Streaming Media Server Setup Manual

Streaming Media Server
Setup Manual
VideoLan / LIVE555 / DSS (Darwin)
FFServer (FFmpeg) / Flumotion
V.3
William.L
wiliwe@gmail.com
2009-09-25

Index
Revision History................................................................................................................................................. 4
Testing Environment.......................................................................................................................................... 5
How To Setup Streaming Media Testing/Verifying Environment Successfully?.......................................... 6
Streaming Servers .............................................................................................................................................. 7
1. VideoLan Client ..................................................................................................................................... 7
1.1. Supported Container Format for encoding.............................................................................. 7
1.2. Supported Network Protocol ..................................................................................................... 8
1.3. Setup VLC as Streaming Server................................................................................................ 8
1.4. Client Computer Setup............................................................................................................. 10
1.5. Android VLC Remote............................................................................................................... 12
2. LIVE555 Media Server........................................................................................................................ 18
2.1. Supported Container Format for Encoding........................................................................... 18
2.2. Supported Network Protocol ................................................................................................... 18
2.3. Setup........................................................................................................................................... 18
3. DSS - Darwin Streaming Server ......................................................................................................... 20
3.3. Setup........................................................................................................................................... 20
3.4 Invoking DSS.............................................................................................................................. 29
3.5 Important files and directories of the DSS .............................................................................. 30
4. FFServer - FFmpeg Streaming server................................................................................................ 31
4.1 FFmpeg Configuration File....................................................................................................... 31
4.4. Setup........................................................................................................................................... 32
5. Flumotion Streaming Server............................................................................................................... 36
5.3. Setup........................................................................................................................................... 36
Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP).......................................................................................................... 46
HTTP Streaming .............................................................................................................................................. 47
To Create HTTP Streaming Video.......................................................................................................... 47
Limitations of HTTP streaming.............................................................................................................. 47
Comparison between Streaming and Progressive Downloading Media ..................................................... 48
Streamable Media File..................................................................................................................................... 49
1. MP4 ....................................................................................................................................................... 49
1.1. What is MP4? ............................................................................................................................ 49
1.2. MP4 file extensions ................................................................................................................... 50
2. How To Add Hint Track into MP4 & 3GP Files?.............................................................................. 50
2.1 MP4 Files .................................................................................................................................... 50
2.2 3GP Files ..................................................................................................................................... 50

RTP Payload Type for Streaming Media ....................................................................................................... 52
SHOUTcast – A Streaming Audio Tech.......................................................................................................... 53
For Android .............................................................................................................................................. 53
References......................................................................................................................................................... 55
01. Video Lan............................................................................................................................................. 55
02. LIVE555 Media Server........................................................................................................................ 55
03. Darwin Streaming Server..................................................................................................................... 55
04. FFServer - FFMpeg Streaming Server................................................................................................. 55
05. Flumotion............................................................................................................................................. 55
06. To Add Ubuntu Universe and Multiverse Repository.......................................................................... 55
07. Stream Server Passing through NAT/Firewall..................................................................................... 55
08. Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP)................................................................................................ 56
09. Session Description Protocol (SDP).................................................................................................... 56
10. Streamable Media Files........................................................................................................................ 56
11. MP4IP .................................................................................................................................................. 56
12. MP4Box............................................................................................................................................... 56
13. SHOUTcast .......................................................................................................................................... 56

Revision History
Version
Number
Revision Date Comments
v.1 2009-09-25 Initialize this document.
v.2 2009-10-12 Add topics :
1. Introduction to Real Time Stream Protocol
2. HTTP Streaming
v.3 2009-10-29 Add topics :
1. How To Setup Streaming Media Testing/Verifying Environment
Successfully?
2. Streamable Media Files.
3. RTP Payload Type for Streaming Media.

Testing Environment
Using「Ubuntu 8.04 Hardy Heron LTS」as our working operating system.

How To Setup Streaming Media Testing/Verifying
Environment Successfully?
1. Use MediaInfo (http://mediaarea.net/MediaInfo) to identify what audio/video codec used by (contained in)
the media file going to be streamed.
2. Choose the correct streaming server supporting the file format and audio/video codec of that media file.
3. Confirm that media file is streamable (e.g. if it has Hint Track information) if you want to use RTSP/RTP
way to transfer streaming media.
4. Use the right media player with the capability(Audio/Video codec) to play streaming media.
5. Consider that network environment that if there has one or more NATs/firewalls between streaming server
and media player. If it does, try to use HTTP streaming way using port 80.

Streaming Servers
The followings are found open streaming servers.
1. VideoLan Client
VLC media player which can be used as a server and as a client to stream and receive network streams. VLC
is able to stream all that it can read.
VLS (VideoLAN Server), which can stream MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 files, DVDs, digital satellite
channels, digital terrestial television channels and live videos on the network in unicast or multicast.
Most of the VLS functionality can now be found VLC.
Usage of VLC instead of VLS is advised. Here, we use VLC with streaming functionality as streaming server.
1.1. Supported Container Format for encoding
Ogg with MPEG-1/ MPEG-2
ASF with MPGE-4 video
MOV with MPGE-4 video
MP4 with H.264/MPEG-4 AVC

1.2. Supported Network Protocol
HTTP
MMS
RTP/UDP
MMSH
1.3. Setup VLC as Streaming Server
Step-01 : Install the following packages through APT tool on server and client computer.
1. VLC
2. VLC-plugin-esd
3. VLC plugin for Mozilla
Open Synaptic (System -> Administration -> Synaptic Package Manager).
In 「Settings -> Repositories」, make sure you have a「multiverse」repository activated.
Command line :
#> sudo apt-get update
#> sudo apt-get install vlc vlc-plugin-esd mozilla-plugin-vlc
Step-02 : Click 「檔案檔案檔案檔案 -> 開啟檔案開啟檔案開啟檔案開啟檔案」
Show off the “開啟檔案開啟檔案開啟檔案開啟檔案…” dialog :
Step-03 : In「開啟開啟開啟開啟:」item, to select the video or audio files you wish to playback.

Step-4 : Check「快取快取快取快取」
Check「串流串流串流串流/儲存儲存儲存儲存」
Click 「設定設定設定設定」button.
Step-5 : Check「Play Locally」so that you can see and hear the output.
Check「RTP」to play over a LAN.
Fill in Host IP address in「位置位置位置位置」field of RTP item.

Step-06 : Click「確定確定確定確定」
1.4. Client Computer Setup
Step-01 : Invoke VLC.
Click「媒體媒體媒體媒體 -> 開啟網路串流開啟網路串流開啟網路串流開啟網路串流.」
Step-02 : Select「RTP」from the “Protocol” column.
You can leave the address section blank.

Step-03 : Click「Play」to start to play streaming video.

1.5. Android VLC Remote
This application works as a「Remote Control」to control VLC.
Step-01 : Download android-vlc-remote-0.2.2.apk from
http://android-vlc-remote.googlecode.com/files/android-vlc-remote-0.2.2.apk
Step-02 : Install android-vlc-remote-0.2.2.apk using ADB.
Step-03 : In the device installed Android, executing Android-VLC-Remote application.
It appears as the following :
To maximize the VLC
display window
To view played
media file list.
To browse the
filesystem on VLC

The list showing media files had been played.
It can browse server’s filesystem.
Click mouse left button to show “Setting” interface to set the VLC server’s IP address and port (The default
port number is 8080) :

Streaming Media Server Setup Manual

Step-04 : In VLC player, click 「設定設定設定設定->偏好偏好偏好偏好設定設定設定設定」to open 「偏好偏好偏好偏好設定設定設定設定」dialog :
Click the「界面界面界面界面」item
Check the lower-right’s「進階選項進階選項進階選項進階選項」

Fill your「Host address」where the VLC server installed.
Step-05 : In VLC player, click「設定設定設定設定->新增界面新增界面新增界面新增界面->Web Interface」
Now, Android-VLC-Remote can connect to VLC player.
The following is the snapshot of packet capture of communication between Android-VLC-Remote and

VLC player.
The Host containg VLC player is “192.168.0.132” and the Android device is “192.168.0.175” :
Android-VLC-Control send HTTP-Requests for “playlist.xml” and “status.xml” per second.
[Tips]
1. You can stream using this method over the Internet relying on the HTTP protocol instead of RTP. Make sure
both the client and host have the appropriate ports open on their firewalls.
2. To stream effectively, the client must have all the audio and video codecs present on the host. If they do not,
VLC can use transcode to convert the file into something the client can play.
3. UDP streaming methods require MPEG TS encapsulation. The HTTP streaming method
can be used with the MPEG PS, MPEG TS, MPEG 1, OGG, RAW or ASF encapsulation.

