Sustainable mining through usage of electric vehicles in underground mines
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The document discusses the transition from diesel to electric mining vehicles, highlighting the benefits of electric vehicles, including lower emissions, reduced maintenance needs, and increased operational efficiency. It also outlines challenges such as infrastructure requirements and the need for capital investment, particularly for mining companies. The analysis includes performance comparisons and cost assessments, projecting that electric load haul dumpers (LHDs) could represent a significant portion of the global market by 2020.
Sustainable mining through usage of electric vehicles in underground mines
- 2. 2 •How to post a question? •To log in again if the connection is lost, use the link in the confirmation mailer you would have received from gotowebinar@citrixonline.com •In case you face any other issues write an email to puneet.ramaul@beroe-inc.com
- 3. Sabarish Vaishnav Research Analyst Beroe-Inc Dialing in from: India 3 Speaker Members for the Webinar Sharan Ramesh Engagement Manager Beroe-Inc Dialing in from: India Moderator
- 5. 5 Factors Reasons Challenges Benefits Increased Shift Underground mining Diesel Electricity
- 6. Factors that are expected to drive utilization of electric mine vehicles and the way forward !! Factors impacting feasibility of transition from diesel to electric A comparative assessment – Electric vs. diesel vehicles 6 Operational aspects of diesel operated mine vehicles and the subsequent challenges
- 7. 7 Typical Diesel operated LHD Emits CO, Nox, PM Peter Green Complex Ventilation System Accounts for 40 - 50% of mine’s total energy requirement Periodic preventive/ breakdown maintenance Accounts for breakdown maintenance time of 3 hours/ day Reduces availability time by 15% Adds up to the labor cost Diesel fuel carriage to the mine operational phase Retired mine safety inspector mentioned that diesel emissions were ‘critical than asbestos’ In 2012, World Health Organization declared diesel fumes as a “definite carcinogen”
- 8. Diesel LHD – 80 db Electric LHD – 30 db 60% 8 Eliminates the need of complex ventilation system Ensures maintenance of optimal oxygen content Does not require particulate filters and associated spares Zero DPM, CO and Nox emissions Requires engine maintenance for every 500 Km as against for every 125 km in diesel LHD Requires cable system maintenance checks on daily basis (1 hour/ day) Reduced lifecycle maintenance Enhances operator comfort and safety Reduced noise and vibration “Sustainable mining” Higher operational efficiency Performance study link
- 9. 9 Available time for production 17 hours/ day 19 hours/ day Production per trip 7.5 tonnes 7.5 tonnes No. of trips per hour 8 trips/ hour 10 trips/ hour Speed 18 Km/ hr 25 Km/ hr Production per hour 60 tonnes 75 tonnes DIESEL LHD ELECTRIC LHD Note: 10 tonne LHDs are considered for the case Assumptions: •Tripping distance considered – 200 m; haul road gradient 1 in 16 •Underground metallic mine is considered for performance assessment •Fill factor and swell factor considered for LHD is around 90% and 85% of the bucket capacity respectively •Number of trips per hour was calculated by considering loading and unloading time, turn-around time Operational parameters have been obtained from Supplier catalogues 11% 25% 40% A 10-tonne Electric LHD’s production per hour is 25% in comparison to its diesel counterpart
- 10. 10 Note: The above charts depicted are for LHD with capacity of 10 tonnes The above estimation is for machine with an expected lifespan of 5 years considering mine conditions as mentioned in slide No. 8; TCO has been calculated excluding scrap value of the equipment USD 1.1 million Electric LHD consumes around 6 Kwh/ tonne 70% Energy consumption Technical parameters Ventilation requirements Electric LHD consumes around 4.5 cubic meter/ min/ tonne Economical parameters Lifecycle operational cost Ventilation cost Of USD 0.74 million 64% Energy cost Of USD 1.08 million 35% Maintenance cost of Of USD 1.358 million 37% 36% Capital cost 37% 80%
