Statistical infrastructure needed for SDG monitoring
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The document discusses the AGRIS survey program, which is designed to improve the quality and timeliness of agricultural data collection in developing countries over a ten-year period. It highlights the program's modular approach and core data requirements that align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically addressing agricultural production and economic indicators. The document outlines the various modules related to economy, labor, production methods, and environmental impacts, emphasizing the importance of disaggregated data for informed policy-making and rural development.
Statistical infrastructure needed for SDG monitoring
- 1. AFRICAN COMMISSION ON AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS Twenty-Fifth Session Entebbe, Uganda, 13 – 17 November 2017 AGRIS TEAM Statistics Division FAO, Rome STATISTICAL INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDED FOR SDG MONITORING TECHNICAL SESSION 5
- 2. CONTENTS What is AGRIS? Response to Data Needs General Principles Core Module Economy Module Labour Module Production Methods and Environment Module Equipment, Machinery and Assets Module Main Cross-Cutting Themes Implementing AGRIS Questions 2
- 3. What is AGRIS? 3 AGRIS is a Survey Programme for more relevant and timely agricultural data It is a farm-based modular 10-year survey programme designed as a tool to accelerate the production of disaggregated data on agricultural production as well as on the technical, economic, environmental and social dimensions of farms, including smallholder farms. It is a new and cost-effective approach to agricultural data collection that will help to build sustainable and comprehensive rural information systems in developing countries. Its methodology has been developed by the Global Strategy for Improving Agricultural and Rural Statistics. AGRIS questionnaires are meant to be adapted to the national context
- 4. A response to current data needs 4 Over the past 15 years, many developing countries failed to conduct regularly an agricultural survey, even where the agricultural sector contributes to a substantial portion of GDP and rural employment negative impact on the agricultural sector and the development policies. AGRIS is a response to the need for better, cost-effective and timely statistical data in the agricultural and rural sector. The data generated by AGRIS will inform policy design and implementation, as well as improve market efficiency and support research.
- 5. A response to current data needs Minimum Set of Core Data In an effort to meet the basic and emerging demands for national development policies, a MSCD has been established through the Global Strategy. AGRIS provides 65% of the MSCD data requirements. Sustainable Development Goals Major international initiatives, such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), define new frameworks for mutual accountability and have increased the data demand for the agricultural sector. AGRIS provides the basic data for monitoring Goal 2 indicators: SDG 2.3.1 Volume of production per labor unit by classes of farming / pastoral / forestry enterprise size SDG 2.3.2 Average income of small scale food producers, by sex and indigenous status In addition, AGRIS offers the possibility to monitor: SDG 2.4.1 Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable development SDG 5.a.1 (a) Proportion of total agricultural population with ownership or secure rights over agricultural land, by sex (b) Share of women among owners or rights-bearers over agricultural land, by tenure type Finally, AGRIS contributes to 15 additional SDG indicators, on the subpopulation and population associated with agricultural holdings only (SDGs 1.1.1, 1.2.1, 1.2.2, 1.3.1, 1.4.1, 1.4.2, 1.5.1, 2.5.2, 5.5.2, 5.b.1, 7.1.1, 8.7.1, 9.1.1, 9.c.1 and 17.8.1) 5
- 6. General Principles 6 AGRIS was designed to: Propose – not impose – a generic integrated survey methodology to countries for further customization + implementation Generate representative estimates – national/province/district Lay the foundations of an efficient agricultural statistical system Be affordable and manageable (1-1.5m USD/year) to allow sustainable country implementation
- 7. General Principles 7 AGRIS consists of a core module, to be administered every year, and four additional rotating modules devoted to specific themes Given its modular structure, AGRIS can easily and cost-effectively be adapted to respond to specific national requirements Time dimension Financial affordability
- 8. General Principles 8 Statistical Units All agricultural holdings • Household sector, including small holders • Non-household sector (i.e., large enterprises) Modular Structure • Synchronized with Agricultural Census and operates over a 10-year cycle to provide a regular flow of data • Core Module: yearly data collection on agricultural production (crop and livestock) integrated with key economic, technical and socio-demographic statistics • Rotating Modules: thematic data to be collected with lower frequency (2-5 years): economy; labor; machinery-equipment-assets; production methods & environment. Sample design • Versatile sampling strategy, able to meet different country situations • Panel/rotating sample for the core module • Sub-sample of the core module for the rotating modules • Multiple visits for data collection are recommended for some rotating modules (labor, economy) Data collection • Face-to-face interviews • Based on reported measures (ie., farmers’ recall), but open to use of new technologies and objective methods (eg., area measurement)
- 9. Core Module 9 The core module includes the production questionnaire – repeated every year – which allows monitoring key indicators in a timely manner, thus establishing trends Topics covered: Crop and livestock production Essential structural data on holdings and households Shocks and coping mechanisms Access to markets and information Key data on inputs, production methods, labour and overall income sources of the holding – all topics that are further investigated in the rotating modules
- 10. Core Module 10 Key indicators (not exhaustive list) : Area planted / harvested, by crop (average and total) Production, by crop (average and total) Destination of crop production, by crop Intentions for the next campaign Number of heads, by livestock type (average and total) Milk / egg production, by livestock type (average and total)