2. LIVE555 Media Server
「LIVE555 Media Server」is a complete RTSP server application.
2.1. Supported Container Format for Encoding
AAC
AMR
MP3
MPG
WAV
RTSP ( default port : 8554 )
2.3. Setup
Step-01 : To install the following packages through the APT tool :
1. liblivemedia-dev
2. livemedia-utils

3. DSS - Darwin Streaming Server
Darwin Streaming Server is an open source project intended for developers who need to stream QuickTime
and MPEG-4 media on alternative platforms such as Windows, Linux, and Solaris
Darwin Streaming Server is only supported by the open source community and is not eligible for technical
support from Apple.
Darwin Streaming Server is available as a free download under the Apple Public Source License
(http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/).
QuickTime
MPEG-1
MPEG-2
MP4
HTTP ( default port : 80 )
RTSP ( default port : 554 )
RTP
RTCP
3.3. Setup
Run below commands in your terminal:
Step-01 : sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
Step-02 : sudo apt-get install build-essential
Step-03 : sudo addgroup --system qtss
Step-04 : sudo adduser --system --no-create-home --ingroup qtss qtss
Step-05 : Download the latest version at
http://static.lstoll.net/dss/DarwinStreamingSrvr6.0.3-Linux.deb.gz
, and put the download DarwinStreamingSrvr6.0.3-Linux.deb.gz into a directory you like.
Step-06 : tar -zxvf DarwinStreamingSrvr6.0.3-Linux.deb.gz
Step-07 : sudo dpkg -i DarwinStreamingSrvr6.0.3-Linux.deb

The default login
account and password

The above two console snapshots show the prograss of Darwin installation.
Step-08 : If you see Setup Complete! message, you are good to go.
Logon to
http://ServerName:1220/
using your browser. Username and password is “admin” and “admin”, respectively as the
following figure.
Step-09 : First logging, the user will be requested to set some configuration as the following figures.
<I> Specify a MP3 Broadcast password..

<II> This will enable encryption between the administration server and the web client.

<III> Specify the location of your media folder. By default this is /usr/local/movies/”.

<IV> To allow streaming on port 80 (the same as Apache), then check the box.
Click on "Finish" to end the configuration.

Once you have finished configuring your streaming server, you will see the following page, which is a
snapshot of your streaming server, and the administrative control panel of your streaming server :

In main page, you could change configures.
(1). The「General Settings」page. It can let user to change “Media Directory” or change administrator’s
password.

(2). To enable the port for passing through firewall/NAT.

The following figure shows pre-installed testing video files under the Media Directory:
3.4 Invoking DSS
In console, to execute this command :
sudo /usr/local/sbin/DarwinStreamingServer

To check if DSS is invoked, executing following commands :
netstat -ntulp | grep 554
and
ps -aux | grep Darwin
3.5 Important files and directories of the DSS
/usr/local/sbin/Darwin Streaming Server Server Software
/usr/local/sbin/streamingadminserver.pl Web Frontend
/etc/streaming Configuration Dir
/etc/streaming/streamingserver.xml Configuration File Server
/var/streaming/logs Logs
/usr/local/movies Default directory for video files
Then, the file /etc/streaming/streamingserver.xml must be given write privledges, otherwise no
configuration can be saved :
#> sudo chmod 755 /etc/streaming/streamingserver.xml

4. FFServer - FFmpeg Streaming server
The FFmpeg project is made of several components:
ffmpeg A command line tool to convert one video file format to another. It also supports grabbing and
encoding in real time from a TV card.
ffserver An HTTP (RTSP is being developed) multimedia streaming server for live broadcasts. Time
shifting of live broadcast is also supported.
ffplay A simple media player based on SDL and on the FFmpeg libraries.
libavcodec A library containing all the FFmpeg audio/video encoders and decoders. Most codecs were
developed from scratch to ensure best performance and high code reusability.
libavformat A library containing demuxers and muxers for audio/video container formats.
libavutil A helper library containing routines common to different parts of FFmpeg.
libpostproc A library containing video postprocessing routines.
libswscale A library containing video image scaling routines.
FFserver receives prerecorded files or FFM streams from some ffmpeg instance as input, then streams them
over HTTP/RTSP/RTP.
An ffserver instance will listen on some port as specified in the configuration file. You can launch one or more
instances of ffmpeg (FFmpeg video converter) and send one or more FFM streams to the port where ffserver
is expecting to receive them. Alternately, you can make ffserver launch such ffmpeg instances at startup.
4.1 FFmpeg Configuration File
Input streams are called feeds, and each one is specified by a <Feed> section in the configuration file.
For each feed you can have different output streams in various formats, each one specified by a <Stream>
section in the configuration file.
AVI
ASF
FLV
SWF(Macromedia Shockwave Flash)
Matroska
MPEG-TS
HTTP (default port : 8090)
RTSP (default port : 5454)

