STRATIFICATION OF MARINE ECOSYSTEM
- 1. Stratification of Marine Ecosystem Presented by Himani Vyas Environmental science sem-1
- 2. Definition Basic information Need of stratification zonation Outlines
- 3. Marine ecosystem are among the largest of earth’s aquatic ecosystem. Covers two-third of earth surface Ex. Salt marshes, intertidal zones, lagoons, mangroves , coral reefs, deep sea, sea floor What is marine ecosystem?
- 4. Need of stratification It happens when water masses with different properties from layer that act like barrier For the study of oceans and marine life science Ocean receives a different amount of sunlight on oxygen
- 5. Oceans Coral reefs Stratification of marine ecosystem
- 6. factors that divide the ocean into marine life zones sunlight distance from shore water depth Marine Life Zones
- 7. Coastal Zone 1. Characteristics: Warm, nutrient rich shallow water Extends from high tide mark on land to edge of continental shelf Less than 10% of ocean area Contains 90% of all marine species Site of most large commercial fisheries High net primary productivity from photosynthesis 2. Examples Estuaries Coastal marshes Mangrove forests Coral reefs Researchgate.net
- 8. Intertidal Zone 1. Adaptations of organisms living in Intertidal Zone: Organisms must be able to avoid being swept away (many are sessile) or crushed by waves (hard exoskeleton) Must be able to survive being immersed in water in high tide and exposed to air in low tide Must be able to survive changing salinity levels Exploringnature.org
- 9. Euphotic Zone Characteristics of Euphotic Zone: Brightly lit upper zone Drifting phytoplankton carry out 40% of world’s photosynthetic activity Low nutrient levels High levels of dissolved oxygen Organisms: large, fast swimming fish such as swordfish, sharks, & bluefin tuna www.rmbel.info
- 10. Bathyal Zone 1. Characteristics of Bathyal Zone Middle zone Receives little sunlight Zooplankton and smaller fishes (may migrate to upper surface to feed) Also contains squid, large whales, and octopi The fish in this zone have become very energy efficient, since it is especially hard to find nutrients. Many organisms have slow metabolic rates to conserve energy. Ocenworlds.wordpress.com
- 11. Abyssal Zone Characteristics of the Abyssal Zone: Dark and very cold No photosynthesis Little dissolved oxygen Tztermpapernhks.vetsfor.us
- 12. Deep Sea LOWEST LAYER At the depth 14000 ft No sunlight Angelfire.com
- 13. Based on situation Horizontal zone Vertical zone 1. Intertidal zone 2. Neritic zone 3. Oceanic zone 1. Photic zone 2. Aphotic zone
- 14. Coral Reefs 1. “Rainforest of the Sea” 2. Less than 0.1% of ocean surface, but contain 25% of all marine species 3. Zooxanthella are single-celled algae that live in the tissues of animals such as corals Mutualistic relationship between algae (algae give food & O2 for coral & coral provide protected environment & CO2 for photosynthesis) represents a highly efficient exchange of nutrients in a nutrient-poor environment. Ocen.si.edu
- 15. www.ritubiology.com/.../aquatic-microbiology-viii-horizontal-zonation- ocean-stratific www.ecoportal.ro/dan_cogalniceanu/file_download/.../lecture_1_marin e_systems.pdf https://eesc.columbia.edu/courses/ees/climate/lectures/o_strat.html www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/exhibits/biomes/marine.php Refrences