Subjective assignment ii of academic writing on engineering graphics
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This document provides an overview of orthographic projections in engineering graphics. It defines key terms like principal planes, views, and methods of projection. It explains how to project points, lines, planes and solids onto different reference planes. It also describes the first angle and third angle methods of projection and provides examples of projecting simple objects using these methods. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of the academic writing course for students in developing research skills like literature review, writing research papers and theses.
Subjective assignment ii of academic writing on engineering graphics
- 1. MOOC on ENGINEERING GRAPHICS (Subjective Assignment II of ACADEMIC WRITING (UGC)) Name: JONNALA SUBBA REDDY Course Name: ENGINEERING GRAPHICS Application Number: b7a9c261-7559-4dab-8ea4-77bce34e2f1b Affiliation: Lakireddy Bali Reddy College of Engineering, Mylavaram CC BY-SA-NC
- 2. Over view of Orthographic Projections • Orthographic Projections • Principle Planes • Views • Projections of Points • Projections of Lines • Projections of Planes • Projections of Solids • Conversion of Orthographic Projections to Isometric Projections, Vice Versa • Conclusion CC BY-SA-NC
- 3. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS: Horizontal Plane (HP), Vertical Frontal Plane ( VP ) Side Or Profile Plane ( PP) Planes. Pattern of planes & Pattern of views Methods of drawing Orthographic Projections Different Reference planes are FV is a view projected on VP. TV is a view projected on HP. SV is a view projected on PP. And Different Views are Front View (FV), Top View (TV) and Side View (SV) IMPORTANT TERMS OF ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS: IT IS A TECHNICAL DRAWING IN WHICH DIFFERENT VIEWS OF AN OBJECT ARE PROJECTED ON DIFFERENT REFERENCE PLANES OBSERVING PERPENDICULAR TO RESPECTIVE REFERENCE PLANE 1 2 3 CC BY-SA-NC
- 4. A.V.P. to Hp & to Vp PLANES PRINCIPAL PLANES HP AND VP AUXILIARY PLANES Auxiliary Vertical Plane (A.V.P.) Profile Plane ( P.P.) Auxiliary Inclined Plane (A.I.P.) 1 CC BY-SA-NC
- 5. THIS IS A PICTORIAL SET-UP OF ALL THREE PLANES. ARROW DIRECTION IS A NORMAL WAY OF OBSERVING THE OBJECT. BUT IN THIS DIRECTION ONLY VP AND A VIEW ON IT (FV) CAN BE SEEN. THE OTHER PLANES AND VIEWS ON THOSE CAN NOT BE SEEN. HP IS ROTATED DOWNWARD 900 AND BROUGHT IN THE PLANE OF VP. PP IS ROTATED IN RIGHT SIDE 900 AND BROUGHT IN THE PLANE OF VP. X Y X Y VP HP PP FV ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS OF ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS DRAWN IN FIRST ANGLE METHOD OF PROJECTIONS LSV TV PROCEDURE TO SOLVE ABOVE PROBLEM:- TO MAKE THOSE PLANES ALSO VISIBLE FROM THE ARROW DIRECTION, A) HP IS ROTATED 900 DOUNWARD B) PP, 900 IN RIGHT SIDE DIRECTION. THIS WAY BOTH PLANES ARE BROUGHT IN THE SAME PLANE CONTAINING VP. PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS (First Angle Method) 2 Click to view Animation On clicking the button if a warning comes please click YES to continue, this program is safe for your pc. CC BY-SA-NC
- 6. Methods of Drawing Orthographic Projections First Angle Projections Method Here views are drawn by placing object in 1st Quadrant ( Fv above X-y, Tv below X-y ) Third Angle Projections Method Here views are drawn by placing object in 3rd Quadrant. ( Tv above X-y, Fv below X-y ) FV TV X Y X Y G L TV FV SYMBOLIC PRESENTATION OF BOTH METHODS WITH AN OBJECT STANDING ON HP ( GROUND) ON IT’S BASE. 3 NOTE:- HP term is used in 1st Angle method & For the same Ground term is used in 3rd Angle method of projections CC BY-SA-NC
- 7. TO DRAW PROJECTIONS OF ANY OBJECT, ONE MUST HAVE FOLLOWING INFORMATION A) OBJECT { WITH IT’S DESCRIPTION, WELL DEFINED.} B) OBSERVER { ALWAYS OBSERVING PERPENDICULAR TO RESP. REF.PLANE}. C) LOCATION OF OBJECT, { MEANS IT’S POSITION WITH REFFERENCE TO H.P. & V.P.} TERMS ‘ABOVE’ & ‘BELOW’ WITH RESPECTIVE TO H.P. AND TERMS ‘INFRONT’ & ‘BEHIND’ WITH RESPECTIVE TO V.P FORM 4 QUADRANTS. OBJECTS CAN BE PLACED IN ANY ONE OF THESE 4 QUADRANTS. IT IS INTERESTING TO LEARN THE EFFECT ON THE POSITIONS OF VIEWS ( FV, TV ) OF THE OBJECT WITH RESP. TO X-Y LINE, WHEN PLACED IN DIFFERENT QUADRANT ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS OF POINTS, LINES, PLANES, AND SOLIDS. STUDY ILLUSTRATIONS GIVEN ON HEXT PAGES AND NOTE THE RESULTS.TO MAKE IT EASY HERE A POINT A IS TAKEN AS AN OBJECT. BECAUSE IT’S ALL VIEWS ARE JUST POINTS. CC BY-SA-NC
- 8. NOTATIONS FOLLOWING NOTATIONS SHOULD BE FOLLOWED WHILE NAMEING DIFFERENT VIEWS IN ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS. IT’S FRONT VIEW a’ a’ b’ SAME SYSTEM OF NOTATIONS SHOULD BE FOLLOWED INCASE NUMBERS, LIKE 1, 2, 3 – ARE USED. OBJECT POINT A LINE AB IT’S TOP VIEW a a b IT’S SIDE VIEW a” a” b” CC BY-SA-NC
- 9. X Y 1ST Quad.2nd Quad. 3rd Quad. 4th Quad. X Y VP HP Observer THIS QUADRANT PATTERN, IF OBSERVED ALONG X-Y LINE ( IN RED ARROW DIRECTION) WILL EXACTLY APPEAR AS SHOWN ON RIGHT SIDE AND HENCE, IT IS FURTHER USED TO UNDERSTAND ILLUSTRATION PROPERLLY. CC BY-SA-NC
- 10. HP VP a’ a A POINT A IN 1ST QUADRANT OBSERVER VP HP POINT A IN 2ND QUADRANT OBSERVER a’ a A OBSERVER a a’ POINT A IN 3RD QUADRANT HP VP A OBSERVER a a’ POINT A IN 4TH QUADRANT HP VP A Point A is Placed In different quadrants and it’s Fv & Tv are brought in same plane for Observer to see clearly. Fv is visible as it is a view on VP. But as Tv is is a view on Hp, it is rotated downward 900, In clockwise direction.The In front part of Hp comes below xy line and the part behind Vp comes above. Observe and note the process. CC BY-SA-NC
- 11. A a a’ A a a’ A a a’ X Y X Y X Y For Tv For Tv For Tv POINT A ABOVE HP & INFRONT OF VP POINT A IN HP & INFRONT OF VP POINT A ABOVE HP & IN VP PROJECTIONS OF A POINT IN FIRST QUADRANT. PICTORIAL PRESENTATION PICTORIAL PRESENTATION ORTHOGRAPHIC PRESENTATIONS OF ALL ABOVE CASES. X Y a a’ VP HP X Y a’ VP HP a X Y a VP HP a’ Fv above xy, Tv below xy. Fv above xy, Tv on xy. Fv on xy, Tv below xy. CC BY-SA-NC
- 12. A Line inclined to Hp and parallel to Vp (Pictorial presentation) X Y A B b’ a’ b a A Line inclined to Vp and parallel to Hp (Pictorial presentation) Ø a b a’ b’ BA Ø X Y H.P. V.P. T.V. a b a’ b’ X Y H.P. V.P. Øa b a’ b’ Tv Fv Tv inclined to xy Fv parallel to xy. 3. 4. Fv inclined to xy Tv parallel to xy. Orthographic Projections CC BY-SA-NC
- 13. FOR T.V. FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION IN THIS METHOD, THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE SITUATED IN FIRST QUADRANT MEANS ABOVE HP & INFRONT OF VP. OBJECT IS INBETWEEN OBSERVER & PLANE. ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS IN FIRST ANGLE METHOD OF PROJECTIONS X Y VP HP PP FV LSV TV CC BY-SA-NC
- 14. FOR T.V. IN THIS METHOD, THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE SITUATED IN THIRD QUADRANT ( BELOW HP & BEHIND OF VP. ) PLANES BEING TRANSPERENT AND INBETWEEN OBSERVER & OBJECT. ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS OF THIRD ANGLE PROJECTIONS X Y TV THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION LSV FV CC BY-SA-NC
- 15. FOR T.V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS X Y FRONT VIEW TOP VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW 3 PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD CC BY-SA-NC
- 16. FOR T.V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW TOP VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW X Y 5 PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD CC BY-SA-NC
- 17. Feed Back on Academic Writing • ACADEMIC WRITING Course enriched my knowledge on – How to review the literature – The Importance of linguistic approach – How to write research paper – How to write a research proposal – Submission of Thesis – Importance of OER • The content and presentation of the course is appreciable in all sense. Very helpful to PG and Ph D students. I recommend this course to UG students also. They will be learning how to workout for their project work, thesis writing and in fact every thing related to research and development. • I sincerely thank the AW course coordinators (Dr. Ajay Semalty & Dr. Mona Semalty, H.N.B. Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar, Garhwal (Uttarakhand)) for their effort and time to offer this wonderful course. CC BY-SA-NC