UDP
RTP
4.4. Setup
Step-01: Install “ffmpeg” package using APT.
After installing “ffmpeg” package, you can use “ffserver” and “ffmpeg” commands under console.
Step-02 : Furthermore, to finish streaming configuration.
<I> HTTP Streaming
The following is an example of setting HTTP streaming :

[Feed Section]
[Stream Section]
After writing Ffserver configuration file, execute the commands :
#> ffserver -f /DirectoryContainingConfigurationFile/ffserver.conf &
#> ffmpeg -i /home/william/QAD-media-files/test.mpg http://localhost:8090/feed1.ffm
<Feed feed1.ffm>
# You can specify the maximum size of the feed,
# where zero means unlimited. Default:
FileMaxSize 200K
# Only allow connections from localhost to the feed.
ACL allow 127.0.0.1
</Feed>
<Stream test1.mpg>
# coming from live feed 'feed1'
Feed feed1.ffm
# Format of the stream
Format mpeg
# Bitrate for the audio stream. Codecs usually support only a few
# different bitrates.
AudioBitRate 32
# Number of audio channels: 1 = mono, 2 = stereo
AudioChannels 1
# Sampling frequency for audio. When using low bitrates, you should
# lower this frequency to 22050 or 11025. The supported frequencies
# depend on the selected audio codec.
AudioSampleRate 44100
# Bitrate for the video stream
VideoBitRate 64
# Ratecontrol buffer size
VideoBufferSize 40
# Number of frames per second
VideoFrameRate 3
# Size of the video frame
VideoSize 160x128
</Stream>

<II> RTSP Streaming
The following is an example of setting RTSP streaming :
Step-03 : Client setup for
[HTTP]
http://FFserverIP:8090/test1.mpg
[RTSP]
rtsp:// FFserverIP:5454/test1-rtsp.mpg
The filename in URL is the one specified in <stream> tag.
Step-04 : FFserver supports an HTTP interface which exposes the current status of the server. Simply
point your browser to the address of the special status stream specified in the configuration file.
For example if you have :
then the server will post a page with the status information when the special stream status.html is requested
as the following figure :
# RTSP examples
# You can access this stream with the RTSP URL:
# rtsp://localhost:5454/test1-rtsp.mpg
# A non-standard RTSP redirector is also created. Its URL is:
# http://localhost:8090/test1-rtsp.rtsp
#RTSPPort 5454
<Stream test1-rtsp.mpg>
Format rtp
File "/home/william/QAD-media-files/test1.mpg"
</Stream>
<Stream status.html>
Format status
# Only allow local people to get the status
ACL allow localhost
ACL allow 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255
</Stream>

Tips
1. When you connect to a live stream, most players (WMP, RA, etc) want to buffer a certain number of
seconds of material so that they can display the signal continuously. However, ffserver (by default) starts
sending data in realtime.
This means that there is a pause of a few seconds while the buffering is being done by the player. The good
news is that this can be cured by adding a '?buffer=5' to the end of the URL. This means that the stream
should start 5 seconds in the past --and so the first 5 seconds of the stream are sent as fast as the network
will allow. It will then slow down to real time. This noticeably improves the startup experience.
You can also add a 'Preroll 15' statement into the ffserver.conf that will add the 15 second prebuffering
on all requests that do not otherwise specify a time. In addition, ffserver will skip frames until a key_frame
is found. This further reduces the startup delay by not transferring data that will be discarded.
2. You may want to adjust the MaxBandwidth in the ffserver.conf to limit the amount of bandwidth
consumed by live streams.
The streams specified in
configuration file using <>

