Syllabus b.tech (electronics & communication)

3EC1 MATHEMATICS-III

UNIT 1: LAPLACE TRANSFORM - Laplace transform with its simple properties,
applications to the solution of ordinary and partial differential equations having constant
co-efficients with special reference to the wave and diffusion equations.

UNIT 2: FOURIER SERIES & Z TRANSFORM – Expansion of simple functions in
fourier series. Half range series, Change of intervals, Harmonic analysis. Z
TRANSFORM - Introduction, Properties, Inverse Z Transform.

UNIT 3: FOURIER TRANSFORM - Complex form of Fourier Transform and its inverse,
Fourier sine and cosine transform and their inversion. Applications of Fourier Transform
to solution of partial differential equations having constant co-efficient with special
reference to heat equation and wave equation.

UNIT 4: COMPLEX VARIABLES - Analytic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations,
Elementary conformal mapping with simple applications, Line integral in complex
domain, Cauchy;s theorem. Cauchy’s integral formula.

UNIT 5: COMPLEX VARIABLES -Taylor’s series Laurent’s series poles, Residues,
Evaluation of simple definite real integrals using the theorem of residues. Simple
contour integration.

BOOKS
• Engineering Mathematics, T Veerarajan, TMH
• Mathematical Techniques, Jordan, Oxford
• Advance Engineering Mathematics, Potter, Oxford
• Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Irvin Kreyszig, Wiley
• Mathematical Methods, Dutta, D., New Age
• Text BOOK Of Engineering Mathematics, Dutta, New Age

3EC2 - ELECTRONIC DEVICES & CIRCUITS

UNIT 1: SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS: Mobility and conductivity, charge densities in a
semiconductor, Fermi Dirac distribution, carrier concentrations and fermi levels in
emiconductor, Generation and recombination of charges, diffusion and continuity
equation, Mass action Law, Hall effect.

UNIT 2: Junction diodes, Diode as a ckt. element, load line concept, clipping and
clamping circuits, Voltage multipliers. Construction, characteristics and working
principles of UJT

UNIT 3: Transistor characteristics, Current components, Current gains: alpha and beta.
Operating point. Hybrid model, h-parameter equivalent circuits. CE, CB and CC
configuration. DC and AC analysis of CE, CC and CB amplifiers. Ebers-Moll model.
Biasing & stabilization techniques. Thermal runaway, Thermal stability.

UNIT 4: JFET, MOSFET, Equivalent circuits and biasing of JFET's & MOSFET’s. Low
requency CS and CD JFET amplifiers. FET as a voltage variable resistor.

UNIT 5: SMALL SIGNAL AMPLIFIERS AT LOW FREQUENCY: Analysis of BJT and
FET, DC and RC coupled amplifiers. Frequency response, midband gain, gains at low
and high requency. Analysis of DC and differential amplifiers, Miller's Theorem.
Cascading Transistor amplifiers, Darlington pair. Emitter follower, source follower.

BOOKS
• Millman's Integrated Electronics, Millman &Parekh, TMH
• Electronic Devices And Circuits, Salivahanan, TMH
• Millnman’s Electronic Devices And Circuits (Special Indian Edition), Millman & Halkias,
TMH
• Electronic Devices And Circuits, Bogart, Pearson
• Electronic Devices And Circuit Theory, Boylestad, Pearson
• Electronic Devices And Circuits, Cheruku, Pearson
• Electronic Devices, Floyd, Pearson
• Basic Electronics, Ghatak, Pearson
• Electronic Devices And Circuits (For Jntu), Rao, Pearson
• Electronic Devices And Circuits, Bell, Oxford
• Semiconductor Devices: Modelling And Technology, Nandita Dasgupta, PHI
• Electronic Devices And Circuits: An Introduction, Allen Mottershead, PHI
• Electronic Devices And Circuits, I.J. Nagrath, PHI
• Electronic Devices And Applications, B. Somanathan Nair, PHI
• Electronic Devices And Circuits, Balbir Kumar, PHI
• Electron Devices And Circuits, Chattopadhayay.D, Rakshit, P.C, New Age
• A Text
• BOOK Of Electronics, Kakani, S.L.Bhandari, K.C, New Age
• Electronic Devices And Circuits, S.K.Sahdev, Na, Dhanpatrai

3EC3- CIRCUIT ANALYSIS & SYNTHESIS

UNIT 1: NETWORK THEOREMS AND ELEMENTS:Thevenin’s, Norton’s, Reciprocity,
Superposition, Compensation, Miller’s, Tellegen’s and maximum power transfer
theorems. Networks with dependent sources. Inductively coupled circuits – mutual
inductance, coefficient of coupling and mutual inductance between portions of same
circuits and between parallel branches. Transformer equivalent, inductively and
conductively coupled circuits.

UNIT 2:TRANSIENTS ANALYSIS: Impulse, step, ramp and sinusoidal response
Analysis of first order and second order circuits. Time domain & transform domain
(frequency, Laplace) analysis. Initial and final value theorems. Complex periodic waves
and their analysis by Fourier analysis. Different kind of symmetry. Power in a circuit.

UNIT 3: NETWORK FUNCTIONS: Terminals and terminal pairs, driving point
impedance transfer functions, poles and zeros. Procedure of finding network functions
for general two terminal pair networks. Stability & causality. Hurwitz polynomial, positive
real function.

UNIT 4: TWO PORT NETWORKS: Two port parameters and their interrelations – z-
parameters, yparameters, h-parameters, ABCD parameters. Equivalence of two ports,
transformer equivalent, interconnection of two port networks. Image parameters.
Attenuation & phase shift in symmetrical T and π networks.

UNIT 5: NETWORK SYNTHESIS: RL & RC networks synthesis, Foster First & Second
form, Cauer forms.

BOOKS
• Circuits And Networks: Analysis And Synthesis, Sudhakar, TMH
• Network Analysis And Synthesis, Ghosh & Chakrabarti, TMH
• Electrical Networks, Singh, TMH
• Schaum’s Outlines Of Electric Circuits (Sie), Nahvi, TMH
• Eelectronic Circuits: Analysis And Design(Sie), Donald Neamen, TMH
• Electric Circuits & Networks, Suresh Kumar, Pearson
• Electric Circuits, Nilsson, Pearson
• Linear Circuits Analysis, Decarlo, Oxford
• Linear Circuits (Includes Cd), Ramakalyan, Oxford
• Circuits And Network: Analysis, Design, And Synthesis, Sukhija, Oxford
• Basic Engineering Circuit Analysis, Irwin, Wiley
• Network Analysis & Synthesis, Kuo, Wiley
• Network Theory: Analysis And Synthesis, Smarjit Ghosh, PHI
• Basic Circuit Theory, Lawrence P. Huelsman, PHI
• Electric Circuit Analysis, Xavier, S.P. Eugene, New Age

3EC4- ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION

UNIT 1: THEORY OF ERRORS: Accuracy & precision, Repeatability, Limits of errors,
Systematic & random errors Modeling of errors, Probable error & standard deviation,
Gaussian error analysis, Combination of errors.

UNIT 2: ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASURING BASIC PARAMETERS:
Electronic Voltmeter, Electronic Multimeters, Digital Voltmeter, Component Measuring
Instruments, Q meter, Vector Impedance meter, RF Power & Voltage Measurements.
Measurement of frequency. Introduction to shielding & grounding.

UNIT 3: OSCILLOSCOPES: CRT Construction, Basic CRO circuits, CRO Probes,
Oscilloscope Techniques of Measurement of frequency, Phase Angle and Time Delay,
Multibeam, multi trace, storage & sampling Oscilloscopes. Curve tracers.

UNIT 4: SIGNAL GENERATION: - Sine wave generators, Frequency synthesized
signal generators, Sweep frequency generators. Signal Analysis - Measurement
Technique, Wave Analyzers, Frequency - selective wave analyser, Heterodyne wave
analyser, Harmonic distortion analyser, Spectrum analyser.

UNIT 5: TRANSDUCERS - Classification, Selection Criteria, Characteristics,
Construction, Working Principles, Application of following Transducers- RTD,
Thermocouples, Thermistors, LVDT, RVDT, Strain Gauges, Bourdon Tubes, Bellows.
Diaphragms, Seismic Accelerometers, Tachogenerators, Load Cell, Piezoelectric
Transducers, Ultrasonic Flow Meters.

BOOKS
• Electronic Instrumentation, H S Kalsi, TMH
• Electronic Measurements & Instrumentation, Bernard Oliver, TMH
• Instrumentation Measurement & Analysis, B.C.Nakra, K.K. Chaudhry, TMH
• Electronic Measurements & Instrumentation, Bernard Oliver, John Cage, TMH
• Electronic Measurements And Instrumentation, Lal Kishore, Pearson
• Elements Of Electronic Instrumentation And Measurement, Carr, Pearson
• Electronic Instrument And Measurment, Bell, Oxford
• Electronic Measurements And Instrumentation, Dally, Wiley
• Theory And Design For Mechanical Measurements, Figliola, Wiley
• Electronic Instrumentation And Measurements, David A. Bell, PHI
• Introduction To Measurements And Instrumetation, Arun K. Ghosh, PHI
• A Course In Electrical & Electronic Measurement & Instrumentation, A.K.Sawhney,
Dhanpatrai

3EC5 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS & PROCESSES

UNIT 1: DIELECTRIC MATERIALS: Polarisation phenomenon, spontaneous
polarisation, dielectric constant and loss, piezo and ferro electricity.

UNIT 2: MAGNETIC MATERIALS: Dia, para, ferro-ferrimagnetism; soft and hard
magnetic materials and their applications.

UNIT 3: SEMI CONDUCTOR MATERIALS: Crystal growth, zone refining, Degenerate
and nondegenerate semiconductors, Direct and indirect band gap semiconductors.
Electronic properties of silicon, Germanium, Compound Semiconductor, Gallium
Arsenide, gallium phosPHIde & Silicon carbide.

UNIT 4: CONDUCTIVE & SUPERCONDUCTIVE MATERIALS: Electrical properties of
conductive and resistive materials. Important characteristics and electronic applications
of specific conductor & resistance materials. Superconductor phenomenon, Type I and
Type II superconductors and their applications.

UNIT 5: PASSIVE COMPONENETS & PCB FABRICATION: Brief study of fabrication
methods of fixed and variable type of resistors; capacitors, Inductors, solenoid and
toroid, air core, iron core and Ferro core conductors. Printed Circuit Boards – Types,
Manufacturing of copper clad laminates, PCB Manufacturing process, Manufacturing of
single and double sided PCBs. Surface mount devices – advantages & limitations.

