Statements,joins and operators in sql by thanveer danish melayi(1)
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This document discusses SQL statements, operators, and joins. It describes three types of SQL statements - DML, DDL, and DCL - and provides examples. It also explains four types of joins - inner, full, left, and right joins - and provides syntax examples. Finally, it outlines different types of SQL operators like arithmetic, comparison, and logical operators and provides a sample query using logical operators.
![GRANT
privilege_name
ON object_name
TO {user_name
|PUBLIC
• privilege_name is the access right or privilege granted to the user.
Some of the access rights are ALL, EXECUTE, and SELECT.
• object_name is the name of an database object like TABLE, VIEW,
STORED PROC and SEQUENCE.
• user_name is the name of the user to whom an access right is
being granted.
• PUBLIC is used to grant access rights to all users.
• ROLES are a set of privileges grouped together.
• WITH GRANT OPTION - allows a user to grant access rights to other
users.
|role_name}
[WITH GRANT
OPTION];](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/statementsjoinsandoperatorsinsqlbythanveerdanishmelayi1-141001121410-phpapp02/85/Statements-joins-and-operators-in-sql-by-thanveer-danish-melayi-1-9-320.jpg)
Statements,joins and operators in sql by thanveer danish melayi(1)
- 2. sql statements,operators and joins typing speed:25 Muhammed Thanveer Melayi Muhammedthanveermelayi@outlook.com Muhammed Thanveer Danish Melayi Muhammed Thanveer M
- 3. • different type of statements 1.DML 2.DDL 3.DCL
- 4. DML DML is abbreviation of Data Manipulation Language. It is used to retrieve, store, modify, delete, insert and update data in database. Examples: SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT statements
- 5. SYNTAX OF INSERT INTO INSERT INTO table_name (column1,column2,column3,...) VALUES (value1,value2,value3,...); INSERT INTO Customers (CustomerName, ContactName, Address, City, PostalCode, Country) VALUES ('Cardinal','Tom B. Erichsen','Skagen 21','Stavanger','4006','Norway');
- 6. DDL DDL is abbreviation of Data Definition Language. It is used to create and modify the structure of database objects in database. Examples: CREATE, ALTER, DROP statements
- 7. SYNTAX OF CREATE CREATE TABLE table_name ( column_name1 data_type(size), column_name2 data_type(size), column_name3 data_type(size), .... ); CREATE TABLE Persons ( PersonID int, LastName varchar(255), FirstName varchar(255), Address varchar(255), City varchar(255) );
- 8. DCL DCL is abbreviation of Data Control Language. It is used to create roles, permissions, and referential integrity as well it is used to control access to database by securing it. Examples: GRANT, REVOKE statements • GRANT - gives user's access privileges to database • REVOKE - withdraw access privileges given with the GRANT command
- 9. GRANT privilege_name ON object_name TO {user_name |PUBLIC • privilege_name is the access right or privilege granted to the user. Some of the access rights are ALL, EXECUTE, and SELECT. • object_name is the name of an database object like TABLE, VIEW, STORED PROC and SEQUENCE. • user_name is the name of the user to whom an access right is being granted. • PUBLIC is used to grant access rights to all users. • ROLES are a set of privileges grouped together. • WITH GRANT OPTION - allows a user to grant access rights to other users. |role_name} [WITH GRANT OPTION];
- 10. SYNTAX OF REVOKE REVOKE privilege_name ON object_name FROM {user_name |PUBLIC |role_name}
- 11. example for grant grant select --granting select privilege on emp to public --you can give username at the place of public example for revoke revoke select--removing select privilege on emp from public
- 12. Joins SQL JOIN clause is used to combine rows from two or more tables, based on a common field between them. 1.inner join 2.full join 3.left join 4.right join
- 13. SQL INNER JOIN Keyword The INNER JOIN keyword selects all rows from both tables as long as there is a match between the columns in both tables. SQL INNER JOIN Syntax SELECT column_name(s) FROM table1 INNER JOIN table2 ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;
- 14. SQL FULL OUTER JOIN Keyword The FULL OUTER JOIN keyword returns all rows from the left table (table1) and from the right table (table2). The FULL OUTER JOIN keyword combines the result of both LEFT and RIGHT joins. SQL FULL OUTER JOIN Syntax SELECT column_name(s) FROM table1 FULL OUTER JOIN table2 ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;
- 15. SQL LEFT JOIN Keyword The LEFT JOIN keyword returns all rows from the left table (table1), with the matching rows in the right table (table2). The result is NULL in the right side when there is no match. SQL LEFT JOIN Syntax SELECT column_name(s) FROM table1 LEFT JOIN table2 ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;
- 16. SQL RIGHT JOIN Keyword The RIGHT JOIN keyword returns all rows from the right table (table2), with the matching rows in the left table (table1). The result is NULL in the left side when there is no match. SQL RIGHT JOIN Syntax SELECT column_name(s) FROM table1 RIGHT JOIN table2 ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;
- 17. Operators What is an Operator in SQL? An operator is a reserved word or a character used primarily in an SQL statement's WHERE clause to perform operation(s), such as comparisons and arithmetic operations. Operators are used to specify conditions in an SQL statement and to serve as conjunctions for multiple conditions in a statement. • Arithmetic operators (+,*,/,-...) • Comparison operators (=,!=,<>,>,<,>=.......) • Logical operators
- 18. example for logical operators ALL The ALL operator is used to compare a value to all values in another value set. AND The AND operator allows the existence of multiple conditions in an SQL statement's WHERE clause. ANY The ANY operator is used to compare a value to any applicable value in the list according to the condition. BETWEEN The BETWEEN operator is used to search for values that are within a set of values, given the minimum value and the maximum value. OR The OR operator is used to combine multiple conditions in an SQL statement's WHERE clause. IS NULL The NULL operator is used to compare a value with a NULL value. UNIQUE The UNIQUE operator searches every row of a specified table for uniqueness (no duplicates). for example.... SELECT * FROM Products WHERE Price BETWEEN 10 AND 20;
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