5. Flumotion Streaming Server
Flumotion is a streaming server product developed by Fluendo, and is written in Python and based on the
multimedia framework Gstreamer and Twisted.
Flumotion hastwo forms of streaming content: Live streaming and On-Demand streaming. For instance, a
radio station might want to broadcast their audio live over the Internet, simultaneously as it is broadcast via
FM radio. However, that same radio station might like to provide ondemand access to the archive of their
recorded content.
It can from Ogg / Vorbis / Theora files.
ASF
QuickTime
Ogg
OGM
Matroska
MP4
HTTP
5.3. Setup
When it is going to Flumotion as a multiformat streaming server, it will need at least「gst-plugins-base
0.10.25」,「gst-plugins-good 0.10.17」and「gst-plugins-bad 0.10.14」, some of which are yet due to be
released.
Step-01 : For Ubuntu Hardy, to add the following line into APT source list file,「/etc/apt/sources.list」:
deb http://www.flumotion.net/pkg/ubuntu hardy main
Step-02 : To install flumotion, type the following commands :
apt-get update && apt-get install flumotion
Step-03 : Install Flumotion using APT

Step-04 : Add yourself to the flumotion group:
sudo adduser <Username> flumotion
Step-05 : Make the /etc/flumotion directory readable:
sudo chmod a+x /etc/flumotion
Step-06 : In the configuration file, add the following tag for streaming files.
When it progress installation, it may show the window to ask the user input some data to create a
certificate for SSL.
<component name="loop-producer-high" type="loop-producer" worker="demo1-looper">
<property name="framerate">25/2</property>
<property name="height">284</property>
<property name="width">352</property>
<property name="location">/srv/flumotion/moto.ogg</property>
</component>

Step-06 : To start Flumotion, choose the
「Application -> Sound & Video -> Flumotion Streaming Server Administration」
menu item on your panel. :
Starting the Configuration Assistant

Start to connect to Flumotion Manager
Starting a new Manager and Worker

The Configuration Assistant's Production Page, Showing Test Inputs
We don't need to change anything on the remaining pages, so you can now continue to click
Forward until you reach the last page.
You will pass pages for Test Video Producer settings, Overlay settings, Test Audio Producer settings,
Encoding settings, Theora Encoder settings, Vorbis Encoder settings, Consumption settings (streaming
or saving to disk), HTTP Streaming settings, HTTP Streaming (Audio & Video) settings, Content
License settings, and then the Summary page.

Connected Users Status
[Tips]
1. For streaming files, not all file formats can be streamed on demand, because they require client players to
download the entire file to obtain enough information for the client to start playing. For instance, files
using the AVI container (usually with an .avi extension) cannot be streamed on demand.

Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP)
The Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) is an application-level protocol, and establishes and controls either
a single or several time-synchronized streams of continuous media such as audio and video.
RTSP does not typically deliver the continuous streams itself; the delivery mechanisms are based solely on
RTP.
No file will be saved in the disk of end user. The streamed media will be played back on the fly when it
reach the remote end through network.
The idea in RTSP is that it acts as a "network remote control" for multimedia servers.
RTSP URL is in form「rtsp://media.example.com:554/twister/audiotrack」, where
* rtsp:// is the identifier for TCP rtsp scheme (rtspu:// is used for UDP scheme)
* 554 is the assumed port(default port) for Real-Time Streaming Protocol
* twister is the name of the presentation
* audiotrack is the name of certain stream in the presentation (this is optional)
RTSP supports below features :
RTP packets can stream over UDP or over TCP. If the client can tolerate packet loss, streaming over UDP
can be more efficient than TCP because UDP does not incur the overhead of retransmitting lost packets.
The encapsulation of Advanced Streaming Format (ASF) packets in RTP is proprietary.
Streaming with RTSP fails if a firewall separates the client and server, and the firewall blocks the ports
and protocols that RTSP uses. This problem is especially common with home Internet gateways. Even if
the gateway has a built-in RTSP NAT, streaming might fail at times.
RTSP has the overhead of requiring multiple requests before playback can begin. However, the client
can pipeline many of these requests and send them over a single TCP connection, in which case WMP
does not need to block waiting for a response.
The biggest issue with RTSP is that the protocol or its necessary ports may be blocked by routers or firewall
settings, preventing a device from accessing the stream. As the standard protocol for the Web, though, HTTP
is generally accessible.

