Statistics final presentation
- 1. In the name of Allah The most Beneficent and the most Merciful
- 2. “STATISTICS & INFERENCE REPORT” Analysis on Reliable ISP in Karachi Submitted to: Sir Rizwan Farooqui Submitted by: WAHID JILANI 55301 M. KHIZER HAYAT 55588 MIRZA ATIF BAIG 55383 FAHAD SEHGAL 55540 MUHAMMAD MUDASSIR 55368 MUHAMMAD MOHSIN 55349
- 3. PTCL Broadband is the largest and the fastest growing Broadband service in Pakistan. Since its launch on 19th May 2007, PTCL has acquired 730,000 Broadband customers in over 1000 cities and towns across Pakistan, leading the proliferation and awareness of Broadband services across Pakistan.
- 4. Wateen Telecom delivers complete solutions for Internet, Voice, Multimedia and Enterprise Solutions that make it the most comprehensive provider for all of Pakistan’s communication necessities. An Abu Dhabi Group venture, Wateen’s vision is to take Pakistan into the digital revolution of the 21st Century and to make Pakistan a regional communications hub, connecting the East with the West and Central Asia with the Middle East.
- 5. WorldCall Telecom Limited (WTL), an Oman Telecommunications Company (Omantel), is the most reliable and unique telecom and multimedia service provider in Pakistan. WorldCall launched its business in June 1996 with payphone operations.
- 6. OBJECTIVE STUDY ABOUT THE RELIABILITY OF INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERS (ISP’s) IN KARACHI Reliability depends on many factors. For ISP company, it depends on: • Goodwill of the company in the market, • Fast speed of internet at low/ affordable charges with consistent connectivity and satisfied customer services, etc. For our study we asked Ten (10) Questions related to user choices, preferences and facilities which they often demand from any ISP. The data was collected by using Facebook. Following are the Questions which help us to identify the most Reliable ISP.
- 7. 1) Gender 2) Age 3) If you have an offer to get DSL (or Internet) connection, which company connection would you prefer ? 4) How much Speed you will prefer? 5) How much maximum amount would you like to pay? 6) Which type payment mode would you like to pay (post pay or prepay) 7) How many hours you use internet in a week? 8) How many computers or devices would you like to use? 9) Would you like to recommend your DSL connection to others? 10) Are you satisfy with customer support services?
- 8. SAMPLE DATA S.NO. Q 1. Q 2. Q 3. Q 4. Q 5. Q 6. Q 7. Q 8. Q 9. Q 10. 1 MALE 28 PTCL 1 MB Rs. 1,200 Postpay 20 2 Yes Yes 2 FEMALE 21 PTCL 1 MB Rs. 840 Postpay 25 1 Yes Yes 3 MALE 25 WORLDCALL 1 MB Rs. 1,800 Postpay 30 1 No No 4 FEMALE 22 WORLDCALL 2 MB Rs. 2,400 Prepay 20 3 No No 5 MALE 18 PTCL 1 MB Rs. 840 Postpay 21 1 Yes Yes 6 FEMALE 19 WORLDCALL 1 MB Rs. 1,800 Postpay 22 1 Yes Yes 7 FEMALE 26 PTCL 1 MB Rs. 1,200 Postpay 20 2 Yes Yes 8 MALE 25 WORLDCALL 1 MB Rs. 1,800 Postpay 19 1 No No 9 FEMALE 22 WATEEN 2 MB Rs. 1,500 Prepay 30 3 Yes Yes 10 MALE 19 PTCL 1 MB Rs. 1,200 Postpay 18 2 Yes Yes 11 MALE 20 WATEEN 2 MB Rs. 1,500 Prepay 29 2 No No 12 FEMALE 18 PTCL 2 MB Rs. 1,400 Postpay 35 2 No No 13 MALE 18 WATEEN 1 MB Rs. 799 Postpay 25 1 Yes Yes 14 FEMALE 22 PTCL 1 MB Rs. 840 Postpay 21 1 Yes Yes 15 MALE 28 WATEEN 2 MB Rs. 799 Prepay 