BOOKS
• Principles Of Electronic Materials And Devices, S O Kasap, TMH
• Electronics Engineering Material And Devices, J Allison, TMH
• Electronics Material And Processes Hand
• BOOK, Charles Harpa, Ronald Sampson, TMH
• Introduction To Materials Science For Engineers, Shackelford, Pearson
• Elements Of Materials Science & Engineering, Van Vlack, Pearson
• Material Science For Electrical And Electronic Engineers, Jones, Oxford
• Introduction To Semiconductor Materials And Devices, Tyagi, Wiley
• Electronic Instrumentation And Measurements, David A. Bell, PHI
• Introduction To Measurements And Instrumetation, Arun K. Ghosh, PHI
• Electronic Components And Processes, Maheshwari, Preeti, New Age
• Rudiments Of Materials Science, Pillai, S.O., New Age

3EC6 DATA STRUCTURES & ALGORITHMS

UNIT 1: PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT: Space complexity and Time complexity,
big oh,
omega and theta notations and their significance. Linear Lists - Array and linked
representation, Singly & Doubly linked lists. Concept of circular linked lists.

UNIT 2: ARRAY & MATRICES - Row and Column Major mapping & representation,
irregular 2D array, Matrix operations, Special matrices: diagonal, tri-diagonal, triangular,
symmetric. Sparse matrices representation and its transpose.

UNIT 3: STACKS - Representation in array & linked lists, basic operation, Applications
of stacks in parenthesis matching, towers of Hanoi etc. Queues - Representation in
array & linked lists, applications, circular queues.

UNIT 4: TREES - Binary Tree, representation in array & linked lists, basic operation on
binary trees, binary tree traversal (preorder, post order, in order).
Search Trees - Binary search tree, indexed-binary search tree, basic operation, AVL
tree, B-tree.

UNIT 5: GRAPHS - Representation of un weighted graphs, BFS, DFS, Minimum cost
spanning
trees, Single source shortest path.Sorting - Bubble sort, insertion sort, merge sort,
selection sort, quick sort, heap sort.

BOOKS
• Data Structures (Special Indian Edition) (Schaums' Outlines Series), Lipschutz & Pai,
TMH
• Data Structures And Algorithms, Pai, TMH
• Data Structure Using C (Sigma Series), Mukherjee, TMH
• Introduction To Data Structures With Applications, Tremblay, TMH
• Data Structure Using C, Krishnamoorthy, TMH
• Data Structures, Keogh, Wiley

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3EC7 ELECTRONICS WORKSHOP

1. Identification, Study & Testing of various electronic components :
(a) Resistances-Various types, Colour coding (b) Capacitors-Various types, Coding, (c) Inductors
(d) Diodes (e) Transistors (f) SCRs (g) ICs (h) Photo diode (i) Photo transistor (j) LED (k) LDR
(l) Potentiometers
2. Study of symbols for various Electrical & Electronic Components, Devices, Circuit functions etc.
3. To study and perform experiment on CRO demonstration kit.
4. Soldering & desoldering practice.
5. (a) To Design & fabricate a PCB for a Regulated power supply.
(b) Assemble the Regulated power supply using PCB and test it.
6. To study and plot the characteristics of following Opto-Electronic devices –
(a) LED (b) LDR (C) Photovoltatic cell (d) Opto-coupler
(e) Photo diode (f) Photo transistor (g) Solar cell
7. To study the specifications and working of a Transistor radio kit and perform measurements on it.
8. To study the specifications and working of a Tape Recorder kit.
9. To prepare design layout of PCBs using software tools.
10. To fabricate PCB and testing of electronics circuit on PCB.
11. To design and test regulated power supply using ICs
12. To study the specifications and working of a VCD Player.
13. To study the specifications and working of color TV.

3EC8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB-I

Program in C

1. Simple array and sorting algorithm implementations.
2. Addition, multiplication and transpose of sparse matrices represented in array form.
3. Polynomial addition, multiplication (8th degree polynomials), using array & linked lists.
4. Implementation of stack and queue using array & linked lists.
5. Implementation of circular queue using array.
6. Infix to postfix/prefix conversion.
7. Binary search tree creation and traversing.
8. Generation of spanning trees for a given graph using BFS & DFS algorithms.
9. AVL tree implementation (creation, insertion, deletion).
10. Symbol table organization (Hash Table).

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3EC9 ELECTRONICS LAB I

1. Study the following devices:
(a) Analog & digital multimeters
(b) Function/ Signal generators
(c) Regulated d. c. power supplies (constant voltage and constant current operations)
(d) Study of analog CRO, measurement of time period, amplitude, frequency & phase angle
using Lissajous figures.
2 Plot V-I characteristic of P-N junction diode & calculate cut-in voltage, reverse
Saturation current and static & dynamic resistances.
3 Plot V-I characteristic of zener diode and study of zener diode as voltage regulator.
Observe the effect of load changes and determine load limits of the voltage regulator.
4 Plot frequency response curve for single stage amplifier and to determine gain bandwidth
product.
5 Plot drain current - drain voltage and drain current – gate bias characteristics of field
effect transistor and measure of Idss & Vp
6 Application of Diode as clipper & clamper
7 Plot gain- frequency characteristic of two stage RC coupled amplifier & calculate its bandwidth
and
compare it with theoretical value.
8 Plot gain- frequency characteristic of emitter follower & find out its input and output resistances.
9 Plot input and output characteristics of BJT in CB, CC and CE configurations. Find their h-
parameters.
10 Study half wave rectifier and effect of filters on wave. Also calculate theoretical & practical ripple
factor.
11 Study bridge rectifier and measure the effect of filter network on D.C. voltage output & ripple
factor.

3EC10 ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENT & INSTRUMENTATION LAB

1. Measure earth resistance using fall of potential method.
2. Plot V-I characteristics & measure open circuit voltage & short circuit current of a solar panel.
3. Measure unknown inductance capacitance resistance using following bridges
(a) Anderson Bridge (b) Maxwell Bridge
4. To measure unknown frequency & capacitance using Wein’s bridge.
5. Measurement of the distance with the help of ultrasonic transmitter & receiver.
6. Measurement of displacement with the help of LVDT.
7. Draw the characteristics of the following temperature transducers:
(a) RTD (Pt-100) (b) Thermistors (c) Thermocouple
8. Draw the characteristics between temperature & voltage of a K type thermocouple.
9. Measure the speed of a Table Fan using stroboscope.
10. Measurement of strain/ force with the help of strain gauge load cell.
11. Study the working of Q-meter and measure Q of coils.
12. To study the working of Spectrum analyzer and determine the bandwidth of different signals.

4EC1 MATHEMATICS-IV

UNIT 1: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS - Finite differences – Forward, Backward and Central
differences. Newton’s forward and backward differences, interpolation formulae.
Stirling’s formula, Lagrange’s interpolation formula.

UNIT 2: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS- Integration-Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s one third
and three-eighth rules. Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations of first order
- Picard’s mathod, Euler’s and modified Euler’s methods, Miline’s method and Runga-
Kutta fourth order method., Differentiation

UNIT 3: SPECIAL FUNCTIONS – Bessel’s functions of first and second kind, simple
recurrence relations, orthogonal property of Bessel’s, Transformation, Generating
functions, Legendre’s function of first kind. Simple recurrence relations, Orthogonal
property, Generating function.

UNIT 4: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY - Elementary theory of probability, Baye’s
theorem with simple applications, Expected value, theoretical probability distributions-
Binomial, Poisson and Normal distributions. Lines of regression, co-relation and rank
correlation.

UNIT 5: CALCULUS OF VARIATIONS - Functional, strong and weak variations simple
variation problems, the Euler’s equation.

BOOKS
• Advanced Engg. Mathematics-4, S.K.Dadhich, N.K.
• Advanced Engg. Mathematics, Irvin Kreyszig, Wiley
• Applied Statics & Probability, Montgomery, Wiley

4EC2 – ANALOG ELECTRONICS

UNIT 1: FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS: Classification, Feedback concept, Transfer gain
with feedback, General characteristics of negative feedback amplifiers. Analysis of
voltage-series, voltage-shunt, current-series and current-shunt feedback amplifier.
Stability criterion.

UNIT 2: OSCILLATORS: Classification. Criterion for oscillation. Tuned collector,
Hartley, Colpitts, RC Phase shift, Wien bridge and crystal oscillators, Astable,
monostable and bistable multivibrators. Schmitt trigger. Blocking oscillators.

UNIT 3: HIGH FREQUENCY AMPLIFIERS: Hybrid Pi model, conductances and
capacitances of hybrid Pi model, high frequency analysis of CE amplifier, gain-
bandwidth product. Emitter follower at high frequencies.

UNIT 4: TUNED AMPLIFIER - Band Pass Amplifier, Parallel resonant Circuits, Band
Width of Parallel resonant circuit. Analysis of Single Tuned Amplifier, Primary &
Secondary Tuned Amplifier with BJT & FET. Double Tuned Transformer Coupled
Amplifier. Stagger Tuned Amplifier. Pulse Response of such Amplifier. Shunt Peaked
Circuits for Increased Bandwidth.

UNIT 5: POWER AMPLIFIERS: Power amplifier circuits, Class A output stage, class B
output stage and class AB output stages, class C amplifiers, pushpull amplifiers with
and without transformers. Complementary symmetry & quasi complimentary symmetry
amplifiers

BOOKS
• Millman's Integrated Electronics, Millman & Parekh, TMH
• Electronic Devices And Circuits, Salivahanan, TMH
• Millman’s Electronic Devices And Circuits (Special Indian Edition), Millman & Halkias,
TMH
• Analysis And Design Of An Analog Integrated Ckt, Gray, Wiley
• Electronic Devices And Circuit Theory, Boylested, Pearson
• Electronic Devices, Floyd, Pearson
• Electronic Devices And Integrated Circuits, Singh, Pearson
• Electronic Devices And Circuits, 5e, Bell, Oxford
• Microelectronic Circuits, 5e (Intl. Version), Sedra, Oxford

4EC3-DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

UNIT 1: NUMBER SYSTEMS, BASIC LOGIC GATES & BOOLEAN ALGEBRA: Binary
Arithmetic & Radix representation of different numbers. Sign & magnitude representation,
Fixed point representation, complement notation, various codes & arithmetic in different
codes & their inter conversion. Features of logic algebra, postulates of Boolean algebra.
Theorems of Boolean algebra. Boolean function. Derived logic gates: Exclusive-OR, NAND,
NOR gates, their block diagrams and truth tables. Logic diagrams from Boolean expressions
and vica-versa. Converting logic diagrams to universal logic. Positive, negative and mixed
logic. Logic gate conversion.