HTTP Streaming
This is the simplest and cheapest way to stream video from a website. This way is also called Serverless
Streaming or Pseudo Streaming.
When a media file is playing, it is progressively downloading media file via HTTP.
To Create HTTP Streaming Video
1. Create a video file in a common streaming media format.
2. Upload the file to your web server.
3. Make a simple hyperlink to the video file, or use special HTML tags to embed the video in a web page.
Limitations of HTTP streaming
1. HTTP streaming is a good option for websites with modest traffic, i.e. less than about a dozen people
viewing at the same time. For heavier traffic a more serious streaming solution should be considered.
2. You can't stream live video, since the HTTP method only works with complete files stored on the server.
3. You can't automatically detect the end user's connection speed using HTTP. If you want to create different
versions for different speeds, you need to create a separate file for each speed.
4. HTTP streaming is not as efficient as other methods and will incur a heavier server load.

Comparison between Streaming and Progressive
Downloading Media
Q : What is the difference between streaming video and making video available for progressive download?
Which is preferred?
A :
* The basic difference between streaming video and making it available for progressive downloads is the
server used to deliver the content, the time it takes to deliver the content and whether or not a copy of the
content stays on the user's machine.
* When video is streamed, it is delivered from a streaming media server and is played on the computer using a
particular piece of software, such as Windows Media, Real Player or Quicktime. This all occurs rapidly
(depending on the speed of the Internet connection and the user's processor). The file remains on the server
and is not transferred to the viewer's computer. Events can be streamed live and / or can be archived for
later viewing. The url for files hosted on media server may begin with rtsp:// or mms://.
* If a file is made available for progressive download, a copy of the file is transferred to the user's computer.
The viewer may in some cases begin to start viewing it when the download begins, but will not be able to
fast forward or see the whole video until the download is complete. Files for progressive downloads use a
regular Web server with a url beginning with http://. Because video files are generally large, this can take
a long time. The benefit of a progressive download for video is the quality can be higher; the benefit of
progressive downloads for audio is the content can be saved to an individuals iPod or other mp3 player and
listened to at their leisure.
* Vanderbilt University prefers streaming for video, particularly longer videos, as it is much faster than
progressive download and the concern about the alteration or misuse of Vanderbilt videos is greatly reduced
as the content remains on the Vanderbilt media server.

Streamable Media File
Every streamable media file must have the most important information – Hint Track.
Hint Track instructs the streaming server to pick media data, encapsulate into packet and then put it onto
network.
A streaming server just follows instructions provided by Hint Track without knowing the content of the
streamable media file.
The informations Hint Track provides are put into SDP(Session Description Protocol) in RTSP payload.
These informations include codec type, media file header, RTP payload type, the playbacking time, etc.
MP4 file without Hint Track
MP4 file with Hint Track
1. MP4
1.1. What is MP4?
MP4 is a container and streamable format. As any other container format like AVI (.avi), RealMedia
(.rm, .rmvb), QuickTime (.mov), MPEG (.mpg, .mpeg), Matroska (.mkv, .mka), OGM (.ogm) it allows you
to combine different multimedia streams (mostly audio and video) into one single file.
MP4 is a file extension for the container format defined in the Systems Part of the MPEG-4 standard (ISO
14496-1).