22 1 Yes Yes 16 MALE 24 PTCL 1 MB Rs. 840 Postpay 25 1 Yes Yes 17 MALE 22 WATEEN 1 MB Rs. 799 Postpay 24 1 No No 18 FEMALE 19 PTCL 1 MB Rs. 1,200 Postpay 25 3 Yes Yes 19 FEMALE 20 WATEEN 1 MB Rs. 799 Prepay 24 1 Yes Yes 20 MALE 18 WATEEN 2 MB Rs. 1,500 Prepay 30 3 Yes Yes 21 FEMALE 18 PTCL 1 MB Rs. 840 Postpay 19 1 Yes Yes 22 MALE 22 PTCL 1 MB Rs. 840 Postpay 18 1 Yes Yes 23 MALE 25 WATEEN 1 MB Rs. 799 Prepay 30 1 Yes Yes 24 MALE 24 PTCL 1 MB Rs. 840 Prepay 24 1 Yes Yes 25 MALE 22 WATEEN 1 MB Rs. 799 Postpay 20 1 Yes Yes 26 FEMALE 19 PTCL 1 MB Rs. 840 Postpay 21 1 Yes Yes 27 FEMALE 24 PTCL 1 MB Rs. 840 Postpay 12 1 Yes Yes 28 MALE 21 PTCL 2 MB Rs. 1,400 Postpay 23 1 Yes Yes 29 MALE 19 WORLDCALL 1 MB Rs. 1,800 Prepay 22 1 No Yes 30 FEMALE 19 WORLDCALL 2 MB Rs. 1,400 Prepay 21 1 Yes Yes 31 MALE 27 PTCL 1 MB Rs. 840 Postpay 34 2 No Yes
- 9. SUMMARY OF SAMPLE DATA Company Male Female Total Realative Mean Median Variance S.D Min Max %tage PTCL 29 14 43 53.75% 1,055 840 95,322 309 840 1,999 WATEEN 16 07 23 28.75% 939 799 72,655 270 799 1,500 WORLD CALL 07 07 14 17.50% 1,700 1,800 78,462 280 1,400 2,400 52 28 80
- 10. Company Male Female Total Realative Mean Median Variance S.D Min Max %tage PTCL 29 14 43 53.75% 1,055 840 95,322 309 840 1,999 WATEEN 16 07 23 28.75% 939 799 72,655 270 799 1,500 WORLD CALL 07 07 14 17.50% 1,700 1,800 78,462 280 1,400 2,400 52 28 80 MEAN PTCL 1055 World Call 1700 Wateen 939
- 11. Company Male Female Total Realative Mean Median Variance S.D Min Max %tage PTCL 29 14 43 53.75% 1,055 840 95,322 309 840 1,999 WATEEN 16 07 23 28.75% 939 799 72,655 270 799 1,500 WORLD CALL 07 07 14 17.50% 1,700 1,800 78,462 280 1,400 2,400 52 28 80 MEDAIN PTCL 840 WarldCall 1800 Wateen 799
- 12. Company Male Female Total Realative Mean Median Variance S.D Min Max %tage PTCL 29 14 43 53.75% 1,055 840 95,322 309 840 1,999 WATEEN 16 07 23 28.75% 939 799 72,655 270 799 1,500 WORLD CALL 07 07 14 17.50% 1,700 1,800 78,462 280 1,400 2,400 52 28 80 Variance PTCL 95 WarldCall 78 Wateen 72
- 13. Company Male Female Total Realative Mean Median Variance S.D Min Max %tage PTCL 29 14 43 53.75% 1,055 840 95,322 309 840 1,999 WATEEN 16 07 23 28.75% 939 799 72,655 270 799 1,500 WORLD CALL 07 07 14 17.50% 1,700 1,800 78,462 280 1,400 2,400 52 28 80 Standard Devaition WarldCall 280 PTCL 309 Wateen 270
- 14. Company Male Female Total Realative Mean Median Variance S.D Min Max %tage PTCL 29 14 43 53.75% 1,055 840 95,322 309 840 1,999 WATEEN 16 07 23 28.75% 939 799 72,655 270 799 1,500 WORLD CALL 07 07 14 17.50% 1,700 1,800 78,462 280 1,400 2,400 52 28 80 Minimum Maximum PTCL 840 WarldCall 2400 PTCL 1,999 WarldCall 1400 Wateen 1500 Wateen 799
- 15. CONFIDENCE OF INTERVAL FOR PROPORTION Objective: To construct a 95% Confidence Interval of population proportion of users who are using internet connection of PTCL, Worldcall and Wateen respectively. Data and Sample Size: The data is primary and has been collected through survey from facebook. A sample of 80 individuals’ was taken. Sampling technique: The sampling technique that was used in the survey is Convenience Sampling. We have used sample data from Question 5. Statistical Method: We have applied Confidence interval for a population proportion at 95% level of confidence interval.
