![ A string is a sequence of character that is treated
as a single data item.
String is represented as a CHARACTER ARRAY.
Declaration of string
Syntax:- char string_name[length];
Example:- char name[5];
This example declares an array name
which can store at the most 5
characters.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/string-171016142744/85/String-Computer-programming-and-utilization-2-320.jpg)
![ Character array can be initialiized in two ways- as
individual character or as single string.
Example:-
Char greet[10]= {‘h’, ’e, ’l’, ‘l’, ‘o’, ‘!’};
Char greet[10]=“hello!”;
Char greet[]=“hello!”;
The compiler automatically stores the null
character at the end of the string. Memory
representation of char greet[]=“hello!”; is as
follows:
h e l l o ! 0](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/string-171016142744/85/String-Computer-programming-and-utilization-3-320.jpg)
String (Computer programming and utilization)
- 2. A string is a sequence of character that is treated as a single data item. String is represented as a CHARACTER ARRAY. Declaration of string Syntax:- char string_name[length]; Example:- char name[5]; This example declares an array name which can store at the most 5 characters.
- 3. Character array can be initialiized in two ways- as individual character or as single string. Example:- Char greet[10]= {‘h’, ’e, ’l’, ‘l’, ‘o’, ‘!’}; Char greet[10]=“hello!”; Char greet[]=“hello!”; The compiler automatically stores the null character at the end of the string. Memory representation of char greet[]=“hello!”; is as follows: h e l l o ! 0
- 4. We are familiar with two standard function for reading input and writing output – scanf() and printf() respectively. These functions with format specifiers %c and %s can be used for input and output of characters and strings. The example given in the next slide.
- 5. Ex:- char color {6}; Scanf(“%c”, & color); // reading char Scanf(“%s”, & color); // reading string printf(“%c”, & color); // writing char printf(“%s”, & color); // writing string WE have seen other I/o functions for character and string – getchar,putchar,gets,puts in the chapter 2.
- 6. Strlen(s1):- Return the length of the string s1 excluding the null character. Strlwr(s1):- Convert the string s1 to lower case. Strcat(s1,s2):- Appends a copy of string s2 to end of s1 and terminates s1 with a null and a return s1. Strcmp(s1,s2):- Compress s1 and s2 and returns –ve if s1<s2 , +ve if s1>s2 , 0 if s1=s2.
- 7. Strcpy(s1,s2):- copies the string s2 into s1,modifying the string s1. Strcmpi(s1,s2):- Compress s1 and s2 ignoring the case and return similar result as strcmp. Strncmp(s1,s2,n):- compress the first n character of string s1 and s2 and return similar result as strcmp. Strupr(s1):- Convert the string s1 to uppercase.
- 8. Strchr(s1,c):- Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of the character c in string s1. Strrchr(s1,c):- Returns a pointer to the last occurrence of the character c in string s1. Strstr(s1,s2):- Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of the string s2 in string s1. Strrev(s1):- Returns the reverse string of string s1.
- 9. Strtok(s1,s2):- Searches s1 for tokens that are separated by delimiters specified in s2. Returns the pointer to first char to first token in s1. Steset(s1,c):- Sets all characters in string s1 to character c and quites when null character is detected. Strnset(s1,c,n):- Sets the first char in string s1 to char c and quits when nill char is detected. Sscanf:- Divided lines into tokens.