MP4 supports all kinds of multimedia content (multiple audio streams, video streams, subtitle streams,
pictures) and advanced content (called "Rich Media" or "BIFS") like 2D and 3D graphics, user
interactivity, DVD-like menus.
1.2. MP4 file extensions
MP4 files can have the following extensions:
* .mp4 - official extension
* .m4v - .mp4 files with the WRONG extension introduced by Apple for video+audio files, .m4v can be
safely renamed to .mp4 (.m4v is used in Apple iTunes and iPod)
* .m4a - .mp4 files with the WRONG extension introduced by Apple for audio-only files, .m4a can
safely be renamed to .mp4
* .m4p - used by Apple iTunes for DRM protected files
* .m4e - renamed .sdp files used by Envivio for streaming
* .m4v, .mp4v, .cmp, .divx, .xvid, .264 - normally raw mpeg-4 video streams (not inside MP4)
* .3gp, .3g2 - used by mobile phones, can also include content not defined for .mp4 (H.263, AMR)
2. How To Add Hint Track into MP4 & 3GP Files?
2.1 MP4 Files
2.1.1) Apple and MPEG4IP offer nice and free tools when it comes to streaming MP4: As a streaming
server you can use Apple's Darwin Streaming Server. For live streaming you can use mp4live from
MPEG4IP (only for Linux), on Windows you can use MPEGRecorder (which seems to be a port of
mp4live). Also have a look at the tools from ViTooKi (opensource Streaming Server, Player and other tools).
Another free and opensource MP4 streaming server is available from Catra. For MAC you may use Live
Channel.
2.1.2) MP4Box is a MP4 multiplexer and a command line tool. It can import MPEG-4 video, DivX, XviD,
3ivx, h264 etc, audio streams and subtitles into the .mp4 container. The end result is a compliant MP4
stream. It can also extract streams from a .mp4. MP4Box is a command line tool, but can be used with
graphical user interfaces such as YAMB.
With AAC audio, it should use LATM(Low-overhead MPEG-4 Audio Transport Multiplex) RTP payload
type :
MP4Box.exe -hint -latm XXX.mp4
Others :
MP4Box.exe -hint XXX.mp4
2.2 3GP Files
MP4Box commands for 3GP files with A/V codec :
<I> AMR+H263
MP4Box.exe –hint -3gp XXX.3gp

<II> AAC+MP4
MP4Box.exe -hint -latm XXX.3gp

RTP Payload Type for Streaming Media
Codec Type RFC
H.263 Video http://www.potaroo.net/ietf/rfc/PDF/rfc2429.pdf
H.264 Video http://www.potaroo.net/ietf/rfc/PDF/rfc3984.pdf
MPEG-4 Audio/Visual
bitstreams
Video http://www.potaroo.net/ietf/rfc/PDF/rfc3016.pdf
AAC, LC and LTP Audio http://www.potaroo.net/ietf/rfc/PDF/rfc3016.pdf
AMR-NB AMR-WB Audio http://www.potaroo.net/ietf/rfc/PDF/rfc3267.pdf

SHOUTcast – A Streaming Audio Tech
SHOUTcast is server software for streaming media developed by Nullsoft (whoes most famous product is
Winamp MP3 player). It allows digital audio content, primarily in MP3 or HE-AAC format, to be broadcast
to and from media player software, enabling hobbyists and professionals to create Internet radio networks. It
is cross-platform, and freeware.
It consists of a client-server model, with each component communicating via a network protocol that
intermingles audio data with metadata such as song titles and the station name. It uses HTTP as a transport
protocol, although multicast is another option.
Shoutcast servers are usually linked to by means of playlist files, which are small text files (usually with
extensions .pls or .m3u) that contain the URL of the ShoutCast server. An attempt to visit that URL in a
normal Web browser will usually result in a ShoutCast status page.
For Android
Quoted from a post on Internet:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Android （這裡使用的是 1.5）透過一個叫做 android.media.MediaPlayer 的類別來提供撥放串流影音或
本地端影音檔的功能。不過，眾所皆知的，它支援的串流協定以及 codec，相當的有限。我想，這一點
在現在及未來，肯定會受到相當多開發者的注目以及戮力加強。
本文提到的是解決一個特定問題的方式，想解決的是在 Android 上撥放 SHOUTCAST MP3 stream。許
多網路音樂串流都是採用 SHOUTCAST MP3 stream 的方式，但即使 Android 支援了 HTTP 以及 MP3，
而且 SHOUTCAST MP3 stream 的內容幾乎就是 MP3 stream，但透過內建的 MediaPlayer，你仍然無法
撥放。這原因當然是因為 MediaPlayer 沒有處理 SHOUTCAST，即使 SHOUTCAST 的協定和 HTTP 是
那麼的相像。
由於我才接觸 Android 數日，可以說是對 Android 還相當的陌生，不知道除了走原生程式碼這條路外，
還有沒有別的方法（之前有想過，直接處理 SHOUTCAST 協定再自行 decode MP3，但似乎沒有內建的
MP3 decode 介面，或許有 Android 高手可以指點一下），所以設計了一個機制，在不寫任何原生程式碼
的情況下，讓 MediaPlayer 能處理 SHOUTCAST MP3 stream。
這個機制的核心想法是這樣樣子的－放置一個 HTTP proxy 介於 MediaPlayer 與 SHOUTCAST server
之間（當然 HTTP proxy 也跑在你的 Android 應用程式之中），這個 HTTP proxy 一手接收 MediaPlayer
的單純 HTTP 請求，另一邊則扮演一個 SHOUTCAST client，接收 SHOUTCAST server 回傳的內容，並
且依據 SHOUTCAST 協定，將回傳內容中的 MP3 stream 剖析出來，回傳給另一邊的 MediaPlayer。
今天實驗了一下，這個機制的確能夠讓 MediaPlayer 撥放 SHOUTCAST 的網路音訊串流。大抵的精神
如上所描述，不過細節處還不少。最重要的大概就是怎麼處理 MediaPlayer 的 HTTP 請求。MediaPlayer
基本上是兩個請求就搞定，一個是 HEAD 一個是 GET。透過 HEAD 它可以判斷究竟是否支援，再透過
接下來的 GET 取得真正的內容。當然，針對這兩個請求，Content-Type 都會是 audio/mpeg，而且千萬