- 11. 11 Total cost of ownership (TCO) 25% USD 3.98 million
- 12. 12 Potential challenges that mining companies would face while undergoing transition from diesel to electric Supporting infrastructure such as sub stations and charging points High access to capital – A critical factor for intermediate and junior miners Electric LHDs currently prevalent in the market require uninterrupted power supply Reduced mobility, maneuverability Periodic relocation of charging points Fault In cable systems Restricted to 200 m in most cases
- 13. 13 Brownfield operations Alteration of existing infrastructure requires higher capital cost One-time investment Greenfield operations Higher degree of feasibility Replacement of existing diesel LHD fleet – Not a viable option
- 14. 14 Green mining initiative (GMI) of Natural resources Canada (NRcan) Electric vehicles incentive program Government funds Operational/ financial leasing Supplier parameter Rechargeable lithium- ion batteries in electric LHD Technological Parameter Increases mobility and operational hauling range Eliminates the need to have cable system maintenance
- 15. Tier 1/ Tier 2 Diesel vehicles 1996 - 2004 Tier 1/ Stage I - 1996 Tier 2/ Stage II - 2001 15 Note: 1. Proposed emission regulations are in compliance with mobile mining utility vehicles with 130 – 560 kW; 174 – 751 HP 2. Units in the chart correspond to g/ kW-hr ; ‘Tier’ and ‘stage’ regulations refer to US EPA and EU respectively 9.2 6.4 4 2 0.4 0.54 0.2 0.02 0 Particulate Matter Nitrous Oxide
- 16. 16 Tier 3/ Stage III A - 2005 Tier 3 Hybrid diesel-electric vehicles Diesel vehicles 2005 - 2010 9.2 6.4 4 2 0.4 0.54 0.2 0.02 0 Note: 1. Proposed emission regulations are in compliance with mobile mining utility vehicles with 130 – 560 kW; 174 – 751 HP 2. Units in the chart correspond to g/ kW-hr ; ‘Tier’ and ‘stage’ regulations refer to US EPA and EU respectively
- 17. 17 Tier 4 final/ Stage IV - 2014 Tier 4 interim/ Stage III B - 2011 Tier 4 Interim/ final Hybrid diesel-electric vehicles Electrically operated vehicles 2011 - 2015 Diesel vehicles 9.2 6.4 4 2 0.4 0.54 0.2 0.02 0 Note: 1. Proposed emission regulations are in compliance with mobile mining utility vehicles with 130 – 560 kW; 174 – 751 HP 2. Units in the chart correspond to g/ kW-hr ; ‘Tier’ and ‘stage’ regulations refer to US EPA and EU respectively
- 18. 18 Tier 5 Electrically operated vehicles 2020 Note: 1. Proposed emission regulations are in compliance with mobile mining utility vehicles with 130 – 560 kW; 174 – 751 HP 2. Units in the chart correspond to g/ kW-hr ; ‘Tier’ and ‘stage’ regulations refer to US EPA and EU respectively
- 19. 19 11,750 Diesel LHD 83% Diesel - Electric Hybrid LHD 12% Electric LHD 5% Global Load Haul Dumper count in operation Electric LHDs count on a global scale amounted to around 620 in 2013 The current powerhouses of electrically operated underground LHD Atlas Copco Sandvik 95%
- 20. •Tier 5 emission regulation standards expected to drive the utilization of electric mine vehicles in underground mines •Potential for 100% automation of LHD operations using electric LHD is higher compared to the diesel counterparts 20 Emission regulations Fuel Productivity Source: Parker bay mining
- 21. 21 2.14% 2.92% 4.10% 5.29% 6.71% 8.11% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 9500 10000 10500 11000 11500 12000 12500 13000 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Electric LHD global count LHD Electric LHD as a percentage of LHD population By 2020, Electric LHD is expected to account for around 20% of global LHD count Source: Parker bay mining