structure,pointerandstring
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This document provides information on structures, pointers, and strings in C programming. It defines structures as collections of different data types that are grouped together, and pointers as variables that store memory addresses. Strings are defined as null-terminated arrays of characters. Examples are given for each that demonstrate how to declare, define, and use structures, pointers, and strings in C code. Contact information is also provided at the end for an online training company called Baabtra that offers programming courses.
![Example for structure
#include <stdio.h>
struct student
{
char name[50];
int roll;
float marks;
};
int main()
{
struct student s;
printf("Enter information of students:nn");
printf("Enter name: ");
scanf("%s",s.name);
printf("Enter roll number: ");
scanf("%d",&s.roll);
printf("Enter marks: ");
scanf("%f",&s.marks);](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/5structurepointerandstring-150101052046-conversion-gate02/85/structure-pointerandstring-6-320.jpg)
![Example for string
#include <stdio.h> OUTPUT
#include <string.h> strcpy( str3, str1) : Hello
int main () strcat( str1, str2): HelloWorld
{ strlen(str1) : 10
char str1[12] = "Hello";
char str2[12] = "World";
char str3[12];
int len ;
strcpy(str3, str1); // copy str1 into str3
printf("strcpy( str3, str1) : %sn", str3 );
strcat( str1, str2); // concatenates str1 and str2
printf("strcat( str1, str2): %sn", str1 );
len = strlen(str1); // total lenghth of str1 after concatenation
printf("strlen(str1) : %dn", len );
return 0;
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/5structurepointerandstring-150101052046-conversion-gate02/85/structure-pointerandstring-13-320.jpg)
structure,pointerandstring
- 3. Disclaimer: This presentation is prepared by trainees of baabtra as a part of mentoring program. This is not official document of baabtra –Mentoring Partner Baabtra-Mentoring Partner is the mentoring division of baabte System Technologies Pvt . Ltd
- 4. STRUCTURE • Structure is a collection of different data type which are grouped and each element in c structure is called members. • Structure help to construct a complex data type in more meaningful. • It is similar to an array. The only difference is that array is used to store collection of similar data type, but structure can store collection of any type of data.
- 5. Syntax of structure struct structure_name { data_type member1; data_type member2; . . data_type memeber; };
- 6. Example for structure #include <stdio.h> struct student { char name[50]; int roll; float marks; }; int main() { struct student s; printf("Enter information of students:nn"); printf("Enter name: "); scanf("%s",s.name); printf("Enter roll number: "); scanf("%d",&s.roll); printf("Enter marks: "); scanf("%f",&s.marks);
- 7. printf("nDisplaying Informationn"); printf("Name: %sn",s.name); printf("Roll: %dn",s.roll); printf("Marks: %.2fn",s.marks); return 0; } OUTPUT Enter information of students: Enter name: Anu Enter roll number: 1 Enter marks: 852 Displaying Information Name: Anu Roll: 1 Marks: 852
- 8. POINTER • Pointer is a user defined data type which creates special types of variables which can hold the address of primitive data type like char, int, float, double or user defined data type like function, pointer etc. or derived data type like array, structure etc. • The general form of a pointer variable declaration is: type *var-name;
- 9. NULL POINTER • It is always a good practice to assign a NULL value to a pointer variable in case you do not have exact address to be assigned. This is done at the time of variable declaration. • A pointer that is assigned NULL is called a null pointer. • The NULL pointer is a constant with a value of zero defined in several standard libraries
- 10. Example for pointer #include <stdio.h> int main () { int var = 20; // actual variable declaration int *ip; // pointer variable declaration ip = &var; // store address of var in pointer variable printf("Address of var variable: %xn", &var ); printf("Address stored in ip variable: %xn", ip ); // address stored in pointer variable printf("Value of *ip variable: %dn", *ip ); // access the value using the pointer return 0; } OUTPUT Address of var variable: 28ff18 Address stored in ip variable: 28ff18 Value of *ip variable: 20
- 11. STRING • The string in C programming language is actually a one- dimensional array of characters which is terminated by a null character '0'. • Thus a null-terminated string contains the characters that comprise the string followed by a null. • The length of the string is the number of character + one ( null character )
- 12. Functions & purpose of string S.N . Function & Purpose 1 strcpy(s1, s2); Copies string s2 into string s1. 2 strcat(s1, s2); Concatenates string s2 onto the end of string s1. 3 strlen(s1); Returns the length of string s1. 4 strcmp(s1, s2); Returns 0 if s1 and s2 are the same; less than 0 if s1<s2; greater than 0 if s1>s2. 5 strchr(s1, ch); Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of character ch in string s1. 6 strstr(s1, s2); Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of string s2 in string s1.
- 13. Example for string #include <stdio.h> OUTPUT #include <string.h> strcpy( str3, str1) : Hello int main () strcat( str1, str2): HelloWorld { strlen(str1) : 10 char str1[12] = "Hello"; char str2[12] = "World"; char str3[12]; int len ; strcpy(str3, str1); // copy str1 into str3 printf("strcpy( str3, str1) : %sn", str3 ); strcat( str1, str2); // concatenates str1 and str2 printf("strcat( str1, str2): %sn", str1 ); len = strlen(str1); // total lenghth of str1 after concatenation printf("strlen(str1) : %dn", len ); return 0; }
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