UNIT 2: DIGITAL LOGIC GATE CHARACTERISTICS: TTL logic gate characteristics.
Theory & operation of TTL NAND gate circuitry. Open collector TTL. Three state output logic.
TTL subfamilies. MOS & CMOS logic families. Realization of logic gates in RTL, DTL, ECL,
C-MOS & MOSFET. Interfacing logic families to one another.

UNIT 3: MINIMIZATION TECHNIQUES: Minterm, Maxterm, Karnaugh Map, K map upto 4
variables. Simplification of logic functions with K-map, conversion of truth tables in POS and
SOP form. Incomplete specified functions. Variable mapping. Quinn-Mc Klusky minimization
techniques.

UNIT 4: COMBINATIONAL SYSTEMS: Combinational logic circuit design, half and full adder,
subtractor. Binary serial and parallel adders. BCD adder. Binary multiplier. Decoder: Binary
to Graydecoder, BCD to decimal, BCD to 7-segment decoder. Multiplexer, demultiplexer,
encoder. Octal to binary, BCD to excess-3 encoder. Diode switching matrix. Design of logic
circuits by multiplexers, encoders, decoders and demultiplexers.

UNIT 5: SEQUENTIAL SYSTEMS: Latches, flip-flops, R-S, D, J-K, Master Slave flip flops.
Conversions of flip-flops. Counters: Asynchronous (ripple), synchronous and synchronous
decade counter, Modulus counter, skipping state counter, counter design. Ring counter.
Counter applications. Registers: buffer register, shift register.

BOOKS
• Digital Circuit & Logic Design, Samuel C.Lee, Eee
• Modern Digital Electronics, R.P. Jain, TMH
• Digital Principles And Applications (Special Indian Edition), Leach & Malvino, TMH
• 2000 Solved Problems In Digital Electronics (Sigma Series), Bali, TMH
• Digital Fundamental, Floyd & Jain, Pearson
• Digital Logic And Computer Design, Mano, Pearson
• Digital Systems: Principles And Applications, Tocci, Pearson
• Digital Design, M.Morris Mano, Pearson
• Digital Electronics Principal & Intigrated Ckt, Maini, Wiley
• Digital Logic Design Principals, Palbanian, Wiley
• Digital Electronics, Kharate, Oxford

4EC4 ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD THEORY

UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION: Vector Relation in rectangular, cylindrical, spherical and general
curvilinear coordinate system. Concept and physical interpretation of gradient, Divergence
and curl, Green’s & Stoke’s theorems.

UNIT 2: ELECTROSTATICS: Electric field intensity & flux density. Electric field due to various
charge configurations. The potential functions and displacement vector. Gauss’s law.
Poisson’s and Laplace’s equation and their solution. Uniqueness theorem. Continuity
equation. Capacitance and electrostatics energy. Field determination by method of images.
Boundary conditions. Field mapping and concept of field cells.

UNIT 3: MAGNETOSTATICS: Magnetic field intensity, flux density & magnetization,
Faraday’s Law, Bio-Savart’s law, Ampere’s law, Magnetic scalar and vector potential, self &
mutual inductance, Energy stored in magnetic field, Boundary conditions, Analogy between
electric and magnetic field, Field maping and concept of field cells.

UNIT 4: TIME VARYING FIELDS: Displacement currents and equation of continuity.
Maxwell’s equations, Uniform plane wave in free space, dielectrics and conductors, skin effect
sinusoidal time variations, reflection & refraction of Uniform Plane Wave, standing wave ratio.
Pointing vector and power considerations.

UNIT 5: RADIATION, EMI AND EMC: Retarded Potentials and concepts of radiation,
Radiation from a small current element. Radiation resistance: Introduction to Electromagnetic
Interference and Electromagnetic compatibility, EMI coupling modes, Methods of eliminating
interference, shielding, grounding, conducted EMI, EMI testing: emission testing, susceptibility
testing.

BOOKS
• Engineering Electromagnetics, (With Cd), Hayt, TMH
• Electromagnetics (Sie) (Schaum's Outlines Series), Edminister, TMH
• Electromagnetics With Applications, Jd Kraus, TMH
• Electromagnetic Field Theory And Transmission Lines, Raju, Pearson
• Field & Wave Electromagnetic, Cheng, Pearson
• Elements Of Engineering Electromagnetics, Rao, Pearson
• Electromagnetic For Engineers, Ulaby, Pearson
• Fundamentals Of Electromagnetics For Engineers, Rao, Pearson

4EC5 RANDOM VARIABLES & STOCHASTIC PROCESSES

UNIT 1: PROBABILITY:Definitions, sample, space & events, joint & conditional
probability, dependent events.

UNIT 2: RANDOM VARIABLES: Introduction, distribution & density functions, discrete
& continuous random variables, special distributions: binominal, poisson, uniform,
exponential, normal, rayleigh.conditional distribution & density functions.

UNIT 3: MULTIPLE RANDOM VARIABLES Vector random variable, joint distribution
functions, joint probability density function, conditional distribution & density functions.
Statistical independence, distribution & density function of sum of random variable, one
function of one random variable, one function of two random variable, two function of
two random variable.

UNIT 4: OPERATION ON SINGLE & MULTIPLE RANDOM VARIABLES: Mean &
ariance, moments, chebyshev’s inequality, Central limit theorem, characteristic
functions & moment generating function, covariance & correlation coefficient of multiple
random variable.

UNIT 5: STOCHASTIC PROCESSES: Introduction, random process concept, stationary
& independence, ergodicity, correlation, functions. Gaussion Random Process,
Transmission of Random process through linear systems. Power spectral Density,
Cross Spectral density,

BOOKS
• Cllasical Electrodynamics, Jackson, Wiley
• Probability, Statistics And Random Processes, Veerarajan,
• Probability, Random Variables And Stochastic Processes, Papoulis, TMH
• Probability, Random Variables And Random Signal Principles, Peebles, TMH
• Probability And Random Processes With Application To Signal Processing, Stark, TMH
• Probability And Random Processes For Electrical Engineering, Leongarcia, Pearson
• Probability & Measure, Billingsley, Pearson
• An Introduction To Probability Theory & Its App., Feller, Wiley
• Probability & Statistics In Engg., Hines, Wiley

4EC6.1 OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

UNIT 1: OOP FUNDAMENTALS: Concept of class and object, attributes, public, private
and protected members, derived classes, single & multiple inheritance,

UNIT 2: PROGRAMMING IN C++: Enhancements in C++ over C, Data types, operators
and functions. Inline functions, constructors and destructors. Friend function, function
and operator overloading. Working with class and derived classes. Single, multiple and
multilevel inheritances and their combinations, virtual functions, pointers to objects.
Input output flags and formatting operations. Working with text files.

UNIT 3: JAVA: Variation from C++ to JAVA. Introduction to Java byte code, virtual
machine, application & applets of Java, integer, floating point, characters, Boolean,
literals, and array declarations.

UNIT 4: OPERATORS AND CONTROL STATEMENTS: Arithmetic operators, bit wise
operators, relational operators, Boolean logic operators, the assignment operators, ?:
operators, operator precedence. Switch and loop statements.

UNIT 5: PACKAGE AND INTERFACES: Packages, access protection, importing &
defining packages. Defining and implementing interfaces.

BOOKS
• Object Oriented Programming With C++, Sahay,
• Object Oriented Programming With C++, Josuttis, Oxford
• An Inteoduction To Programming & Oo Design Using Java, J.Nino&F.A.Hosch, Wiley
• Object Oriented Programming With C++, Shukla, Wiley
• OOP, Timothy Budd, Wiley
• Object Oriented Programming With C++, Balagurusamy, Pearson
• Programming With C++ (Sie) (Schaum's Outline Series), Hubbard, TMH
• Mastering C++, Venugopal, TMH
• Programming With C++, Ravichandran, TMH

4EC6.2 - DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

UNIT 1 :Introduction Need, purpose and goals of DBMS. DBMS Architecture, Concept
of keys, Generalisation and specialization, Introduction to Relational data model, ER
Modeling, Relational algebra.

UNIT 2: DATABASE DESIGN : Conceptual Data Base design. Theory of normalization,
Primitive and composite data types, concept of physical and logical databases, data
abstraction and data independence,. Relational calculus.

UNIT 3 : SQL : DDL and DML. Constraints assertions, views, data base security.
Application Development using SQL : Host language interface, embedded SQL
programming. GL's, Forms management and report writers. Stored procedures and
triggers.

UNIT 4 INTERNAL OF RDBMS - Physical data organization in sequential, indexed,
random and hashed files. Inverted and multilist structures.

UNIT 5 : Transaction processing, concurrency control, Transaction model properties
and state serialisability. Lock base protocols, two phase locking, Log based recovery
Management.

Books

• Date C J, “An Introduction To Database System”, Addision Wesley
• Korth, Silbertz, Sudarshan, “Database Concepts”, McGraw Hill
• Elmasri, Navathe, “Fundamentals Of Database Systems”, Addision Wesley
• Leon & Leon, “Database Management System”, Vikas Publishing House.
• Bipin C. Desai, “An introduction to Database Systems”, Galgotia Publication
• Majumdar & Bhattacharya, “Database Management System”, TMH
• Ramakrishnan, Gehrke, “Database Management System”, McGraw Hill
• Kroenke, “Database Processing: Fundamentals, Design and Implementation”,
Pearson Education.
• Maheshwari Jain, “DBMS: Complete Practical Approach”, Firewall Media, New
Delhi.

4EC6.3 COMPUTER GRAPHICS

UNIT 1 : Introduction to interactive computer graphics, picture analysis, overview of
programmer's model of interactive graphics. Fundamental problems in geometry,
Hardware for Computer Graphics.

UNIT 2 : BASIC RASTER GRAPHICS - Scan conversion algorithms for line, Circle,
Ellipse, Filling algorithms, Line Clipping and Polygon clipping

UNIT 3 : GEOMETRIC MANIPULATION : 2 D and 3 D Transformation, Composite
Transformations, Concept of Homogenous Coordinates Viewpoints.

UNIT 4 : ELEMENTRY 3 D GRAPHICS – Types of Projections, Vanishing Points,
specification of 3 D View, Matrices for Parallel and Perspective Projections. Visibility;
Image and object precision, z-buffer algorithms, area based algorithms, floating horizon.

UNIT 5: RENDERING - Ray tracing, antialiasing, Gourard and Phong Shading. Curves
and Surfaces : Parametric Representation, Bezier and B-Spline curves.

