Suffix & Prefix
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This document defines and provides examples of prefixes and suffixes. Prefixes are placed at the beginning of words to modify or change their meaning, while suffixes are placed at the end. The document lists common English prefixes with their meanings and examples. It also discusses inflectional and derivational suffixes, with the former not changing a word's basic meaning and the latter deriving a new word and part of speech. Examples of common suffixes are also provided.
Suffix & Prefix
- 1. Rahaden Lingga Bhumi SUFFIX A suffix is a group of letters placed at the end of a word to make a new word. A suffix can make a new word in one of two ways: 1. inflectional (grammatical): for example, changing singular to plural (dog > dogs), or changing present tense to past tense (walk > walked). In this case, the basic meaning of the word does not change. 2. derivational (the new word has a new meaning, "derived" from the original word): for example, teach > teacher or care > careful Inflectional suffixes Inflectional suffixes do not change the meaning of the original word. So in "Every day I walk to school" and "Yesterday I walked to school", the words walk andwalked have the same basic meaning. In "I have one car" and "I have two cars", the basic meaning of the words car and cars is exactly the same. In these cases, the suffix is added simply for grammatical "correctness". Look at these examples: suffix grammatical change example original word example suffixed word -s plural dog dogs -en plural (irregular) ox oxen -s 3rd person singular present like he likes -ed past tense past participle work he worked he has worked -en past participle (irregular) eat he has eaten -ing continuous/progressive sleep he is sleeping -er comparative big bigger -est superlative big the biggest
- 2. Derivational suffixes With derivational suffixes, the new word has a new meaning, and is usually a different part of speech. But the new meaning is related to the old meaning - it is "derived" from the old meaning. We can add more than one suffix, as in this example: derive (verb) + tion = derivation (noun) + al = derivational (adjective) There are several hundred derivational suffixes. Here are some of the more common ones: suffix making example original word example suffixed word -ation nouns explore hesitate exploration hesitation -sion persuade divide persuasion division -er teach teacher -cian music musician -ess god goddess -ness sad sadness -al arrive arrival -ary diction dictionary -ment treat treatment -y jealous victor jealousy victory -al adjecti ves accident accidental -ary imagine imaginary
- 3. -able tax taxable -ly brother brotherly -y ease easy -ful sorrow forget sorrowful forgetful -ly adverb s helpful helpfully -ize verbs terror private terrorize privatize -ate hyphen hyphenate PREFIX A prefix is placed at the beginning of a word to modify or change its meaning. This is a list of the most common prefixes in English, together with their basic meaning and some examples. You can find more detail or precision for each prefix in any good dictionary. The origins of words are extremely complicated. You should use this list as a guide only, to help you understand possible meanings. But be very careful, because often what appears to be a prefix is not a prefix at all. Note also that this list does not include elements like "auto-" or " bio-", because these are "combining forms", not prefixes. Prefix Meaning Examples a- also an- not, without atheist, anaemic a- to, towards aside, aback in the process of, in a particular state a-hunting, aglow a- of anew completely abashed
- 4. ab- also abs- away, from abdicate, abstract ad- also a-, ac-, af-, ag- al-, an-, ap-, at- as-, at-movement to, change into, addition or increase advance, adulterate, adjunct, ascend, affiliate, affirm, aggravate, alleviate, annotate, apprehend, arrive, assemble, attend ante- before, preceding antecedent, ante-room anti- also ant- opposing, against, the opposite anti-aircraft, antibiotic, anticlimax, Antarctic be- all over, all around bespatter, beset completely bewitch, bemuse having, covered with bejewelled affect with (added to nouns) befog cause to be (added to adjectives) becalm com- also co-, col-, con-, cor-with, jointly, completely combat, codriver, collude, confide, corrode contra- against, opposite contraceptive counter- opposition, opposite direction counter-attack, counteract de- down, away descend, despair, depend, deduct completely denude, denigrate removal, reversal de-ice, decamp dia- also di- through, across diagonal dis- also di- negation, removal, expulsion disadvantage, dismount, disbud, disbar
- 5. en- also em- put into or on engulf, enmesh bring into the condition of enlighten, embitter intensification entangle, enrage ex- also e-, ef- out exit, exclude, expand upward exalt, extol completely excruciate, exasperate previous ex-wife extra- outside, beyond extracurricular hemi- half hemisphere hyper- beyond, more than, more than normal hypersonic, hyperactive hypo- under hypodermic, hypothermia in- also il-, im- not, without infertile, inappropriate, impossible also il-, im-, ir- in, into, towards, inside influence, influx, imbibe infra- below infrared, infrastructure inter- between, among interact, interchange intra- inside, within intramural, intravenous non- absence, negation non-smoker, non-alcoholic ob- also oc-, of-, op- blocking, against, concealing obstruct, occult, offend, oppose out- surpassing, exceeding outperform external, away from outbuilding, outboard
- 6. over- excessively, completely overconfident, overburdened, overjoyed upper, outer, over, above overcoat, overcast peri- round, about perimeter post- after in time or order postpone pre- before in time, place, order or importance pre-adolescent, prelude, precondition pro- favouring, in support of pro-African acting for proconsul motion forwards or away propulsion before in time, place or order prologue re- again repaint, reappraise, reawake semi- half, partly semicircle, semi-conscious sub- also suc-, suf-, sug-, sup-, sur-, sus-at a lower position submarine, subsoil lower in rank sub-lieutenant nearly, approximately sub-tropical syn- also sym- in union, acting together synchronize, symmetry trans- across, beyond transnational, transatlantic into a different state translate ultra- beyond ultraviolet, ultrasonic
- 7. extreme ultramicroscopic un- not unacceptable, unreal, unhappy, unmanned reversal or cancellation of action or state unplug, unmask under- beneath, below underarm, undercarriage lower in rank undersecretary not enough underdeveloped