end of the first month, made out my
bill to the City of Fall River. It was allowed by the Board of Aldermen,
but the Fall River Herald, in an alleged editorial, severely criticised
the Marshal for allowing me to work on the case, and objected to
me being paid for what I had done. I never rendered another bill to
the City of Fall River, although I worked night and day for months. In
view of the Herald’s criticism, I concluded not to bring the editor’s
unjust ravings onto the heads of my friends, and so ever after that I
paid my own expenses. I spent every cent of money I could rake
and scrape to carry out the work assigned to me, until my family
were all but destitute. I gave up all my time to this work, and stood
still under the fierce and unjust thrusts of every editorial pen, with
few exceptions, in New England. It made me a poor man, and
eventually brought on an attack of nervous prostration, when I fell
exhausted, penniless and perhaps friendless, in the streets of New
York, and was carried into the Cosmopolitan Hotel, where I lay
among perfect strangers, while my wife and child fought alone the
battle for life in Providence. Yes, I did this rather than have such
learned men as the editor of the Fall River Herald spill his gall over
the magnanimous sum of $106.00, which I claimed for work and
expenses, while upholding in my humble way the dignity of, and
straining every nerve to assist, the Fall River police. I took a solemn

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