Books

• David F Rogers – Procedural Elements for Computer Graphics – McGraw-Hill.
• Foley, Vandam, Feiner & Huges – Computer Graphics Principles and Practice –
Addison Wesley.
• Newman & Sproul – Principles of Interactive Computer Graphics.
• David F Rogers and Adams – Mathematical Elements for Computer Graphics.

PG-10

4EC7 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB-II

Programs in C++
1. Write a program to perform the complex arithmetic.
2. Write a program to perform the rational number arithmetic.
3. Write a program to perform the matrix operations. (Transpose, addition, subtraction, multiplication,
test if a matrix is symmetric/ lower triangular/ upper triangular)
4. Implement Morse code to text conversion and vice-versa.
5. To calculate Greatest Common Divisor of given numbers.
6. To implement tower of Hanoi problem.
Program in Java
7. To implement spell checker using dictionary.
8. To implement a color selector from a given set of colors.
9. To implement a shape selector from a given set of shapes.
10. By mapping keys to pens of different colors, implement turtle graphics.
11. To implement a calculator with its functionality.
12. To implement a graph and display BFS/DFS order of nodes.

4EC8 ELECTRONICS LAB II

1. Plot gain-frequency characteristics of BJT amplifier with and without negative feedback in the
emitter circuit and determine bandwidths, gain bandwidth products and gains at 1kHz with and
without negative feedback.
2. Study of series and shunt voltage regulators and measurement of line and load regulation and
ripple factor.
3. Plot and study the characteristics of small signal amplifier using FET.
4. Study of push pull amplifier. Measure variation of output power & distortion with load.
5. Study Wein bridge oscillator and observe the effect of variation in R & C on oscillator frequency
6. Study transistor phase shift oscillator and observe the effect of variation in R & C on oscillator
frequency and compare with theoretical value.
7. Study the following oscillators and observe the effect of variation of C on oscillator frequency: (a)
Hartley (b) Colpitts
8. Design Fabrication and Testing of k-derived filters (LP/HP).
9. Study of a Digital Storage CRO and store a transient on it.
10. To plot the characteristics of UJT and UJT as relaxation.
11. To plot the characteristics of MOSFET and CMOS.

PG-11

4EC9 DIGITAL ELECTORNICS LAB

1. To study and perform the following experiments.
(a) Operation of digital multiplexer and demultiplexer.
(b) Binary to decimal encoder.
(c) Characteristics of CMOS integrated circuits.
2. To study and perform experiment- Compound logic functions and various combinational circuits
based on AND/NAND and OR/NOR Logic blocks.
3. To study and perform experiment -Digital to analog and analog to digital converters.
4. To study and perform experiment- Various types of counters and shift registers.
5. To study and perform experiment - Interfacing of CMOS to TTL and TTL to CMOS ICs.
6. To study and perform experiment- BCD to binary conversion on digital IC trainer.
7. To study and perform experiment -
(a) Astable (b) Monostable (c) Bistable Multivibrators and the frequency variation with different
parameters, observe voltage waveforms at different points of transistor.
8. To study and perform experiment -Voltage comparator circuit using IC-710.
9. To study and perform experiment- Schmitt transistor binary circuit.
10. Design 2 bit binary up/down binary counter on bread board.

4EC10 HUMANITIES

UNIT 1 : INDIA- Brief History of Indian Constitution- framing, features, fundamental rights, duties,
directive principles of state. History of Indian national movement, Socio economic growth after
independence.
UNIT 2 : SOCIETY – Social Groups- Concepts and types, socialization- concept and theory, social
control; concept, social problem in contemporary India, status and role.
UNIT 3 : THE FUNDAMENTALS OF ECONOMICS – Meaning, definition and importance of economics,
Logic of choice, Central Economic Problems, Positive and Normative approaches, economic systems-
socialism and capitalism.
UNIT 4 : MICROECONOMICS –Law of demand and supply, Utility approach, Indifference curves,
Elasticity of demand & supply and applications, Consumer surplus, Law of returns to factors and returns
to scale.
UNIT 5: MACRO ECONOMICS –Concept relating to national product-National income and its
measurement, Simple Keynesian theory, Simple multiplier, Money and banking,- Meaning, Concept of
international trade, Determination of exchange rate, Balance of payments. Characteristics of Indian
Economy.

5EC1 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION: Continuous time and discrete time systems, Properties of
systems. Linear time invariant systems - continuous time and discrete time. Properties
of LTI systems and their block diagrams. Convolution, Discrete time systems described
by difference equations.

UNIT 2: FOURIER SERIES REPRESENTATION OF SIGNALS: Fourier series
representation of continuous periodic signal & its properties, Fourier series
representation of Discrete periodic signal & its properties, Continuous time filters &
Discrete time filters described by Diff. equation.

UNIT 3: FOURIER TRANSFORM: The continuous time Fourier transform for periodic
and aperiodic signals, Properties of CTFT. Discrete time Fourier transform for periodic
and aperiodic signals. Properties of DTFT. The convolution and modulation property.

UNIT 4: Z-TRANSFORM & LAPLACE TRANSFORM: Introduction. The region of
convergence for the Z-transform. The Inverse Z-transform. Two dimensional Z-
transform. Properties of Z transform. Laplace transform, Properties of Laplace
Transform, Application of Laplace transform to system analysis.

UNIT 5: SAMPLING: Mathematical theory of sampling. Sampling theorem. Ideal & Real
sampling. Interpolation technique for the reconstruction of a signal from its samples.
Aliasing. Sampling in freq. domain. Sampling of discrete time signals.

BOOKS
• Principles Of Linear Systems And Signals, 2e (Intl. Version), Lathi 2nd, Oxford
• Signal & Systems 3e, Chen 3rd, Oxford
• Fundamentals Of Signals And Systems, Wiley
• Signals And Systems, P Rao, TMH
• Signals And Systems: A Simplified Approach, Ganesh Rao, 4e, Pearson
• Signals And Systems: Continuous And Discrete, Roger E Ziemer, 4e, PHI
• Signals And Systems, Ravi Kumar, PHI

5EC2 LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

UNIT 1: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS: Basic differential amplifier analysis, Single
ended and double ended configurations, Op-amp configurations with feedback, Op-amp
parameters, Inverting and Non-Inverting configuration, Comparators, Adder.

UNIT 2: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER APPLICATIONS:
Integrator, Differentiator, Voltage to frequency & Frequency to voltage converters.
Oscillators: Phase shift, Wien bridge, Quadrature, square wave, triangular wave,
sawtooth oscillators. Voltage controlled oscillators.

UNIT 3: ACTIVE FILTERS: Low pass, high pass, band pass and band reject filters, All
pass filter, Switched capacitor filter, Butterworth filter design, Chebyshev Filter design.

UNIT 4: PHASE-LOCKED LOOPS: Operating Principles of PLL, Linear Model of PLL,
Lock range, Capture range, Applications of PLL as FM detector, FSK demodulator, AM
detector, frequency translator, phase shifter, tracking filter, signal synchronizer and
frequency synthesizer, Building blocks of PLL, LM 565 PLL.

UNIT 5: LINEAR IC’s: Four quadrant multiplier & its applications, Basic blocks of linear
IC voltage regulators, Three terminal voltage regulators, Positive and negative voltage
regulators. The 555 timer as astable and monostable multivibrators. Zero crossing
detector, Schmitt trigger.

BOOKS
• Linear Circuits (Includes Cd), Ramakalyan-, Oxford
• Linear Circuit Analysis, Decarlo, Oxford
• Linear Integrated Circuits, Nair, Wiley
• Analysis And Design Of Analog Integrated Circuits, Gray, 5e, Wiley
• Analog Mos Integrated Circuits For Signal Processing-Gregorian, Gregorian, 1e, Wiley
• Linear Integrated Circuits, S Salivahanan, TMH
• Electronic Circuits: Discrete And Integrated, Donald Schilling, TMH
• Op-Amps And Linear Integrated Circuits, Gayakwad, Ramakant A, PHI

5EC3 TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

UNIT 1: TRANSMISSION LINE: Types of transmission lines, general transmission line
equation, line constant, equivalent circuits, infinite line, and reflection on a line, SWR of
line with different type of terminations. Distortion less and dissipation less lines, Coaxial
cables, Transmission lines at audio and radio frequencies, Losses in transmission line,.
Characteristics of quarter wave, half wave and lines of other lengths,

UNIT 2:TRANSMISSION LINE APPLICATIONS:Smith chart and its application.
Transmission line applications, Impedance matching Network. Single & double Stub
matching. Measurement of parameters of transmission line, measurement of
attenuation, insertion loss, reflection coefficient and standing wave ratio.

UNIT 3: ATTENUATORS & FILTERS: Elements of telephone transmission networks,
symmetrical and Asymmetrical two port networks. Different Attenuators, π-section & T-
section attenuators, stub matching, Transmission equalizers Filters, constant K-section,
Ladder type, π-section, T-section filter, m-derived filter sections, Lattics filter section.

UNIT 4: TELEPHONE TRANSMISSION: Telephone set, Touch tone dial types, two
wire/ four wire transmission, Echo suppressors & cancellors, cross talk. Multi-channel
systems: Frequency division & time division multiplexing.

UNIT 5: AUTOMATIC TELEPHONY & TELEGRAPHY: Trunking concepts, Grade of
service, Traffic definitions, Introduction to switching networks, classification of switching
systems. Principle of Electronic Exchange, EPABX and SPC Digital telephone
Exchange, Numberig Plan, Fascimile services.

BOOKS
• Digital Telephony, Bellamy, Wiley
• Fields And Waves In Communication Electronics 3ed By Ramo, Wiley

5EC4 ANALOG COMMUNICATION

UNIT 1: NOISE EFFECTS IN COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS: Resistor noise, Networks
with reactive elements, Noise temperature, Noise bandwidth, effective input noise
temperature, Noise figure. Noise figure & equivalent noise temperature in cascaded
circuits.

UNIT 2: AMPLITUDE MODULATION: Frequency translation, Recovery of base band
signal, Spectrum & power relations in AM systems. Methods of generation &
demodulation of AM-DSB, AM-DSB/SC and AM-SSB signals. Modulation & detector
circuits for AM systems. AM transmitters & receivers.

UNIT 3: FREQUENCY MODULATION: Phase & freq. modulation & their relationship,
Spectrum & band width of a sinusoidally modulated FM signal, phasor diagram, Narrow
band & wide band FM. Generation & demodulation of FM signals. FM transmitters &
receivers.. Comparison of AM, FM & PM. Pre emphasis & deemphasis. Threshold in
FM, PLL demodulator.

