Sucide
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Suicide is a significant global issue, with the WHO estimating about one million deaths annually, and rates increasing particularly among younger populations. Common causes include severe depression, trauma, substance abuse, chronic pain, and feelings of being a burden to others. Risk assessment and intervention strategies, categorized into low, moderate, and high risk levels, are essential for managing individuals who may be suicidal.
Sucide
- 2. Suicide Statistics The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that each year approximately one million people die from suicide, which represents a global mortality rate of 16 people per 100,000 or one death every 40 seconds. It is predicted that by 2020 the rate of death will increase to one every 20 seconds.
- 3. The WHO further reports that: In the last 45 years suicide rates have increased by 60% worldwide. Suicide is now among the three leading causes of death among those aged 15-44 (male and female). Suicide attempts are up to 20 times more frequent than completed suicides. Although suicide rates have traditionally been highest amongst elderly males, rates among young people have been increasing to such an extent that they are now the group at highest risk in a third of all countries. Nearly 30% of all suicides worldwide occur in India and China. Suicides globally by age are as follows: 55% are aged between 15 to 44 years and 45% are aged 45 years and over.
- 4. Why Do People Commit Suicide?
- 5. Depression and Mental Illnesses. the most common • the most common factor is SEVERE DEPRESSION • SCHIZOPHRENIA • BIPOLAR DISORDER • BOARDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER • EATIN DISORDER
- 6. Traumatic Stress A person who has had a traumatic experience, including childhood sexual abuse, rape, physical abuse, or war trauma, is at a greater risk for suicide, even many years after the trauma. Being diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or multiple incidents of trauma raises the risk even further.
- 7. Substance Abuse and Impulsivity Drugs and alcohol can also influence a person who is feeling suicidal, making her more impulsive and likely to act upon her urges than she would be while sober. Use of drugs and alcohol can contribute to the other reasons people commit suicide, such as the loss of jobs and relationships.
- 8. Chronic Pain and Terminal Illnesses If a person has chronic pain or illness with no hope of a cure or reprieve from suffering, suicide may seem like a way to regain dignity and control of their life. Asthma Back pain Brain injury Cancer Congestive heart failure Diabetes • Epilepsy • HIV/AIDS • Heart disease • High blood pressure • Migraine • Parkinson's disease
- 9. Belief Your Life Is a Burden to Others A person with chronic pain or a terminal illness can also feel like a burden to others, as it becomes harder and harder to ask for yet another ride to the doctor's office or more help with household duties or assistance paying for hospital bills.
- 10. A Cry for Help Sometimes people attempt suicide not so much because they really want to die, but because they simply don't know how to get help. Suicide attempts are not a cry for attention but a cry for help. People who make a failed attempt are at much higher risk of trying again and their second attempts are much more likely to be lethal.
- 11. Accidental Suicide There are some situations where what appears to be a suicide is actually an accidental death. The dangerous "choking game" (also known as “pass-out challenge,” “flatliner,” and "space monkey”) where teens attempt to asphyxiate themselves in order to feel a high Accidental suicides can also include overdoses, poisonings, and firearm deaths.
- 13. People can become suicidal when they feel overwhelmed by life’s challenges. They lack hope for the future, and they see suicide as the only solution. It’s sort of a tunnel vision where other options seem useless. Having a family history of suicide or impulsive behavior is also believed to increase risk of suicidality.
- 14. WHEN TO SEEK HELP? IF YOU ARE: thinking about hurting or killing yourself. Looking for ways to kill yourself. Talking about death, dying or suicide. Self destructive behaviour such as drug abuse,weapons etc.
- 16. Patients at high risk for suicide include the depressed, the patient with alcohol and drug problems, and some schizophrenics who are experiencing bizarre delusions and hallucinations Based on the results of the Admission Suicide Assessment outcome, patients will be placed on Level I (Low Risk), Level II (Moderate Risk), or Level III (High Risk);
- 17. LEVEL I (LOWEST) Observation every 30 minutes and verbal contact at least every 60 minutes during waking hours, and documented on the patient observation checklist. Denied articles may be left out for personal use but must be returned immediately after use. Patients will be monitored at least every 30 minutes
- 18. LEVEL II (MODERATE RISK) Observation every 15 minutes and verbal contact at least hourly during waking hours and documented on the patient observation checklist. Activities, including meals, are limitedto the unit. Denied articles must be used in the presence of staff. Belts, shoelaces, and all drawstrings are removed. Patients will be monitored at least every 15 minutes throughout the night.
- 19. LEVEL III (HIGH RISK) Observation will be continuously one-to-one (direct line of sight, including throughout the night) and documented on the patient observation checklist. Verbal contact with the patient at least every 30 minutes during waking hours. Body searches will be conducted by two staff members (of the same sex). All belts, shoelaces, and drawstrings are removed. The patient will be restricted to the unit, including meals (paper service/plastic silverware). Use of denied articles will be limited and under supervision.
- 20. HELPLINES: