Summary How Far And Quickly Did England Shift Towards
- 1. Where was the driving force behind religious change in Edward’s reign?
- 2. Aims Understand the key factors / individuals creating religious change under Edward VI
- 3. Driving force behind the religious change during Henry VIII’s reign Archbishop Cranmer Cromwell Reformers a broad Henry VIII Divorce/ Succession Power Wealth Act of Supremacy Dissolved the monasteries Act of Succession Ten Articles Bible translated into English
- 7. Edward VI Somerset Northumberland
- 8. Archbishop Cranmer John Hooper
- 9. Hugh Latimer Nicholas Ridley
- 10. How far and quickly did England shift towards Protestantism under Edward VI ?
- 11. Aims Understand the religious changes under Edward VI By completing a sorting exercise Understand how far England became Protestant To complete an AS level question tomorrow in exam conditions
- 12. 4 Phases The changes taken in Edward’s reign can be viewed as 4 phases (stages) Phase 1 – Destructive (removal of Catholicism) Phase 2 – State of Limbo (dealing with Protestant activity) Phase 3 – Formative (Protestant form of worship and belief established) Phase 4 – Completion (reform saw establishment of full Protestantism)
- 13. End of Henry VII’s reign Removal of Catholicism Unofficial Protestantism Ceremonial Change Doctrinal Change Full Protestantism
- 14. End of Henry VII’s reign Removal of Catholicism Unofficial Protestantism Ceremonial Change Doctrinal Change Full Protestantism
- 15. End of Henry VII’s reign Removal of Catholicism Unofficial Protestantism Ceremonial Change Doctrinal Change Full Protestantism
- 16. End of Henry VII’s reign Removal of Catholicism Unofficial Protestantism Ceremonial Change Doctrinal Change Full Protestantism
- 17. End of Henry VII’s reign Removal of Catholicism Unofficial Protestantism Ceremonial Change Doctrinal Change Full Protestantism
- 18. End of Henry VII’s reign Removal of Catholicism Unofficial Protestantism Ceremonial Change Doctrinal Change Full Protestantism
- 19. Key Change – First Book of Common Prayer 1548 Cranmer’s work Enforced by Act of Uniformity A half way measure fearing that anything more radical would not be accepted Therefore satisfied few people – Catholics saw it as Protestant and the Protestants thought it was full of Popery. Outlined the Liturgy – e.g. Services in English Sacraments like baptism, last rites, confirmation, marriage Communion of both kinds No prayers for the dead Worship of Saints discouraged (not banned) Fast and holy days remained
- 20. Furthermost swing towards Protestantism Cranmer satisfied many radical reformers Followed Calvinist ideas Eucharist or Communion followed the principle that the bread and the wine did not represent the body and blood of Christ – but a symbol of remembrance of Christ. Altars replaced In conformation the sign of the cross was abolished Enforced by Second Act of Uniformity – under which offence for clergy and laity not to attend Church of England services. Key Change – Second Book of Common Prayer 1552
- 21. Summary – How Protestant? Key Points Cranmer wrote both books of common prayer which gave the Church a Protestant Service. Enforced by the Acts of Uniformity – the second Act of Uniformity actually making no attendance at Church an offence. Edward was a radical Protestant and was involved in the religious changes –e .g attendance at PC meetings where religious issues were discussed. There were other factors influencing change e.g. greed, European reformers, John Hooper, Latimer and Ridley, lack of opposition and Somerset and Northumberland
- 22. Summary – How Protestant? Key Points The Edwardian Reformation can in the final analysis be seen in three stages – 1) Catholicism swept away 2) Protestant ceremonial changes 3) Reformed Protestant doctrine introduced. Protector Somerset was a committed Protestant but was restrained by war, finance and Catholics. Duke of Northumberland moved England toward Protestantism – however it can be argued this was for personal rather than religious gain. Gaining the favour of Edward, preventing Mary’s potential succession and reducing Catholic influence generally.
- 23. Summary – How Protestant? Key Points YES Removal of Catholicism - chantries were closed, images removed and altars replaced etc. Removal of Six Articles, heresy and treason laws. Ceremonies changed Doctrine – Prayer books enforced by the Acts of Uniformity and laid out particularly in Second Prayer book. E.g. Changes to communion / Eucharist
- 24. Summary – How Protestant? Key Points HOWEVER But the extent to which the people became Protestant is hard to measure. Many welcomed Mary who would return England to Catholicism, others were against her. There was a lack of good preachers to spread Protestantism. Many conformed in public , however private Catholic worship remained. Some opposition e.g. Western (Prayer Book) rebellion and Gardiner