Switching pulse generation for DC-DC boost converter using Xilinx-ISE with FPGA processor

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE)
Vol. 10, No. 2, April 2020, pp. 1722~1727
ISSN: 2088-8708, DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v10i2.pp1722-1727  1722
Journal homepage: http://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE
Switching pulse generation for DC-DC boost converter using
Xilinx-ISE with FPGA processor
R. Palanisamy, C. S. Boopathi, K. Selvakumar, K. Vijayakumar
SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, India
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received Apr 15, 2019
Revised Oct 22, 2019
Accepted Nov 30, 2019
This paper explains steps to generate switching pulse using Xilinx-ISE with
FPGA processor for DC-DC boost converter. The switching pulse generated
using Very high speed integrated circuit Hardware Description Language
(VHDL) with Xilinx-ISE. VHDL is a programming language, which is used
to model and design any complex circuits in a dynamic environment.
This paper gives the course of action for generation of switching pulses for
dc-dc boost converter using Xilinx-ISE and matlab simulink. The switching
pulse generated using Xilinx-ISE with FPGA-Spartan 6 processor compared
with switching pulse generated using matlab.
Keywords:
DC-DC boost converter
Field Programmable Gate Array
(FPGA) Processor
Hardware Description
Language (VHDL)
Xilinx-ISE
Copyright © 2020 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science.
All rights reserved.
Corresponding Author:
K. Selvakumar,
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
SRM Institute of Science and Technology,
Kattankulathur, Chennai, India.
Email: selvakse@gmail.com, krspalani@gmail.com
1. INTRODUCTION
In recent years the usage and progress of Programmable Logic Devices (FPGA, CPLD) are
increasing for the power electronic applications without microprocessors (CPU or DSP) and
microcontrollers [1-2]. Complex control algorithm can be implementing for any power electronic system
using FPGA processor and computational time also significantly reduced using programmable logic
devices [3], but in terms of business based applications for power electronic systems are designed using
microprocessor & microcontroller [4-6]. Generally to improve the output of renewable energy system or dc
source, the dc-dc boost converters are employed. The relevance of dc-dc converters engross the following
requirements like high step up output voltage gain, low input current and low current ripples, high output
voltage and low voltage ripples and higher efficiency [7-10]. The various dc-dc converters are design with
help of conventional coupled inductor, switched capacitor, clamping diodes and controlled power
semiconductor device, which is controlled by duty ratio. Based on duty ratio of dc-dc converter the output
voltage can be increased or decreased [11-14]. In this paper gives the procedure to generate switching pulse
for dc-dc boost converter using Xilinx-ISE with FPGA processor and matlab. The hardware results for dc-dc
boost converter are obtained using Spartan-6 FPGA processor.
2. DC-DC BOOST CONVERTER
The dc-dc converter is electronic system which converts dc source voltage from one voltage range
to another voltage range [15-17]. It attracts many researchers to boost or increases output voltage from
the renewable energy systems like fuel cell, PV system and wind energy system [16]. The conventional
dc–dc converters are power switching converter which innately introduces a certain amount ripple in current

Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708 
Switching pulse generation for DC-DC boost converter using Xilinx-ISE with FPGA… (R. Palanisamy)
1723
output, which is minimized with help of advanced dc-dc converters [17-19]. Generally the conventional
dc-dc converters only applicable for low power applications, which are developed to high power applications
using isolated and non isolated converters [20-22]. In Figure 1 shows the diagram for boost converter, which
is used to boost input dc voltage. When the power switch is ON condition, the inductor charge energy in
the form of electromagnetic field and discharge energy when power switch is off condition. The time
constant RC of the circuit depends on the capacitor size. The output voltage boost level depends on the duty
ratio of the switch and applied input voltage, which is defined as,
𝑉0 = 𝑉𝑖 (1 − 𝐺) (1)
Where, Vo is output voltage, Vi – input voltage and G- duty ratio.
Figure 1. Circuit diagram of DC-DC Boost converter
3. SWITCHING PULSE GENERATION
The switching pulse for dc-dc boost converter is generated using Sinusoidal Pulse Width
Modulation (SPWM). Pulse Width Modulation is a method wherein a fixed DC input voltage is given to
inverters and controlled AC output voltage is obtained by adjusting the duty cycle [23]. Output signal
alternates between ON and OFF within specified period; controls power received by a device and the voltage
seen by the load is directly proportional to the source voltage [24]. Pulse Width Modulation allows us to vary
how much time the signal is high in an analog way [25-26]. While the signal can only be high (usually 5V) or
low (ground) but we can vary the proportion of time the signal is high compared to when it is low is shown in
Figure 2.
Figure 2. SPWM – switching pulse generation
The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. The technique
we are using is the Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation. SPWM is one of the most popular modulation
technique used and finds more applications in industries. The gating signal can be generated by comparing
a sinusoidal reference signal with a triangular carrier wave and width of each pulse varied proportionally to
amplitude of a sine wave evaluated at the centre of same pulse. SPWM is one technique which helps in
reducing the harmonics present in quasi state.

 ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 10, No. 2, April 2020 : 1722 - 1727
1724
The modulation index is defined as, Ma=Am/Ac (2)
Where, Am = reference signal amplitude, Ac = carrier signal amplitude.
4. VHDL CODING USING XILINX-ISE
The switching pulse for dc/dc converter is engendered using VHDL coding by Xilinx ISE with help
of FPGA processor. Xilinx-ISE is the platform environment for writing VHDL code and to feed into
the FPGA processor. To generate single switching pulse for dc/dc converter the following VHDL coding
written in Xilinx software.
a. Coding
Library IEEE
USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;
USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL;
Entity top_SPWM
Port (CLK: IN STD_LOGIC;
PWM DIR: OUT_STD_LOGIC;
PWM OE: OUT_ STD_LOGIC;
PWM 1: OUT STD_LOGIC; );
ARCHITECTURE BEHAV OF TOP_PWM IS
Signal CAR: integer:=0
Begin
Process(clk)
Variable counter: integer:=0;
Begin
if rising_edge(clk) then
COUNTER:=COUNTER+1;
If counter > 0 and counter <=1000;
CAR<=CAR+1;
ELSEIF COUNTER >1000 AND COUNTER <= 2000 THEN
CAR<=CAR-1;
ELSEIF COUNTER >2000 THEN
COUNTER:=0;
CAR<=0;
END IF;
END IF;
IF 500>=CAR THEN
PWM 1<= ‘1’;
ELSE
PWM 1 <= ‘0’;
END IF;
END PROCESS;
b. Steps to generate bit file from VHDL coding
After initializing the spartan-6 FPGA processor; the VHDL has written for single switching pulse
generation to control the dc-dc converter. The flowchart for generation of bit files from VHDL code is shown
in Figure 3 and the generated bit file is feed into the FPGA processor to control the dc-dc converter, which is
shown in Figure.4.
5. SIMULATION AND HARDWARE RESULTS & DISCUSSION
The system is simulated and implemented to generate switching pulse using Xilinx-ISE with FPGA
processor for DC-DC boost converter. The switching pulse generated using Very high speed integrated
circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL) with Xilinx-ISE. VHDL is a programming language, which
is used to model and design any complex circuits in a dynamic environment. the switching pulse generated
through SPWM method and it is implemented through FPGA professor with help of Xilinx software, which
is shown in Figure 5. The DC input supply applied to dc-dc converter is 12V and it is converted 32V, which
is 2.6 times of applied input voltage and is shown in Figure 6.

1725
Figure 3. Lowchart to generate bit file from
VHDL code
Figure 4. Flowchart to feed the bit into FPGA
processor
(a)
(b)
Figure 5. Switching pulse generation using SPWM (a) simulation (b) hardware

 ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 10, No. 2, April 2020 : 1722 - 1727
1726
(a)
(b)
Figure 6. Output voltage of dc-dc boost converter (a) simulation (b) hardware
6. CONCLUSION
Generally various dc-dc converter topologies are used for energy conversion system. In this paper,
switching pulse generation for dc to dc converter using Xilinx – Spartan 6 controller. The output voltage of
the dc-dc converters are varied, which attains as increased, decreased or equal to applied voltage depends on
the duty ratio produced by the sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique. The simulation & hardware
results are verified using matlab/simulink and FPGA processor.
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