HIV/Aids Surveillance Systems: Are They Implemented Effectively?
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The document discusses HIV/AIDS surveillance systems in the United States. It notes that over 1.1 million Americans are living with HIV, and 21% are unaware of their infection status. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention works with various stakeholders to conduct surveillance, research, and evaluation activities related to HIV/AIDS. While surveillance systems and name reporting can provide benefits like monitoring disease trends and connecting patients to care, there are also barriers to effective data collection like underreporting, lack of provider awareness, and ethical issues regarding confidentiality. The National Electronic Disease Surveillance System is one approach that aims to address changing technology needs regarding public health surveillance.
HIV/Aids Surveillance Systems: Are They Implemented Effectively?
- 1. HIV/AIDS Surveillance Systems: Are they implemented effectively? LORENZO HOPPER HIMA 5060 FINAL PROJECT
- 2. HIV/AIDs Epidemic First surfaced in United States in 1980s Acquired immune deficiency syndrome 6th leading cause of death in United States Transmission occurs through: Blood (needle use) Vaginal secretions Breast milk Semen 1.1 million Americans are living with HIV 21% of these persons do not know they are infected Source: CDC, 2012
- 3. Approaches to address HIV/AIDs Epidemic Obama Administration 2010 - initiated a National HIV/AIDS Strategy that established goals aimed at reducing HIV infection rates while increasing access to treatment Center for Disease Control and Prevention The CDC works with community, state, national, and international stakeholders in surveillance, research, and evaluation activities Surveillance Systems Improving the surveillance of the disease may have a major impact on the HIV/AIDs burden in America (Shortliffe, 2001)
- 4. Surveillance and Name Reporting HIV Surveillance Method of keeping a closer look at the activities of people and monitoring their behavior Name Reporting Reporting the names of all those who test positive for HIV to public health authorities AIDS listed as one of the notifiable diseases that state epidemiologists and the CDC have determined is of national significance and warrants routine, complete reporting. Sources: Shortliffe, 2001
- 5. Benefits of Surveillance Benefits Provide periodic approximations of the incidence and prevalence of diseases Information used to produce annual surveillance reports, published by the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention (DHAP). Due to the long incubation period of HIV, surveillance and name reporting may be the only way to maximize the number of people who qualify for a very high risk of contraction to get tested as soon as possible
- 6. Benefits Benefits Information used to prevent transmission Give patients ability to seek new effective drug therapies Name reporting can enhance the current HIV surveillance methodology while enhancing epidemiological data, promoting rapid dissemination of new information to public health professionals (Shortliffe, 2001).
- 7. Barriers to Data Collection Access to Care HIV Testing Underreporting Physicians Clinicians The CDC estimates that the completeness of case reporting of HIV infection to be around 80% currently (CDC, 2012).
- 8. Barriers Lack of awareness of the reporting requirement and procedures for the provider Lack of motivation due to the extra work necessary and poor system processes Ethical Issues Oppositions also exist for the general idea of name reporting of HIV cases to government entities Confidentiality
- 9. NEDSS National Electronic Disease Surveillance System CDC uses in order to address changing information technology capabilities for local, State, and national public health surveillance. Works as a secure online infrastructure that provides healthcare professionals and government agencies with the opportunity to communicate about disease patterns and coordinate national responses Not implemented across the United States Source: NEDSS, 2007
- 10. References Center for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV/AIDS Statistics and Surveillance. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved November 30, 2012. Chin, J. 1990. Public Health surveillance of AIDS and HIV infections. Bull World Health Organ. 68(5): 529-536 Desai, D., Wu, G., Zaman, M.H. 2011. Tackling HIV through robust diagnostics in the developing world: current status and future opportunities. Lab Chip, 11, 194-211 Ford, M.A., Spicer, C.M. 2012. Monitoring HIV Care in the United States: Indicators and Data Systems. ISBN 978-0-309-21850- 4 HIV Surveillance and Name Reporting: A Public Health Case for Protecting Civil Liberties. An American Civil Liberties Union Report. October 1997 Institute of Medicine. Monitoring HIV Care in the United States: Indicators and Data Systems. 2012. Report Brief. National Academy of Sciences National Electronic Disease Surveillance System. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 2007, August. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/phin/library/phin_fact_sheets/111759_NEDSS.pdf Pubmed Health. AIDS. A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia. Retrieved November 30, 2012. Roberts, L. 2012. HIV/AIDS in America. Introduction to Special Issue. Science 13 July 2012: 337:6091 p. 167 Savel, T.G., Foldy, S. 2012. The Role of Public Health Informatics in Enhancing Public Health Surveillance. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Schwarcz, L., Chen, M., Vittinghoff, E., Hsu, L., Schwarcz, S. 2012. Declining Incidence of AIDS-defining opportunistic illnesses: results from 16 Years of population-based AIDS surveillance. AIDS Shortliffe, E., Perreault, L.E., Wiederhold, G., Fagan, L.M. 2001. Medical Informatics: Computer Applications in Health Care and Biomedicine. 2nd Edition. Springer. P 407