STP Operation Presentation
- 1. IMPORTANCE OF WATER AND STP OPERATION & MAINTENANCE AQUAFLOW SYSTEMS HYDERABAD NOVEMBER 28, 2018 TRAINER: MR. RAJENDRA PRASAD VELLANKI MR. PRAVEEN KUMAR MANCHUKONDA
- 2. INTRODUCTIONS SELF INTRODUCTIONS - Qualifications - Experience - Role in Organisation - Objectives for this Training Program
- 3. RULES Always Pay Attention to Safety Phones : Switch off / Silent Mode Participation : Active, Feel Free to Ask Breaks : Lunch & Tea/Coffee Breaks
- 4. WATER CRISIS • GLOBAL • QUANTITY & QUALITY
- 5. INAPPROPRIATE USE OF SURFACE WATER RESOURCES CHANGE IN HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE DUE TO HUMAN INTERVENTION OVER EXPLOITATION OF GROUNDWATER WATER WASTAGE AND POLLUTION REASONS FOR WATER CRISIS
- 7. CURRENT WATER RESOURCE SCENARIO IN INDIA Expanding Industrial Demand Current- 67 Billion cubic metres 2025- 228 Billion cubic metres Soaring Costs Rising Tariffs Water Loss 30 to 40%
- 8. BASIC WATER FACTS (INDIA) INDIA HAS 18% OF WORLD’S POPULATION BUT IT HAS ONLY 4% OF THE WORLD’S WATER RESOURCES
- 9. CURRENT WATER RESOURCES SCENARIO IN INDIA ANNUAL AVERAGE WATER AVAILABILITY 1,869 BILLION CUBIC METERS (BCM) ANNUAL AVERAGE POTENTIAL OF ‘UTILISABLE’ QUANTITY OF WATER 1,123 BCM (SURFACE WATER 728 BCM, GROUND WATER 395 BCM) ONLY 245 BCM GROUND WATER IS UTILISED – 222 BCM FOR IRRIGATION AND 23 BCM FOR DOMESTIC & INDUSTRIAL USE
- 10. CURRENT WATER RESOURCES SCENARIO IN INDIAANNUAL PER CAPITA AVAILABILITY OF WATER (IN CUBIC METERS) 6,042 1,816 1,545 1,340 1,140 1947 2001 2011 2025 2050
- 11. CURRENT WATER RESOURCE SCENARIO IN INDIA The Brighter Side Water Consumption Can Be Curtailed Industries- By 40 to 90% Agriculture- By 10 to 15% Urban Areas- By 30 to 35%
- 12. SOME SOLUTIONS JUDICIOUS USE OF AVAILABLE WATER RESOURCES POLLUTION PREVENTION USE OF ALTERNATE SOURCES LIKE SEA WATER, GRAY WATER, RECYCLED SEWAGE,ETC. WATER HARVESTING
- 13. SOURCES FOR WATER RECYCLE RAIN WATER STORM WATER SEWAGE INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER
- 14. SOURCE QUALITY RAIN WATER – PURE UNCONTAMINATED STORM WATER – LOW CONTAMINATION Suspended Solids Oil & Grease Agricultural Runoffs Chemicals
- 15. SOURCE QUALITY SEWAGE – LOW TO MEDIUM CONTAMINATION Physical Organic
- 16. SOURCE QUALITY INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER - MEDIUM TO VERY HIGH CONTAMINATION Physical Chemical Organic
- 17. WASTE MANAGEMENT HIERARCHY Cleaner Production / Waste Minimisation Treatment Reuse / Recover / Recycle Disposal
- 20. Sewage treatment Purpose: To manage water discharged from homes, hospital, hotels and apartments to reduce the threat of water pollution.
- 21. SOURCES OF SEWAGE Domestic waste from industries Apartments Resorts Hospitals and Hotels
- 22. Sewage treatment processes Preliminary Treatment Secondary Treatment Tertiary Treatment These treatments are classified as Physical treatment – preliminary treatment Biological treatment – secondary treatment
- 32. Sewage treatment process flow sheet
- 33. Barscreen chamber Catches large objects that have gotten into sewer system such as bricks, bottles, pieces of wood, etc.
- 34. Oil & Grease chamber Belt Skimmer and Slotted Pipe Design Basis: Oil and Grease content in Effluent Flow Selection of Belt material
- 35. Neutralization tank Purpose: to neutralize the collected sample for below reasons. A pH range of 6.0 to 8.5 is most suited to provide protection to aquatic life pH affects the solubility of organic matter and availability of BOD pH affects the toxicity levels of metals
- 36. FAB REACTOR TANK (FLUIDIZED AIR BED REACTOR TANK) Purpose: The removal of Organic matter (BOD/COD) Suspended solids Nitrates & Phosphates Pathogens
- 37. FAB REACTOR TANK (FLUIDIZED AIR BED REACTOR TANK) Aerobic process: Microorganisms breakdown the organic matter in the waste water and produce carbon dioxide + water + sludge Aerobic reaction Organic matter + O2 CO2 + H2O + New cells
- 38. PRE CONDITIONS OF AEROBIC TREATMENT Food for Bacteria (Organic matter / BOD) Oxygen Temperature TDS pH O & G Heavy metals / Toxic chemicals Nutrients
- 39. Activated sludge process (ASP) Aerobic suspended growth process most widely used Process consists of Aeration Tank, Secondary Clarifier and system for returning and wasting sludge. Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) and Membrane Bio- Reactor (MBR) are fundamentally activated sludge processes
- 40. Process design considerations(ASP) Effluent Characteristics Selection of the reactor type Applicable kinetics relationships Solid retention time and loading criteria to be used Sludge production Oxygen requirement and transfer (Mixing energy) Nutrients requirements Other chemical requirements Settling characteristics
- 41. CONTROLLING PARAMETERS – ASP Organic loading rate Oxygen supply Control and operation of the final settling tank Nutrient Availability (BOD:N:P: :100:5:1)
- 42. BASIC COMPONENTS OF ASP Influent Aeration tank Secondary clarifier Return sludge Effluent for Disposal Or Recycle Excess Sludge for Treatment and Disposal
- 43. Tube settler Tube Settler Systems for Clarification. Tube settler parallel plates increase the settling capacity of circular clarifiers and/or rectangular sedimentation basins by reducing the vertical distance a floc particle must settle before agglomerating to form larger particles.
- 44. Pressure sand filter Raw water is passed through the pressure sand filter, the filter media (Fine quartz sand) is supported on gravel & pebbles bed of progressively larger sizes. During the filtration cycle the filter bed retains the dirt and suspended particles from the water and accumulates within the filter bed.
- 45. Activated carbon filter Carbon filtering is a method of filtering that uses a bed of activated carbon to remove contaminants and impurities, using chemical absorption. Each particle/granule of carbon provides a large surface area/pore structure, allowing contaminants the maximum possible exposure to the active sites within the filter media.
- 46. ULTRAFILTRATION (UF) MEMBRANES Membranes: Hollow Fibre capillary MOC : Poly Ether Sulphone (PES) or PolyvinylideneFluoride (PVDF) Used as pre-treatment to RO Less pressure, less footprint area
- 47. UV SYSTEM An ultraviolet disinfection bank consists of one or more UV lamps and a conduit or duct in which the water or wastewater to be irradiated flows. A UV light transparent material separates the lamps from the water/wastewater.