strong6_ppt_ch03
- 1. Chapter Three Female Sexual Anatomy
- 2. Female Sex Organs: What Are They for? Reproductive function Attract partners Provide pleasure Some anatomical issues remain unresolved
- 3. External Structures: The Vulva Mons pubis Clitoris Labia majora Labia minora
- 4. Mons Pubis Latin for pubic mound The pad of fatty tissue Pubic hair Sensitive to stimulation
- 5. Clitoris: Glans Clitoris Contains a high concentration of nerve endings Covered by hood when not engorged Erectile Sensitive to stimulation Structurally analogous to penis
- 6. Clitoris Erectile internal structure Two 3.5” long branches called crura Crura contain two corpora cavernosa : hollow chambers that fill with blood and swell during arousal Orgasmic Enlarges initially, then retracts beneath hood just before and during orgasm Follows same pattern with repeated orgasms, though swelling is less pronounced
- 7. Labia Majora Two folds of spongy flesh extending from the mons pubis toward the perineum May have hair present Contain a significant concentration of nerve endings
- 8. Labia Minora Small folds within the labia majora that meet above the clitoris to form the clitoral hood Significant variation in appearance Contain a significant concentration of nerve endings Swell during sexual arousal Enclose the vestibule
- 9. Internal Structures Vagina Cervix Uterus Fallopian tubes Ovaries
- 10. Vagina Two reproductive functions: Encompasses penis during coitus (vaginal intercourse) Birth canal 3” to 5” inches in length Introitus: the lower third of the vagina The majority vaginal nerve endings Hymen: thin membrane that partially covers introitus Grafenberg Spot (G-spot) An erotically sensitive area on front wall of the vagina mid-way between pubic bone and cervix Female ejaculation
- 11. Uterus Hollow, thick-walled muscular organ Accommodates developing fetus during pregnancy Approximately 3” by 3” in women who have not given birth Endometrium : inner lining Menstruation: removal of the endometrium Cervix: the tapered end of the uterus, extends and opens into the vagina
- 12. Ovaries Gonads that produce gametes Produce egg cells (oocytes; ova) for reproduction Two ovaries; size and shape of large almonds Ovaries release oocytes in a process called ovulation
- 13. Fallopian Tubes Also known as uterine tubes Extend toward ovary Fimbriae: fingerlike projections that do not connect to the ovary Pathway for ovum to reach the uterus
- 14. Other Structures Urethra: tube through which urine passes Urethral opening Perineum: area between genitals and anus Pelvic floor
- 15. Other Structures Anus: opening of rectum Contains two sphincters (circular muscles that open and close like valves) Dense supply of nerve endings The lining of the rectum is fragile In anal sex play, care must be taken not to rupture the delicate tissues Condom and Lubrication
- 16. Breasts Reproductive function of female breasts is to nourish offspring through lactation Composed of fatty tissue and 15-25 lobes that radiate around a central nipple Areola: the ring of darkened skin around nipple Nipples erect in response to stimulation, cold, or sexual arousal Women differ in the breast stimulation they find pleasurable
- 17. Female Sexual Physiology: Reproductive Hormones Hormones: chemical substances that serve as messengers Sources: Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovary Gonadotropin releasing hormones are from the hypothalamus and regulate the release of hormones from the pituitary
- 18. Pituitary Gonadotropins Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH): stimulates the follicle to mature Luteinizing hormone (LH): triggers the rupture of the follicle Gonadotropins have an effect upon the gonads
- 19. Ovarian Hormones Estrogens: stimulate maturation of reproductive organs, menstruation, and pregnancy Progesterone: helps maintain the uterine lining during pregnancy
- 20. Female Sexual Physiology: Reproductive Hormones Hormone Where Produced Functions Estrogen ovaries, adrenal glands Promotes maturation of reproductive placenta during pregnancy organs, development during puberty, regulates menstrual cycle, pregnancy Progesterone ovaries, adrenal glands Promotes breast development, maintains uterine lining, regulates menstrual cycle, sustains pregnancy Gonadotropin- hypothalamus Promotes maturation of gonads, Releasing hormone (GnRH) regulates menstrual cycle Follicle-stimulating pituitary Regulates ovarian function and hormone (FSH) maturation of ovarian follicles
- 21. Female Sexual Physiology: Reproductive Hormones Hormone Where Produced Functions Luteinizing pituitary Assists in production of estrogen and hormone (LH) progesterone, regulates maturation of ovarian follicles, triggers ovulation Human chorionic embryo and placenta Helps sustain pregnancy gonadotropin (HCG) Testosterone adrenal glands and ovaries Helps stimulate sexual interest Oxytocin hypothalamus stimulates uterine contractions in childbirth Prolactin pituitary stimulates milk production Prostaglandins all body cells mediate hormone response, stimulate muscle contractions
- 22. The Ovarian Cycle Cycle averages 28 days Normal cycles last between 21 and 40 days Generally results in ovulation in only one ovary per month If two eggs are released: Fraternal twins Ovaries typically alternate
- 23. The Ovarian Cycle 3 Phases of the ovary Follicular phase: Days 1-10 Hormones signal 10 to 20 follicles to grow on ovaries; Estrogen matures one oocyte Ovulatory phase: Days 11-14 Oocyte undergoes cell division; Follicle wall thins and ruptures; Oocyte enters abdominal cavity near fimbrae of fallopian tube Luteal phase: Days 14-28 Estrogen levels drop; egg travels through fallopian tube towards uterus
- 24. The Menstrual Cycle 3 Phases of the uterine cycle Menstrual phase (about 3-5 days) Endometrium is shed Endometrial tissue, mucous, other secretions, and 2-5 oz. blood is expelled through vagina Proliferative phase (about 9 days) Endometrium thickens, clear thin mucus secreted Ends with ovulation Secretory phase (14 days) endometrium prepares for arrival of fertilized ovum If no fertilization, ends with shedding of endometrium
- 25. Menstrual products Disposable products Pads and panty liners Tampons Reuseable products Menstrual cups Pads Sponges
- 26. Menstrual variations Emotional, physical, or behavioral changes Pre Menstrual Symptoms Menstrual dysphoric disorder Dysmenorrhea Amenorrhea Menorrhagia
- 27. Sexuality and the Menstrual Cycle Research inconclusive between desire and cycle Taboo on sex during menstruation Societal Religious Safety and STIs
- 28. Sexual response models Masters and Johnson Kaplan Loulan
- 29. Female Sexual Response Model Masters and Johnson 4 Phase Model: excitement plateau orgasm resolution
- 30. Female Sexual Response Model Kaplan’s Tri-Phasic Model Desire Excitement Orgasm
- 31. Female Sexual Response Model Loulan’s Sexual Response Model: Incorporates biological and affective dimensions Willingness Desire Excitement Engorgement Orgasm Pleasure
- 32. Desire: Mind or Matter? A complex interaction between The neural system Hormones Occurs throughout many parts of the body
- 33. Experiencing Sexual Arousal Vasocongestion Myotonia Vaginal Sweating Tenting Labia may enlarge or flatten and separate Sex flush Clitoris swells Breathing and heart rate increase Nipples become erect, breasts may enlarge Uterus elevates
- 34. Orgasm As excitement increases Clitoris retracts beneath clitoral hood Vaginal opening decreases by about 1/3 Orgasmic platform Continued stimulation brings orgasm: Rhythmic contractions Pleasure
- 35. Summary Female sex organs Sexual physiology Sexual response