Structured query language presentation.pptx

UNDERSTANDING
SQL (STRUCTURED
QUERY
LANGUAGE)
The Foundation
of Relational
Databases

INTRODUCTION TO
SQL
SQL stands for Structured
Query Language.
It is used to interact with
relational databases.
SQL is a standard
language for querying and
managing data. Visuals: A
simple table or database
diagram.

HISTORY OF SQL
Developed in the 1970s at IBM by
Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond
F. Boyce.
First implemented as "SEQUEL".
Became a standard by ANSI in
1986 and ISO in 1987.
Widely adopted by database
management systems like MySQL,
PostgreSQL, Oracle, and Microsoft
SQL Server. Visuals: Timeline with
key milestones.
3

Key Features of
SQL
Data Manipulation: Insert, update, delete, and
retrieve data.
Data Definition: Create and modify database
structures.
Data Control: Manage permissions and access.
Transaction Management: Ensure data integrity.
Visuals: Icons for each feature (e.g., table, lock,
transaction).
re

TYPES OF SQL
COMMANDS
DDL (Data Definition Language): Create, alter, drop
tables.
DML (Data Manipulation Language): Insert, update,
delete data.
DQL (Data Query Language): Retrieve data using
SELECT.
DCL (Data Control Language): Grant and revoke
permissions.
TCL (Transaction Control Language): Commit, rollback,
and save transactions. Visuals: Table or flowchart
5

SQL SYNTAX
BASICS
6
•SELECT: Retrieve data from a
table.
•SYNTAX: SELECT
column_name FROM
table_name;
•INSERT: Add new records to
a table.
•SYNTAX:INSERT INTO
table_name (column1,
column2) VALUES (value1,
•UPDATE: Modify existing
records.
•SYNTAX: UPDATE
table_name SET column1 =
value1 WHERE condition;
•DELETE: Remove records.
•SYNTAX: DELETE FROM
table_name WHERE
condition;

DATA TYPES IN
SQL
7
Numeric: INT, FLOAT, DECIMAL.
String: CHAR, VARCHAR, TEXT.
Date/Time: DATE, TIME,
DATETIME.
Boolean: TRUE, FALSE. Visuals:
Table summarizing the data
types.

SQL JOINS
INNER JOIN: MATCHES ROWS WITH RELATED
DATA IN BOTH TABLES.
LEFT JOIN: INCLUDES ALL ROWS FROM THE
LEFT TABLE AND MATCHING ROWS FROM THE
RIGHT.
RIGHT JOIN: INCLUDES ALL ROWS FROM THE
RIGHT TABLE AND MATCHING ROWS FROM
THE LEFT.
FULL JOIN: COMBINES ROWS WHEN THERE IS
A MATCH IN EITHER TABLE. VISUALS:
DIAGRAMS SHOWING THE LOGIC OF EACH
JOIN TYPE.

SQL CONSTRAINTS
9
1. Primary Key: Uniquely identifies each record.
2. Foreign Key: Establishes relationships between tables.
3. Unique: Ensures all values in a column are different.
4. Not Null: Prevents null values.
5. Check: Validates the values in a column. Visuals:
Example tables with constraints highlighted.

10
ADVANCED SQL FEATURES
1. Subqueries: Nested queries.
2. Views: Virtual tables based on SQL queries.
3. Stored Procedures: Predefined SQL queries.
4. Triggers: Automatic execution of SQL code.
Visuals: Flowchart showing how these
features interact.

11
REAL-WORLD APPLICATIONS OF SQL
1. E-commerce: Managing product catalogs and
customer data.
2. Banking: Handling transactions and account
information.
3. Healthcare: Storing patient records.
4. Social Media: Managing user profiles and
content. Visuals: Icons or screenshots of
applications.

12
CHALLENGES WITH SQL
1. Not suitable for unstructured data.
2. Complex queries can impact
performance.
3. Dependent on relational database
models. Visuals: Table comparing SQL
with NoSQL.

13
CONCLUSION
1. SQL remains a cornerstone of data
management.
2. It's versatile, powerful, and widely used
across industries.
3. Learning SQL is an essential skill for data
professionals. Visuals: Quote or
infographic summarizing SQL's

Structured query language presentation.pptx

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