UNIT 4: NOISE IN AM AND FM: Calculation of signal-to-noise ratio in SSB-SC, DSB-
SC, DSB with carrier, Noise calculation of square law demodulator & envelope detector.
Calculation of S/N ratio in FM demodulators, Super heterodyne receivers.

UNIT 5: PULSE ANALOG MODULATION: Practical aspects of sampling: Natural and
flat top sampling. PAM, PWM, PPM modulation and demodulation methods, PAM-TDM.

BOOKS
• Modern Digital & Analog Communication Systems, Lathi, Oxford
• Analog Communication, Chandrasekhar, Oxford
• An Introduction To Analog & Digital Communications-, Haykins, Wiley
• Digital And Analog Communication Systems-, Shanmugam, Wiley
• Communications Systems, 4ed-, Haykins, Wiley
• Principles Of Communication Systems, Herbert Taub, Donald Schilling, Goutam Saha-,
TMH
• Communication Systems, R Singh, S. Sapre, TMH
• Analog Communication, K. N. Hari Bhat, Pearson
• Digital & Analog Communication Systems, Leon W. Couch, Pearson

5EC5 MICROWAVE ENGINEERING-I

UNIT 1: WAVE GUIDES:Introduction of Microwaves and their applications. Rectangular
Waveguides, Solution of Wave equation in TE and TM modes. Power transmission and
Power losses. Excitation of modes in Rectangular waveguides, circular waveguides:
Basic idea of TE and TM modes, field patterns, TEM mode of propagation.

UNIT 2: WAVEGUIDE COMPONENTS: Scattering matrix representation of networks.
Rectangular cavity and circular cavity resonators. Waveguide Tees, Magic Tees. Hybrid
rings. Waveguide corners, Bends and twists. Directional couplers, Circulators and
isolators.

UNIT 3: KLYSTRONS: Limitation of conventional vacuum tubes, Construction and
operation of two cavity & multicavity klystrons. Velocity modulation and electron
bunching (analytical treatment), Applegate diagram and applications of two cavity
klystrons. Construction, working and operation of Reflex klystron. Applications and
practical considerations. Velocity modulation, power output and frequency
characteristics of a Reflex klystron. Electron admittance.

UNIT 4: TRAVELLING WAVE TUBES (TWT): Construction, operation and practical
consideration of helix type TWT. Introduction to CW power, pulsed dual mode TWT.
Coupled cavity TWT. Applications of TWT.

UNIT 5: MAGNETRON: Types of Magnetron. Construction, operation, analysis and
practical consideration of cavity or travelling wave magnetron. Introduction to coaxial,
frequency angle and voltage tunable magnetrons. Backward cross field oscillator,
Forward wave cross field amplifier.

BOOKS
• Foundations For Microwave Engineering – R.E. Collin, R.E. Collin, Wiley
• Microwave Engineering By, Pozar, Wiley
• Microwave Engineering, Annapurna Das, Sisir Das, TMH
• Microwave Devices And Circuits, 3, Samuel Y. Liao, Pearson
• Microwave Devices And Circuit Design, Ganesh Prasad Srivastava, Vijay Laxmi Gupta,
PHI
• Microwave Semiconductor Devices, Roy Mitra, PHI

5EC6.1 BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION

UNIT 1: HUMAN BODY SUBSYSTEMS: Brief description of neural, muscular,
cardiovascular and respiratory systems; their electrical, mechanical and chemical
activities.
TRANSDUCERS AND ELECTRODES: Principles and classification of transducers for
Bio-medical applications, Electrode theory, different types of electrodes, Selection
criteria for transducers and electrodes.

UNIT 2: BIOPOTENTIALS: Electrical activity of excitable cells, ENG, EMG, ECG, ERG,
EEG. Neuron potential.
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM MEASUREMENTS: Measurement of blood pressure,
blood flow, cardiac output, cardiac rate, heart sounds, Electrocardiograph,
phonocardiograph, Plethysmograph, Echocardiograph.

UNIT 3: INSTRUMENTATION FOR CLINICAL LABORATORY: Measurement of pH
valve of blood, ESR measurement, hemoglobin measurement, O2 and CO2
concentration in blood, GSR measurement.Instrumentation for clinical laboratory:
Spectrophotometry, chromatography, Hematology, Measurement of pH value,
concentration in blood.
MEDICAL IMAGING: Diagnostic X-rays, CAT, MRI, thermography, Ultrasonography,
medical use of isotopes, endoscopy.

UNIT 4: PATIENT CARE, MONITORING AND SAFETY MEASURES: Elements of
Intensive care monitoring basic hospital systems and components, physiological effect
of electric current shock hazards from electrical equipment, safety measures, Standards
& practices.
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS AND BIOTELEMETRY: Real time computer
applications, data acquisition and processing, remote data recording and management.

UNIT 5: THERAPEUTIC AND PROSTHETIC DEVICES: Introduction to cardiac
pacemakers, defibrillators, ventilators, muscle stimulators, diathermy, heart lung
machine, Hemodialysis, Applications of Laser.

BOOKS
• Medical Instrumentation: Application And Design, 3ed-, Webster, Wiley
• Biomedical Signal Processing, D Reddy, TMH
• Electronics In Medicine And Biomedical Instrumentation, PHI

5EC6.2 ADVANCED DATA STRUCTURES

UNIT 1 : ADVANCED TREES - Definitions and operations on weight balanced trees
(Huffman trees), 2-3 trees and Red-Black trees. Augmenting Red-Black trees to
dynamic order statistics and interval tree applications. Operations on disjoint sets and
its Union-Find problem. Implementing sets, discitionerics, priority queues and
concatenable queues using 2-3 trees.

UNIT 2 : MERGEABLE HEAPS - Mergeable Heap operations, binomial trees,
implementing binomial heaps and its operations. 2-3-4- trees and 2-3-4 heaps.
Structure and potential function of Fibonacci heap. Implementing Fibonacci Heap.

UNIT 3 : GRAPH THEORY DEFINITIONS - Definitions of Isomorphism, Components,
Circuits, Fundamental Circuits, Cut-sets, Cut-Vertices, Planer and dual graphs,
Spanning trees, Kuratovski’s two graphs.

UNIT 4 : GRAPH THEORETIC ALGORETHMS - Algorithms for connectedness, finding
all spanning trees in a weighted graph and planarity testing. Breadth first and depth first
search, topological sort, strongly connected components and, articulation point.

UNIT 5 : APPLICATION OF GRAPHS- Single source shortest path and all pair shortest
path algorithms. Min-Cut Max-Flow theorem of network flows, Ford-Fulkerson Max Flow
algorithms.

Books

• “ Data Structures using C” by A.M. Tanenbaum.
• “The C Programming Language” by Kerninghan.
• “An introduction to data structures with applications: by Trembly and Sorenson.
• “Fundamentals of Data structures” by Horowitz and Sahani.

5EC6.3 COMPUTER ORIENTED NUMERICAL & STATISTICAL METHODS

UNIT 1 : MATRIX COMPUTATION: Algebra of matrix, Inverse of a matrix, Rank of a
matrix, Matrix inversion by Gauss elimination, Computer programs for matrix inversion.

UNIT 2 : SOLUTION OF LINEAR EQUATIONS: Cramer’s rule, Gauss elimination,
Gauss Jordan elimination and Gauss Seidal iterative method and their implementation
in C.

UNIT 3 : SOLUTION OF NON-LINEAR EQUATIONS: Interval bisection method,
Secant method, Regula- Falsi method, Curve fitting, Method of least squares and their
implementation in C.

UNIT 4 : SOLUTION OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS: Euler’s method, Modified
Euler’s method, Runge Kutta method of fourth order, Solution of partial differential
equation with special reference to heat equation, Laplace equation and wave equation
Milne’s and their implementation in C.

UNIT 5 : STATISTICAL METHODS: Curve fitting methods – method of least squares,
fitting a straight line, parabola. Correlation and Linear regression.

Books

• Numerical methods for Scientific and Engineering Computation by M.K.Jain,
S.R.K.Iyengar, R.K. Jain.
• Elementary Numerical Analysis by Samuel D.Conte and Cart de Boor, McGraw Hill
International Edition.
• Numerical methods for Science and Engineering, PHI by R.G.Stanton
• Computer based numerical algorithms by E.V. Krishnamoorthy
• Introduction to Numerical Analysis by E. Atkinson

D:Electronics_APPROVED RTU SYLLABUSESBTech (EC) RTUMODIFIED III BTechSYLL(EC).doc
PG-5

5EC7 ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DESIGN LAB

To design the following circuits, assemble these on bread board and test them.
Simulation of these circuits with the help of appropriate software.

1. Op-Amp characteristics and get data for input bias current, measure the output-offset voltage and
reduce it to zero and calculate slew rate.
2. Op-Amp in inverting and non-inverting modes.
3. Op-Amp as scalar, summer and voltage follower.
4. Op-Amp as differentiator and integrator.
5. Design LPF and HPF using Op-Amp 741
6. Design Band Pass and Band reject Active filters using Op-Amp 741.
7. Design Oscillators using Op-Amp (i) RC phase shift (ii) Hartley (iii) Colpitts
8. Design (i) Astable (ii) Monostable multivibrators using IC-555 timer
9. Design Triangular & square wave generator using 555 timer.
10. Design Amplifier (for given gain) using Bipolar Junction Transistor.

5EC8 MICROWAVE ENGINEERING LAB

1. Study of various microwave components and instruments like frequency meter, attenuator, detector &
VSWR meter.
2. Draw V-I characteristics of microwave source like Gunn diode/ Reflex Klystron.
3. Measurement of frequency and wavelength in a rectangular waveguide.
4. Measurement of VSWR (small as well as large values) & reflection coefficient.
5. Measure an unknown impedance with smith chart.
6. Draw the following characteristics of Gunn Diode
(i) Output power and frequency as a function of voltage
(ii) Square wave modulation by PIN diode.
7. Drawing polar pattern of Horn antenna.
8. To observe the action of directional coupler and its use in separating incident & reflected wave.
9. Study of Magic Tee, Circulator, isolator
10. Study of spectrum analyzer & its use in observing the response of
(i) High frequency amplifier
(ii) Low pass, high pass, band pass, band reject filters.