不要忘了（或故意不）提供 Content-Length（因為是串流，所以，請給個超大的值），否則 MediaPlayer
在 prepare 的時候就會失敗了。

References
01. Video Lan
Document : http://wiki.videolan.org/Documentation:Documentation
VLC Knowledge : http://wiki.videolan.org/Knowledge_Base
VLC Streaming HowTo :http://wiki.videolan.org/Documentation:Streaming_HowTo
VLC Capability : http://www.videolan.org/vlc/features.html
Streaming Capability : http://www.videolan.org/streaming-features.html
How to stream on a VLC : http://www.ehow.com/how_5143120_stream-vlc.html
Android VLC Remote : http://code.google.com/p/android-vlc-remote/
02. LIVE555 Media Server
http://www.live555.com/mediaServer/
03. Darwin Streaming Server
Main site : http://dss.macosforge.org/
Apple site introducing DSS : http://developer.apple.com/opensource/server/streaming/index.html
DSS-6.03 Install :
http://www.xtreamlab.net/howtos/broadcast/servers/darwin/howto_setup_darwin_streaming_server_on_lin
ux.html
DSS-6.03 Install in another way :
http://cwshep.blogspot.com/2008/08/darwin-streaming-server-603-on-linux.html
DSS Installation and Setup in regular Chinese : http://blog.xuite.net/hsunet0122/life/25320249
04. FFServer - FFMpeg Streaming Server
Ffmpeg Wiki : http://wiki.multimedia.cx/index.php?title=Libavcodec
05. Flumotion
Official Site : http://www.flumotion.net/
Source Code Download Site : http://www.flumotion.net/src/flumotion/
Introduction to Flumotion Commands :
http://blog.gingertech.net/2006/08/02/running-flumotion-on-ubuntu/
Q&A :
https://code.fluendo.com/flumotion/trac/wiki/FAQ#when-starting-flumotion-manager-i-get-error-pem-file-e
tc-flumotion-default-pem-does-not-exist
06. To Add Ubuntu Universe and Multiverse Repository
http://www.ubuntugeek.com/how-to-enable-the-universe-and-multiverse-repositories-in-ubuntu-804-hardy.
html
07. Stream Server Passing through NAT/Firewall
http://soundscreen.com/streaming/firewall.html

08. Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP)
Specification : http://www.potaroo.net/ietf/rfc/PDF/rfc2326.pdf
http://www.tml.tkk.fi/Studies/Tik-110.300/1998/Essays/rtsp.html
http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/~hgs/rtsp/
http://www.javvin.com/protocolRTSP.html
09. Session Description Protocol (SDP)
Specification : http://www.potaroo.net/ietf/rfc/PDF/rfc2327.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Session_Description_Protocol
10. Streamable Media Files
http://forum.doom9.org/archive/index.php/t-91113.html
http://all-streaming-media.com/streaming-media-faq/faq-mp4-streaming.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_14
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_base_media_file_format
11. MP4IP
http://karmak.org/archive/2003/05/encoding.html
http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20080713184940503/MPEG4IP.html
12. MP4Box
Official Site : http://gpac.sourceforge.net/doc_mp4box.php
Ubuntu Manual : http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/intrepid/man1/mp4box.1.html
13. SHOUTcast
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHOUTcast

Streaming Media Server Setup Manual

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