Submersion
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The document discusses drowning, near-drowning, and immersion syndrome. It defines drowning as death within 24 hours of suffocation from submersion in liquids. Near-drowning is defined as survival after more than 24 hours. Immersion syndrome refers to syncope resulting from cardiac arrhythmias after sudden contact with cold water. The document outlines some risk factors for drowning, including alcohol consumption near water, poor swimming ability, and medical conditions like seizures. It also discusses factors that determine subsequent pulmonary issues, such as the quantity rather than composition of aspirated water, whether it is fresh or salt water. Prognostic factors for survival are provided.
Submersion
- 1. SUBMERSION CLINICAL SERIES Dr.Raihana
- 2. DROWNING IS: Death within 24h of suffocation from submersion in liquids. Victims who survived at least 24h post event regardless of outcome. Process of experiencing resp. impairment from submersion/immersion in liquids. Syncope resulting from cardiac dysrhythmias on sudden contact with water.
- 3. DROWNING IS: Death within 24h of suffocation from submersion in liquids. Victims who survived at least 24h post event regardless of outcome. Process of experiencing resp. impairment from submersion/immersion in liquids. Syncope resulting from cardiac dysrhythmias on sudden contact with water.
- 4. Definitions Drowning :death within 24h : OLD. Near-Drowning: survival after more than 24h : OLD. Drowning outcome should be classified as: Death. morbidity. no morbidity. Immersion syndrome: syncope resulting from cardiac arrhythmias after immersion in water at least 5C less than body T.
- 5. A major risk factor 4 drowning Ethanol consumption in proximity to water. Swimming ability. Medical conditions. e.g. seizure. Prolonged QT.
- 6. A major risk factor 4 drowning Ethanol consumption in proximity to water. Swimming ability. Medical conditions. e.g. seizure. Prolonged QT.
- 7. In pathophysiology: what determines subseq. Pulmonary derangement: Aspirating fresh water. Aspirating salt water. Aspirating 1-3ml/Kg. Aspirating 11ml/Kg.
- 8. In pathophysiology: what determines subseq. Pulmonary derangement: Aspirating fresh water. Aspirating salt water. Aspirating 1-3ml/Kg . Aspirating 11ml/Kg.
- 9. pathophysiology Submersion> breath-holding> struggle to surface> hypoxia and air hunger. As breath-holding overcome, gasps results in aspiration. The QAUNTITY rather than composition determines subsequent pul. derangem. Salt or fresh water and electrolyte imbalance based on animal studies.
- 10. Pathophysiology Significant CVS abnormalities do not occur until the aspirated water > 11ml/Kg Autopsy showed most victims aspirated less than 4ml/Kg. Aspiration of 1-3ml/Kg of fresh or salt water destroys the integrity of surfactant>alveolar collapse > noncardiogenid edema>V/P mismatch> hypoxia>acidosis>CVS collapse> death.
- 11. TRUE OR FALSE 10-15% OF DROWNING IS DRY DROWNING
- 12. TRUE OR FALSE 10-15% OF DROWNING IS DRY DROWNING X
- 13. List five prognostic factors
- 14. Prognostic factors Age. (less than 3y) Duration( immersion more than 5m) CPR initiated more than 10mnt of rescue Hypothermia Severe acidosis Unreactive pupils GCS of 3 Need of ongoing CPR.
- 15. What is Diving Reflex?
- 16. Diving reflex Activated by fear or immersion of the face in cold water. Shunts blood centrally to heart and brain Apnea and bradycardia ensue Prolonging the duration of submersion tolerated without CNS damage.
- 17. The first step to be done after rescuing a victim from drowning: Apply C –collar. Heimlich maneuver to get water out of chest. Give 2 recue breaths if not breathing. Cover victim with warm cloths.
- 18. The first step to be done after rescuing a victim from drowning: Apply C –collar. Heimlich maneuver to get water out of chest. Give 2 recue breaths if not breathing . Cover victim with warm cloths.
- 19. EMS brought 16y old boy after submersion, he is conscious and oriented and breathing in his own. What u want to know? What u want to Do? Where and when to dispose?
- 20. Which of following improve outcome after water submersion Hyperventilation. Steroids. Dehydration. Barbiturate coma. None of above.
- 21. Which of following improve outcome after water submersion Hyperventilation. Steroids. Dehydration. Barbiturate coma. None of above.
- 22. THANK U