PG-6

5EC9 COMMUNICATION LAB-I

1. Harmonic analysis of a square wave of a modulated wave form.
2. Observe the Amplitude modulated wave form & measure modulation index. Demodulation of AM
signal.
3. Generation & Demodulation of DSB – SC signal.
4. Modulate a sinusoidal signal with high frequency carrier to obtain FM signal. Demodulation of the FM
signal.
5. To observe the following in a transmission line demonstrator kit :
(a) The propagation of pulse in non reflecting transmission line.
(b) The effect of losses in transmission line.
(c) Transmission with standing waves on a Transmission line.
(d) The resonance characteristics of a half-wave length long X-mission line.
6. (a) To observe the operation of sampling and sample & hold circuits.
(b) To study the effect of sampling time (sampling pulse width).
(c) To study the effects of changing the sampling frequency & observing aliasing phenomena.
7. To study & observe the operation of a super heterodyne receiver.
8. To study & observe the amplitude response of automatic gain controller (AGC ).
9, 10. PAM, PWM & PPM: Modulation and demodulation.

5EC10 – SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB-I

Simulation in MATLAB Environment:

1. Generation of continuous and discrete elementary signals (periodic and non-periodic) using
mathematical expression.
2. Generation of Continuous and Discrete Unit Step Signal.
3. Generation of Exponential and Ramp signals in Continuous & Discrete domain.
4. Continuous and discrete time Convolution (using basic definition).
5. Adding and subtracting two given signals. (Continuous as well as Discrete signals)
6. To generate uniform random numbers between (0, 1).
7. To generate a random binary wave.
8. To generate random sequences with arbitrary distributions, means and variances for following :
(a) Rayleigh distribution
(b) Normal distributions: N(0,1).
(c) Gaussion distributions: N (mx, σx2)
9. To plot the probability density functions. Find mean and variance for the above distributions

6EC1-MICROWAVE ENGINEERING-II

UNIT 1: MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS: Detection of microwaves, Microwave power
measurement, Impedance measurement, Measurement of scattering parameters,
Frequency measurement, VSWR measurements.

UNIT 2: Introduction to microstrip lines, Parallel striplines, Coplanar striplines, Shielded
striplines, Slot lines, Integrated Fin line, Non-radiative guide, Transitions, Bends and
Discontinuities.

UNIT 3: MICROWAVE NETWORK ANALYSIS: Impedance and Admittance matrices,
Scattering matrix, Reciprocal networks and Loss less networks parameters, ABCD
Matrix, Equivalent circuits for Two port Network, Conversions between two port network
Signal flow graphs, Discontinuities in waveguides and microstrip.

UNIT 4: MICROWAVE SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES: Construction, Operation and
Practical applications of PIN diode, varactor and Tunnel diode, Gunn diode, IMPATT,
TRAPTT diodes, BJT, JFET, MESFET, CCD, MASER and LASER.

UNIT 5: MONOLITHIC MICOWAVE INTEGRATED CIRCUITS: Introduction, Materials,
MMIC Growth, MOSFET fabrication, Thin film formation, Hybrid integrated circuit
fabrication, Advantages & Difficulties of MICs.

BOOKS
• Microwave Engineering, Annapurna Das, Sisir Das, TMH
• Foundations For Microwave Engineering, R.E. Collin, Wiley
• Microwave Devices And Circuits, Samuel Y. Liao, Pearson
• Microwave Engineering, Pozar, Wiley
• Microwave Engineering, M.L. Sisodiya, New Age

6EC2 MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER

UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION: CPU, address bus, data bus and control bus. Input/ Output
devices, buffers, encoders, latches and memories.

UNIT 2: 8085 MICROPROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE: Internal data operations and
registers, pins and signals, peripheral devices and memory organization, interrupts.
CISC and RISC architecture overview.

UNIT 3: 8085 MICROPROCESSOR INSTRUCTIONS: Classification, format and timing.
Instruction set. Programming and debugging, 8 bit and 16 bit instructions.

UNIT 4: 8085 MICROPROCESSOR INTERFACING: 8259, 8257, 8255, 8253, 8155
chips and their applications. A/D conversion, memory, keyboard and display interface
(8279).

UNIT 5: INTRODUCTION TO 8051 MICROCONTROLLER: General features &
architecture of 8051. Memory, timers and interrupts. Pin details. Interfacing and
applications.

BOOKS
• 8051 Microcontroller: Hardware, Software And Application., V Udayashankara, M
Mallikarjunaswamy, TMH
• Introduction To Microprocessors, Mathur, TMH
• Modern Microprocessors, Korneev, Wiley
• The 8085 Microprocessor: Architecture, Programming And Interfacing, K. Udaya Kumar,
Pearson
• Microprocessor Interfacing And Applications, B.P.Singh, New Age
• Microprocessor: Architecture, Programming And Application For 8085, Goankar,
Penram International
• Microprocessor: Architecture, Programming And System Featuring In 8085, William
A.Routt, Delmur Pub
• The 8051 Microcontrollers & Embedded Systems, Mazidi, Pearson

6EC3 INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS

UNIT 1: SEMICONDUCTOR POWER DEVICES - Basic characteristics & working of
Power Diodes, Diac, SCR, Triac, Power Transistor, MOSFETs, IGBT, and GTO.

UNIT 2: RECTIFIERS & INVERTERS - Working principles of single and three phase
bridge rectifiers, Voltage and current source inverters.

UNIT 3: POWER SUPPLIES: Principle of operation of choppers. Step up, Step down
and reversible choppers. High frequency electronic ballast, Switch Mode Power Supply:
Fly back converter, forward/buck converter, Boost converter and buck-boost converter.
Uninterruptible Power Supply.

UNIT 4: MOTOR CONTROL: Introduction to speed control of DC motors using phase
controlled converters and choppers, Basic idea of speed control of three phase
induction motors using voltage and frequency control methods.

UNIT 5: Stepper Motors: Variable reluctance, Permanent magnet and hybrid stepper
motors. Induction and dielectric heating control.

BOOKS
• Power Electronics Principles & Applications, Joseph Vithayathil, TMH
• Power Eletronics, Ravish Singh, TMH
• Industrial Electronics And Control, Ttti, TMH
• Power Electronics: Converters Applications., Mohan, Robbins, Wiley
• Power Electronics, Moorthi, Oxford
• Elements Of Power Electronics, Krein, Oxford
• Power Electronics, R.S.Murthy, Pearson
• Power Electronics: Circuits, Devices And Applications, Muhammad.H.Rashid, Pearson

6EC4 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

UNIT 1: PCM & DELTA MODULATION SYSTEMS: Uniform and Non-uniform
quantization. PCM and delta modulation, Signal to quantization noise ratio in PCM and
delta modulation. DPCM, ADM, T1 Carrier System, Matched filter detection. Error
probability in PCM system.

UNIT 2: BASE BAND TRANSMISSION: Line coding(RZ, NRZ): Polar, Bipolar,
Manchester, AMI. Inter symbol interference, Pulse shaping, Nyquist criterion, Raised
cosine spectrum.

UNIT 2: DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUES: Geometric interpretation of signals,
Orthogonalization.
ASK, BPSK, BFSK, QPSK, MSK modulation techniques and Coherent detection of
these techniques.
Calculation of error probabilities.

UNIT 4: INFORMATION THEORY: Amount of Information, Average Information,
Entropy, Information rate, Increase in Average information per bit by coding, Shannon's
Theorem and Shannon's bound, Capacity of a Gaussian Channel, BW-S/N trade off,

UNIT 5: CODING: Coding and decoding of Information, Hamming code, Single Parity-
Bit Code, Linear Block code, cyclic code & convolutional code.

BOOKS
• Analog And Digital Communication, Hwei Hsu, Debjani Mitra, TMH
• Digital Commnunication, Amitabha Bhattacharya, TMH
• Schaums Outline And Digital Communication, Hwei Hsu, TMH
• Taub’s Principles Of Communication Systems, Taub & Schilling, TMH
• Electronic Communication Systems, Kennedy, TMH
• Analog And Digital Communication, Sudakshina Kundu, Pearson
• Digital Communication, Sklar & Ray, Pearson
• Digital Communication, Ian Glover, Pearson
• Modern Digital And Analog Communication Systems, Lathi, Oxford
• Digital Communications, Simon Haykin, Wiley
• Digital And Analog Communication Systems, K.Sam Shanmugam, Wiley
• An Introduction To Analog And Digital Communication System, Simon Haykin, Wiley
• Information Theory And Network Coding, Raymond W, Springer
• Principle Of Digital Communication, J.Das, New Age
• Digital Commnunication, Barry John, Le, Edward, David.G, Springer

6EC5 CONTROL SYSTEMS

UNIT 1: CONTROL SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND COMPONENTS: Examples and
application of open loop and close loop systems. Brief idea of multivariable control
system, Brief idea of Z-transform and digital control systems. Differential equations.
Determination of transfer function by block diagram reduction technique & signal flow
graph method.

UNIT 2: TIME RESPONSE ANALYSIS OF FIRST ORDER & SECOND ORDER
SYSTEMS: Transient response analysis. Steady state error & error constants. Dynamic
error and dynamic error coefficient, Performance Indices.

UNIT 3: FREQUENCY DOMAIN METHODS: Bode plot, Design specification in
frequency domain and their co-relation with time domain.

UNIT 4: STABILITY OF THE SYSTEM: Absolute stability and relative stability. Routh’s
stability criterion, Hurwitz criterion. Root locus method of analysis. Polar plots, Nyquist
stability criterion. M and N loci, Nicholas charts.

UNIT 5: STATE VARIABLE ANALYSIS: Concepts of state, state variable and state
model. State models for linear continuous time systems. Brief idea of state variable
analysis in discrete time domain. Transfer functions, Solution of state equation.
Concepts of controllability & observabilitY

BOOKS
• Control System Engineering, S Palani, TMH
• Control Systems, Manjita Srivastava, Mahesh Srivastava, Smriti Bhatnagar, TMH
• Schaum's Outline Of Feedback And Control Systems, Allen Stubberud, Ivan Williams,
Joseph Distefano, TMH
• Control Systems: Principles & Design, M. Gopal, TMH
• Control Systems Engineering, S. K. Bhattacharya, Pearson
• Design Feedback Controk System, Stefani, Oxford
• Systems And Control, Zak, Oxford
• Automatic Control Systems, B. C. Kuo, Wiley
• Control Systems Engg., Norman S. Nise, Wiley
• Control System, N.K.Sinha, New Age
• Control System Engineering, J.Nagrath, New Age
• Control System, Ghosh, Pearson

6EC6.1 NEURAL NETWORKS

UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION: Introduction to Neural Networks, Biological basis for NN,
Human brain, Models of a Neuron, Directed Graphs, Feedback, Network architectures,
Knowledge representation, Artificial intelligence & Neural Networks.

UNIT 2: LEARNING PROCESSES: Introduction, Error –Correction learning, Memory –
based learning, Hebbian learning, Competitive learning, Boltzmann learning, Learning
with a Teacher & without a teacher, learning tasks, Memory, Adaptation.