- 11. Economy Module 11 The Economy module focuses on a farm’s budget and measures production costs and profitability. 2-visit approach is recommended to ensure better quality data. Single-visit requires much longer recall periods This module should be rolled-out every other year, as budgets may change quickly. Indicators covered ◦ Revenues from crop and livestock production ◦ Revenues from other non agricultural activities of the holding (e.g., renting out land, providing ag services to other holdings, food processing) ◦ Income from activities not related to the holding ◦ Expenses for inputs and labor ◦ Subsidies and transfers ◦ Access to markets and storage facilities
- 12. Economy Module 12 Key indicators, (not exhaustive list): Value of agricultural production Revenues from agricultural production Revenues from other non ag. activities of the holding Costs of production per output unit (expressed in quantity or value) Costs of production per land unit, disaggregated by cost categories and expressed for specific inputs (e.g., cash costs, in-kind costs, labor costs, seeds costs) Productivity measures Gross productivity per value of production Gross productivity per volume of production
- 13. Labour Module 13 The Labour module collects detailed data on labour input in agriculture 2-visit approach is recommended to ensure better quality data. Single-visit requires much longer recall periods Topics covered: Volume of labor input in the holdings, from household members and external workers (ie., amount of time, expressed in hours) Organization of labour in the holding (who does what?), in particular identification of age- and sex-specific roles Payments, wages and their modalities
- 14. Labour Module 14 Key indicators, (not exhaustive list) Labor input (time) on the holding provided by household and external workers Total cost of labor on the holding Average wage of paid workers Proportion of holdings facing lack of labor force (based on farmers’ declarations) Proportion of workers paid only in kind Proportion of workers receiving benefits and estimated value of the benefits
- 15. Production Methods & Environment Module 15 The Production Methods & Environment rotating module collects data on the production processes adopted by the holdings, and their environmental characteristics. This allows characterizing ag technologies, and their potential sustainability Topics covered: Land use Tillage practices and soil management Energy resources Irrigation systems Crop production systems Livestock production systems and use of pastures Organic farming Manure management Adaptation to climate change
- 16. Production Methods & Environment Module 16 Large variety of indicators that contribute to distinguish farms based on the type of livestock production system or crop production methods Key indicators, (not exhaustive list) Proportion of holdings by type of energy used Proportion of holdings by soil management Proportion of holdings by irrigation method used Proportion of holdings by crop production methods used Type of fertilizers, seeds, plant protection products, etc. Proportion of holdings by type of manure management Proportion of holdings by type of feeding practices
- 17. Equipment, Machinery & Assets Module 17 The Equipment, Machinery & Asset module gathers information the physical equipment used in the holdings Topics covered: Manually operated equipment Animal powered equipment Machine powered equipment Non residential buildings used by the holding Other assets owned (only for household sector)
- 18. Main cross-cutting themes 18 GENDER o AGRIS recognizes the value of gender indicators and sex-disaggregated data, and strives to enhance their availability. o To the extent possible, data are disaggregated by sex - especially on labour and asset ownership RESILIENCE o AGRIS improves the assessment of agricultural households’ capacity to absorb shocks of economic, climatic or environmental nature and understand their strategies to limit adverse effects on their livelihoods.
- 19. IMPLEMENTING AGRIS 19 Publication of the AGRIS toolkit (by the end of November) (www.gsars.org) • Methodological Notes and Guidelines • Context, measurement objectives, reference periods, data items, indicators, applicable definitions and classification… for each AGRIS module • Guidelines on Sampling (survey frame, sampling design and estimation, sample size and allocation, recommended R packages and formulas, …) • Questionnaires (PAPI and CAPI) • Question Bank
- 20. IMPLEMENTING AGRIS 20 Further development work (by the GRAInS Partnership) • Generic tabulation plan • Enumerators Manuals • Budgeting Guidelines • Data quality framework
- 21. IMPLEMENTING AGRIS 21 COUNTRY ADAPTATION Cars in USA Cars in Italy
- 22. IMPLEMENTING AGRIS 22 COUNTRY ADAPTATION - QUESTIONNAIRES • Relevant crop lists, and categories • Implement non-standard units of measurements relevant for country • Map classifications used in the country with AGRIS (international) • Take just a part (e.g. permanent crops, cost of production) and integrate into existing questionnaire. • Combine with data from administrative registers (possible example: large agricultural enterprises). • Take individual modules as independent questionnaires, or integrated. • Methods of measuring yield • Crop at Farm Level vs. plot/parcel level • Objective methods (GPS, crop cut) vs. Subjective Methods (Farmer declaration)
- 23. IMPLEMENTING AGRIS 23 COUNTRY ADAPTATION - SAMPLING DESIGN • Sampling approach can be adapted to resources available in the country. • For example, agricultural household holdings can be selected from a list frame or area frame.
- 24. IMPLEMENTING AGRIS 24 Resources: Resources have been mobilized to support countries implementing the AGRIS methodology. Supporting Donors are: • USAID • Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) Countries: 19 countries will be assisted on the implementation of the AGRIS methodology. • 4 countries will benefit from technical assistance and financial support • Remaining 15 countries will receive technical assistance
- 25. Questions What are some of the challenges in this region to building a sustainable and comprehensive system of agricultural surveys? Can the AGRIS methodology and toolkit assist in addressing them? Some countries have started to implement AGRIS, what are the lessons learned from this process? 25
- 26. THANK YOU 26
Editor's Notes
- #6: In an effort to meet the basic and emerging demands for national development policies, a MSCD covering the social, economic and environmental dimensions of agricultural statistics has been established through the Global Strategy. AGRIS provides the basic data for 65% of MSCD and all the MSCD-relevant data that can be collected at the farm level.
- #21: Global Rural and Agricultural Integrated Surveys (GRAInS) Partnership – Multi-agency partnership formed by FAO, WB,