- 16. Statistical Method: We have applied Confidence interval for a population proportion at 95% level of confidence interval. Data: Variable No. of user Relative ratio PTCL 43 0.5375 WORLDCALL 14 0.175 WATEEN 23 0.2875 Sampe Size, n = 80 Z value = 1.96 Formula: Calculation: PTCL WORLDCALL ( 0.5375 ) + ( 1.960) (0.5375) ( 1 - 05375 ) ( 0.175 ) + ( 1.960) ( 0.175 ) (1 - 0.175 ) 80 80 0.428 < p < 0.6465 0.0917 < p < 0.2582 WATEEN ( 0.2875 ) + ( 1.960) ( 0.2875 ) (1 - 0.2875 ) 80 0.18832 < p < 0.386 Conclusion: Hence with 95% confidence the true percentage of internet users of PTCL is 42.18% to 64.65%, Worldcall is 9.17 % to 25.82% and Wateen is 18.83% to 38.6% in Karachi
- 17. HYPOTHESIS TESTING (Individually) Objective: The objective of this test is to find out the average used of internet (in hrs) in a day by Karachi users. Sample Size, Data: • Sample Size: 80 (PTCL 43, Wateen 23, Worldcall 14) • Primary • Used Sample data from question # 7 Sampling Technique: Convenience sampling has been used Statistical method: The method we have used is Hypothesis Testing. Problem: The researcher claims that the average used of internet in Karachi is 3 hours in a day To test the claim, Is there enough evidence to reject the claim at α=0.05.
- 18. Data: Parameters PTCL WORDLCALL WATEEN Sample Size ( n ) 43 14 23 Mean (X) 3.52 hrs 3.19 hrs 3.66 hrs Standard deviation ( s ) 0.957 1.316 1.25 Mean (μ) 3 hrs 3 hrs 3 hrs Test: Two tailed test. Step 1 Ho : The average used of internet in Karachi is 3 hrs in a day. (claim) HA : The average used of internet in Karachi is not 3 hrs in a day. Step 2 Since ∞ = 0.05 and critical values are +- 1.960 ( PTCL) , +-2.145 ( Worldcall) and +- 2.069 (Wateen). Step 3 Formula :
- 19. **When n < 30, t distribution would be used instead of z. The formula would changed to ‘ t ’. Calculation: PTCL WORLDCALL z = 3.52 - 3 t = 3.19 - 3 0.957 1.316 43 14 z = 3.563 t = 0.540 Reject H o Accept H o WATEEN t = 3.66 - 3 1.25 23 t = 2.532 Reject H o
- 20. Step 4 Decision Rule: Two tailed test
- 21. Step 5: Conclusion For PTCL and Wateen Since Z value lies in the rejection region, hence reject Ho and accept HA. Now we can say that average used of internet in Karachi is not 3 hrs in a day. For Worldcall Since Z value lies in the acceptance region, hence accept Ho and reject HA. Now we can say that average used of internet in Karachi is 3 hrs in a day.
- 22. HYPOTHESIS TESTING (Collectively) Objective: The objective of this test is to find out the average used of internet (in hrs) in a day by Karachi users. Sample Size, Data: • Sample Size: 80 (PTCL 43, Wateen 23, Worldcall 14) • Primary • Used Sample data from question # 7 Sampling Technique: Convenience sampling has been used Statistical method: The method we have used is Hypothesis Testing. Problem: The researcher claims that the average used of internet in Karachi is 3 hours in a day To test the claim, Is there enough evidence to reject the claim at ∞=0.05.
- 23. Data: 80 Sample Size ( n ) Mean (X) 3.50 Standard deviation ( s ) 7.718 Mean (μ) 3 hrs Test: Two tailed test. Step 1 Ho : The average used of internet in Karachi is 3 hrs in a day. (claim) HA : The average used of internet in Karachi is not 3 hrs in a day. Step 2 Since α = 0.05 and critical values are ±1.960 Step 3 Formula : Z= **When n < 30, t distribution would be used instead of z. The formula would changed to ‘ t ’.