UNIT 3: SINGLE LAYER PERCEPTRONS: Introduction, Least-mean-square algorithm,
Learning Curves, Learning rate Annealing Techniques, Perceptron, Perceptron
Convergence Theorem.

UNIT 4: MULTI LAYER PERCEPTRONS: Introduction, Back-Propagation Algorithm,
XOR Problem, Output representation and Decision rule, Feature Detection, Back-
Propagation and Differentiation, Hessian Matrix, Generalization.

UNIT 5: RADIAL-BASIS FUNCTION NETWORKS & SELF-ORGANISING MAPS:
Introduction to Radial basis function networks, Cover’s Theorem on the Separability of
Patterns, Interpolation Problem, Generalized Radial-Basis function networks, XOR
Problem. Self-Organizing map, Summary of SOM Algorithm, Properties of the feature
map.

BOOKS
• Artificial Neural Networks, Jacek M Zurada, Pws Pub Co
• Neural Networks: A Classroom Approach, Satish Kumar, TMH
• Artificial Neural Networks, Christina Ray, TMH
• Neural Networks For Pattern Reconization, Bishop, Oxford
• Neural Network In Soft Computing Framework, Swamy, Springer
• Fundamentals Of Neural Networks: Architectures, Algorithms And Applications.,
Fausett, Pearson
• Learning And Soft Computing: Support Vector Machines, Neural Networks, And Fuzzy
Logic Models, Vojislav Kacman, Pearson
• Fuzzy Logic And Neural Networks:, Chennakesava R, New Age

6EC6.2 PARALLEL COMPUTATION & ARCHITECTURE

UNIT 1 : INTRODUCTION - Synchronous and asynchronous paradigms of parallel
computing.

UNIT 2 : HARDWARE TAXONOMY – Flynn’s classification, Handler’s classification,
Software taxonomy, Kung’s taxonomy, SPMD.

UNIT 3 : ABSTRACT PARALLEL COMPUTATIONAL MODELS – Combinational
circuits, Sorting networks, PRAM models, interconnection RAMs.

UNIT 4 : PARALLEL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES:

Performances Matrices – Laws governing performance measurements, metrics-speed
up, efficiency utilization, communication, overheads, single/multiple programme
performances, benchmarks.

UNIT 5 : PROCESSOR ARRAYS:

Basic Algorithms – Fast Fourier Transform, Linear System Solution, Sorting etc.

BOOKS

• Kai Hwang, “Advanced Computer Architecture”, Mc Graw Hill
• Hwang and Briggs, “Advanced Computer Architecture”, Mc Graw Hill

6EC6.3 OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES

UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION -Historical development, engineering application of
optimization, Formulation of design problems as a mathematical programming problem,
Classification of optimization problems.

UNIT 2: LINEAR PROGRAMMING - Simplex methods, Revised simplex method,
Duality in linear programming, post optimality analysis.

UNIT 3: Applications of Linear programming, Transportation and assignment problems.
UNIT 4: NON-LINEAR PROGRAMMING - Unconstrained optimization techniques,
Direct search methods, Descent methods, Constrained optimization, Direct and Indirect
methods.

UNIT 5: Dynamic Programming: Introduction, multi-decision processes, computational
procedure

BOOKS

• Hiller and Lieberman, Introduction to Operation Research (Seventh Edition) Tata
McGrawHill Publishing Company Ltd

• Ravindren Philips and Solberg, Operation Research Principles and Practice (Second
Edition) John Wiley & Sons.

PG-11

6EC7 COMMUNICATION LAB-II

1. (a) To observe sampling of analog signal. Identify & solve the aliasing problem.
(b) To observe the Transmission of two signals over a single channel using sampling methods.

2. TDM-PAM: Modulation & demodulation.
3. Operation of a PCM encoder & decoder.
4 TDM-PCM: Modulation & demodulation.
5. Observe the performance of a Delta modulation system & to derive from it a delta sigma modulation
system.
6. To generate and study the various data formatting schemes (Unipolar, Bi-polar, Manchester,AMI etc.).
7. Generate ASK signals, with and without carrier suppression. Demodulation of these two types of
modulated signal.
8. Generate the FSK wave forms & demodulate the FSK signals based on the properties of
(a) Tuned circuits (b) PLL
9. Generate the PSK signals and demodulate it.

Simulation using any virtual Instrumentation Software:
10. To carry out convolution in both continuous time and discrete time systems.
11. Companding and multiplexing of PCM signals.
12. Perform various keying Techniques: PSK, ASK, FSK & MSK.

6EC8 MICROPROCESOR LAB

1. Study the hardware, functions, memory structure and operation of 8085 microprocessor kit.
2. Program to perform integer division: (i) 8-bit by 8-bit (ii) 16-bit by 8-bit.
3. Transfer of a block of data in memory to another place in memory in the direct and reverse order.
4. Searching a number in an array and finding its parity.
5. Sorting of array in: (i) Ascending (ii) Descending order
6. Programme to perform following conversion: (i) BCD to ASCII (ii) BCD to Hexadecimal
7. Programme to multiply two 8-bit numbers.
8. Programme to generate and sum 15 fibanocci numbers.
9. Programme for rolling display of message “INDIAN”.
10. To insert a number at correct place in a sorted array.
11. Serial and Parallel data transfer on output port 8155 & 8255 & designing of disco light, running light,
and sequential lights on off by above hardware.
12. Generation of different waveform on 8253/ 8254 programmable timer.

PG-12

6EC9 UNIX SHELL PROGRAMMING LAB

1. Use of Basic Unix Shell Commands: ls,mkdir,rmdir,cd,cat,banner,touch,file,wc,sort,cut,grep,
dd,dfspace,du,ulimit.
2. Commands related to Inode,I/O redirection and piping, process control commands, mails.
3. Shell Programming: Shell script exercises based on following
(i) Interactive shell scripts
(ii) Positional parameters
(iii) Arithmetic
(iv) if-then-fi, if-then-else-fi, nested if-else
(v) Logical operators
(vi) else + if equals elif, case structure
(vii) while, until, for loops, use of break
(viii) Metacharacters
(ix) System administration: disk management and daily administration
4. Write a shell script to create a file in $USER /class/batch directory. Follow the instructions
(i) Input a page profile to yourself, copy it into other existing file;
(ii) Start printing file at certain line
(iii) Print all the difference between two file, copy the two files at $USER/CSC/2007 directory.
(iv) Print lines matching certain word pattern.
5. Write shell script for-
(i) Showing the count of users logged in,
(ii) Printing Column list of files in your home directory
(iii) Listing your job with below normal priority
(iv) Continue running your job after logging out.

6. Write a shell script to change data format .Show the time taken in execution of this script.
7. Write a shell script to print files names in a directory showing date of creation & serial number of the
file.
8. Write a shell script to count lines, words and characters in its input(do not use wc).
9. Write a shell script to print end of a Glossary file in reverse order using Array. (Use awk tail)
10. Write a shell script to check whether Ram logged in, Continue checking further after every 30 seconds
till success.

6EC10 INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS LAB

1. Study the characteristics of SCR.
1.1 Observe the terminal configuration.
1.2 Measure the breakdown voltage.
1.3 Measure latching and holding current.
1.4 V-I characteristics.
2 Perform experiment on triggering circuits for SCR.
2.1 R-triggering circuit.
2.2 R-C triggering circuit.
2.3 UJT triggering circuit.
3 Study and obtain the characteristics of Diac.
4 Study and obtain the waveforms for single-phase half-wave controlled converter.
5 Study and obtain the waveforms for single-phase half controlled symmetrical and asymmetrical bridge
converters.
6 Study and obtain the waveforms for single-phase fully controlled bridge converter.
7 Study and obtain the waveforms for voltage-commutated chopper.
8 Study and obtain the waveforms for current-commutated chopper.
9 Perform experiment on single phase PWM inverter.
10 Perform experiment on buck, boost and buck-boost regulators.
11 Perform experiment on Motor control – open loop & closed loop.

7EC1- ANTENNA & WAVE PROPAGATION

UNIT 1: ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS - Antenna parameters, Radiation from a current
element in free space. Quarter & half wave antenna. Reciprocity theorem. Resonant
and non-resonant antenna. Effective length and aperature, gain, beamwidth, directivity,
radiation resistance, efficiency, polarization, impedance and directional characteristics
of antenna, antenna temperature.
.
UNIT 3: ANTENNAS - V and Rhombic antennas, Folded dipole, Yagi-Uda antenna,
Frequency independent antennas, Log-periodic antennas, UHF and Microwave
antennas- Antenna with parabolic reflectors, Horn and Lens antennas, Helical antennas,
Square and Circular loop antennas, Fundamentals of Slot and Microstrip antennas.

UNIT 2: ANTENNA ARRAYS - Two element array, N-element linear arrays, Broadside,
End fire, collinear and combination arrays, Multiplication of patterns, Binomial arrays.
Effect of ground on antennas, Antenna loading
Antenna Measurements - Antenna impedance, radiation pattern, gain, directivity,
polarization and phase measurements

UNIT 4: RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION - Mechanism of radio wave propagation,
Reflection, Refraction interference and diffraction of radio waves. Theory of ground
wave, space wave and sky wave propagation. Plane earth reflection, Reflection factors
for horizontal and vertical polarizations. Duct propagation and tropospheric scattering.

UNIT 5: Various Ionospheric layers. Characteristics of ionosphere and its effects on
wave propagation. Critical frequency, Virtual height, skipzone & maximum usable
frequency. Multiple hop transmission. Oblique & vertical incidence transmission. Effect
of earth's magnetic field, solar activity and meteorological conditions on wave
propagation.

BOOKS
• Antennas, John Kraus, Ronald Marhefka, TMH
• Electromagnetic Waves And Radiating Systems, E.C. Jordan And K.G. Balmain, PHI
• Antenna Theory: Analysis And Design, Constantine A. Balanis , John Wiley & Sons
• Antenna Theory & Design, Robert S. Elliott, John Wiley & Sons
• Antennas And Wave Propagation, G. S. N. Raju , Pearson
• Antennas And Wave Propagation, A.R. Harish, M. Sachidananda, Oxford
• Antenna Hand
• BOOK: Antenna Theory, Y. T. Lo, S. W. Lee, Springer
• Antenna Theory And Practice, Chatterjee, R., New Age International

7EC2 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

UNIT 1: SAMPLING - Discrete time processing of Continuous-time signals, continuous-
time processing of discrete-time signals, changing the sampling rate using discrete-time
processing.