- 24. Calculation: Z = Step 4 Decision Rule: Two tailed test 0.580
- 25. Step 5: Conclusion For ALL Since Z value lies in the acceptance region, hence accept Ho and reject HA. Now we can say that average used of internet in Karachi is 3 hrs in a day.
- 26. TEST FOR INDEPENDENCE Objective: The objective of this test is to find the association between the age of the consumers and the amount they pay against the Internet Service. Sample size was 80 and frequency distribution was used for the independence test. Age Price 799-1200 1201-1600 1600 and + Total 18-20 13 14.3 6 4.95 3 2.75 22 21-22 11 13.65 6 4.725 4 2.625 21 23-25 21 16.25 2 5.625 2 3.125 25 26-30 7 7.8 4 2.7 1 1.5 12 52 18 10 80 E= E1 = 14.3 E7 = 16.25 E2 = 4.95 E8 = 5.625 E3 = 2.75 E9 = 3.125 E4 = 13.65 E10 = 7.8 E5 = 4.725 E11 = 2.7 E6 = 2.625 E12 = 1.5
- 27. Statistic Formula: 0.118 1.388 0.227 2.336 0.022 0.405 0.514 0.082 0.344 0.812 0.720 0.166 The sum of all the Chi-Square values: 7.134
- 28. State the hypotheses: Ho : There is no association between age of the consumers and the amount they pay against the internet service. HA : There is association between age of the consumers and the amount they pay against the internet service. Critical Region: Reject Ho if: > α,ν V=(r-1)(c-1) > 0.05 , 6 v=(4-1)(3-1) v=(3)(2) = 6 = 12.59
- 29. Graph: Conclusion: Do not reject Ho as it does not lie in the critical region and conclude that there is no association of age to the amount that is paid against the Internet Service.
- 30. GOODNESS OF FIT TEST Objective : To see whether a frequency distribution fits a specific pattern Sample Size, Data: •Sample Size: 80 (PTCL 43, Wateen 23, Worldcall 14) • Primary • Used Sample data from question # 3 & 10 Sampling Technique: Convenience sampling has been used Data: CLAIM A CEO of Internet company wishes to know that whether customers show any preference while selecting Internet Service Provider (ISP)?. The samples of 80 observations were taken from Question 3 and 10 and let Alpha value is 0.05. No. of subscribers PTCL WATEEN WORLDCALL 43 23 14
- 31. Solution: Step 1 State the hypotheses: Ho : Customers does not show equal preference while selecting Internet Service Provider (ISP) (Claim) HA : Customers show equal preference while selecting Internet Service Provider (ISP) If there were no preference, one would expect each frequency to be selected with equal frequency. In this case 80/4 = 26.666 PTCL WATEEN WORLDCALL Observed value 43 23 14 Expected value 26.66 26.66 26.66 Step 2 Find the critical value. The degree of freedom are (c-1) = 3 - 1 = 2 and the critical value from Chi-square table is = 5.991 at alpha is 0.05. Step 3 Formula for test value: = (O – E) 2 E X = (43 – 26.66)2 + ( 23 – 26.66) 2 + ( 14 – 26.66) 2 26.66 26.66 26.66 = 16.529
- 32. Step 4 GRAPH Right - Tailed - Test Make the decision. The decision is to reject null hypothesis, since 16.5291 > 5.991 Step 5 CONCLUSION The value lies in rejection region so reject Ho and accept HA, it can be concluded that Customers does not show equal preference while selecting Internet Service Provider. So Test is “Not a good fit”.
- 33. CONCLUSION “ We can say PTCL is a most reliable ISP in Karachi ” Because the company is offering some unique services as compared to competitors. Like DSL, Smart TV and Land line in ONE connection and also offering fast internet speed with consistent connectivity and also maintaining satisfied customer services. The most important benefit for student is 30% reduction on internet charges.
- 34. REFERENCES WWW.FACEBOOK.COM WWW.GOOGLE.COM WWW.GEO.TV WWW.PTCL.COM.PK WWW.WORLDCALL.COM.PK WWW.WATEEN.COM Statistics for Business and Economics 6th Edition by PAUL NEW BOLD