UNIT 2: TRANSFORM ANALYSIS OF LTI SYSTEMS - Introduction, The frequency
response of LTI systems, System functions for systems characterized by LCCD (Linear
Constant Coefficient Difference) equations, All-pass system, Minimum-Phase systems,
Linear systems with linear phase.

UNIT 3: STRUCTURES FOR DISCRETE-TIME SYSTEMS- Block diagram and signal
flow graph representation of LCCD (LCCD – Linear Constant Coefficient Difference)
equations, Basic structures for IIR and FIR systems, Transposed forms.

UNIT 4: FILTER DESIGN TECHNIQUES - Introduction, Analog filter Design:
Butterworth & Chebyshev.IIR filter design by impulse invariance & Bilinear
transformation. Design of FIR filters by Windowing: Rectangular, Hanning, Hamming &
Kaiser.

UNIT 5: The Discrete Fourier transform (DFT), Properties of the DFT, Linear
Convolution using DFT. Efficient computation of the DFT: Decimation–in-Time and
Decimation-in frequency FFT Algorithms. Processing of speech signals: Vocoders,
linear predictive coders.

BOOKS
• Digital Signal Processing, Sanjit K Mitra, TMH
• Digital Signal Processing, S.Salivahanan A Vallavaraj, C.Gnanapriya, TMH
• Digital Signal Processing: Principals, Algorithms And Applications, John G.Proakis,
Dimitris G Manolakis, PHI
• Digital Signal Processing, A.V. Oppenheim And R.W. Schaffer, PHI
• Digital Signal Processing, Thomas J. Cavicchi, John Wiley & Sons
• Digital Signal Processing, Emmanuel Ifeachor, Barry Jervis, Pearson
• Digital Signal Processing, Chi-Tsong Chen, Oxford
• Digital Signal Processing, Engelberg, Shlomo, Springer
• Digital Signal Processing For Measurement , D Antona, Gabriele, New Age International

7EC3 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

UNIT 1: PROPAGATION PHENOMENA - Fundamentals of fading, Multipath channels,
Spread Spectrum signals: Direct-sequence spread spectrum signals, p-n sequences,
Frequency-hopped spread spectrum signals, Code-division multiplexing.

UNIT 2: LINE OF SIGHT MICOWAVE COMMUNICATION- Link Engineering,
Frequency planning, Free space loss, Fresnel zone clearance bending of radio beam,
Effective earth radius, Building blocks of Transmitter & Receiver.

UNIT 3: MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES - FDMA, TDMA and CDMA with reference
to mobile radio and satellite systems. TDMA based networks. CDMA based networks,

UNIT 4: CELLULAR WIRELESS NETWORKS-, GSM: Introduction, overview of the
GSM systems, GSM codec, channel coding and interleaving, radio like control. Cordless
systems and WLL, Mobile IP, Wireless access protocol. Wireless LAN’s: Technology,
IEEE 802.11 standards and Blue tooth. Broadband Wireless 802.16

UNIT 5: SATELLITE COMMUNICATION - Elements of satellite communication:
Frequency bands, Transmission and multiplexing. Modulation, Multiple access. Satellite
orbit and description- orbital period and velocity, effects of orbital inclination, Azimuth
and elevation, Coverage angle and slant range, Geostationary orbit, Satellite
description. Earth Station antenna, high-power amplifier, low-noise amplifier, up
converter, down converter, monitoring and control, reliability. Satellite Link: basic link
analysis,

BOOKS
• Mobile Cellular Telecommunications, W.C.Y. Lee, TMH
• Wireless Communication And Networking, Misra, TMH
• Fundamentals Of Satellite Communications, K.N. Raja Rao, PHI
• Wireless Broadband Networks, David T. Wong, Peng-Yong Kong, John Wiley & Sons
• Satellite Communications, Timothy Pratt, Charles Bostian And, John Wiley & Sons
• Wireless Communications, Theodore S. Rappaport, Pearson
• Wireless Communication And Networking, William Stallings, Pearson
• Wireless Communication, Upena Dalal, Oxford
• Broadband Wireless Communications, Jiangzhou Wang, Springer
• Wireless And Mobile Communication, Kumar, Sanjeev, New Age International

7EC4 IC TECHNOLOGY

UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO TECHNOLOGIES- Semiconductor Substrate-Crystal
defects, Electronic Grade Silicon, Czochralski Growth, Float Zone Growth,
Characterization & evaluation of Crystals; Wafer Preparation- Silicon Shaping, Etching
and Polishing, Chemical cleaning.

UNIT 2: DIFFUSION & ION IMPLANTATION- Ficks diffusion Equation in One
Dimension, Atomic model, Analytic Solution of Ficks Law, correction to simple theory,
Diffusion in SiO2. Ion Implantation and Ion Implantation Systems Oxidation. Growth
mechanism and Deal-Grove Model of oxidation, Linear and Parabolic Rate co-efficient,
Structure of SiO2, Oxidation techniques and system, Oxide properties.

UNIT 3: CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION AND LAYER GROWTH- CVD for
deposition of dielectric and polysilicon – a simple CVD system, Chemical equilibrium
and the law of mass action, Introduction to atmospheric CVD of dielectric, low pressure
CVD of dielectric and semiconductor. Epitaxy-Vapour Phase Expitaxy, Defects in
Epitaxial growth, Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition, Molecular beam epitaxy.

UNIT 4: PATTERN TRANSFER- Introduction to photo/optical lithography, Contact/
proximity printers, Projection printers, Mask generation, photoresists. Wet etching,
Plasma etching, Reaction ion etching.

UNIT 5: VLSI PROCESS INTEGRATION- Junction and Oxide Isolation, LOCOS
methods, Trench Isolation, SOI; Metallization, Planarization. Fundamental consideration
for IC Processing, NMOS IC Technology, CMOS IC Technology, Bipolar IC Technology.

BOOKS
• Vlsi Technology, Sze, TMH
• Semiconductor Devices: Modelling And Technology, Nandita Dasgupta, Amitava
Dasgupta, PHI
• Fundamentals Of Semiconductor Fabrication, Gary S. May, S.M.Sze, John Wiley &
Sons
• Semiconductor Devices: Physics And Technology, Simon M. Sze, John Wiley & Sons
• Introduction To System Design Using Integrated Circuits, Sonde, B.S., New Age
International
• Micro-Nanofabricationtechnologies And Applications, Cui, Zheng, Springer

7EC5 VLSI DESIGN

UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO MOS TECHNOLOGY- Basic MOS transistors,
Enhancement Mode transistor action, Depletion Mode transistor action, NMOS and
CMOS fabrication.

UNIT 2: BASIC ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF MOS CIRCUITS- Ids versus Vds
relationship, Aspects of threshold voltage, Transistor Transconductance gm. The nMOS
inverter, Pull up to Pull-down ratio for a NMOS Inverter and CMOS Inverter (Bn/Bp),
MOS transistor circuit Model, Noise Margin.

UNIT 3: CMOS LOGIC CIRCUITS- The inverter, Combinational Logic, NAND Gate
NOR gate, Compound Gates, 2 input CMOS Multiplexer, Memory latches and registers,
Transmission Gate, Gate delays, CMOS-Gate Transistor sizing, Power dissipation.

UNIT 4: Basic physical design of simple Gates and Layout issues. Layout issues for
inverter, Layout for NAND and NOR Gates, Complex Logic gates Layout, Layout
optimization for performance.

UNIT 5: Introduction to VHDL, Prolog & other design tools. VHDL Code for simple Logic
gates, flip-flops, shift registers.

BOOKS

• CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits Analysis , Sung-Mo (Steve) Kang, TMH
• Essentials Of Vlsi Circuits And Systems, Kamran Eshraghian, Eshraghian, PHI
• Introduction To Vlsi Circuits And Systems, John P. Uyemura, John Wiley & Sons
• Modern Vlsi Design, Wayne Wolf, Pearson
• Principles Of Cmos Vlsi Design, Neil H.E.Weste, Pearson
• Cmos Logic Circuit Design, Uyemura, John P., Springer
• Vlsi Design, Shanthi, A. Kavitha, A., New Age International
• Vlsi Design And Technology, Bose, D.N., New Age International

7EC6.1 ADVANCED MICROPROCESSORS

UNIT 1 : 8086 ARCHITECTURE- Hardware specifications, Pins and signals, Internal
data operations and Registers, Minimum and maximum mode, System Bus Timing,
Linking and execution of Programs, Assembler Directives and operators.

UNIT 2: SOFTWARE & INSTRUCTION SET- Assembly language programming:
addressing mode and instructions of 8086, MACRO programming, 8086 interrupts.

UNIT 3: ANALOG INTERFACING: A/D and D/A converter interfacing, keyboard and
display interfacing, RS 232 & IEEE 488 communication standards.

UNIT 4 : DIGITAL INTERFACING: Programmable parallel ports, Interfacing
microprocessor to keyboard and alphanumeric displays, Memory interfacing and
Decoding , DMA controller.

UNIT 5 : MULTIPROCESSOR CONFIGURATIONS - Multiuser / Multitasking operating
system concepts, 8086 based Multiprocessor systems. Introduction and basic features
of 286, 386, 486 & Pentium processors.

BOOKS

• The 8088 AND 8086 microprocessors By Walter A. Trebel & Avtar Singh (PHI)
• 8086 Microprocessor By Uffenbeck (PHI)
• The Intel Microprocessors 8086/8088, 80186/80188, 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium
And Pentium Pro Processor Architecture, programming and interfacing. By Barry B.
Brey (PHI)

7EC6.2 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE & EXPERT SYSTEMS

UNIT 1 : INTRODUCTION TO AI KNOWLEDGE- Importance of AI, Knowledge Base
System Knowledge organization & manipulation, Conceptual Introduction to LISP and
other AI programming Languages.

UNIT 2 : KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION- Syntax Semantics, Inference Rules,
Non-deductive Inference methods, and representations using rules, forward chaining
and backward chaining. Fuzzy Logic & Natural languages computations. Probabilistic
Reasoning. Object Oriented Representations.

UNIT 3 : KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION & MANIPULATION- Search & control
strategies, matching techniques, knowledge organization & management, Genetic
Algorithms based search techniques.

UNIT 4 : KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE- Rule based, non-production,
uncertainty knowledge system building tools.

UNIT 5 : KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION- General concepts, learning by induction.

BOOKS

• Char nick “Introduction to Artificial Intelligence”, Addision Wesley.
• Rich & Knight, “Artificial Intelligence”.
• Winston, “LISP”, Addison Wesley.
• Marcellous, “Expert Systems Programming”, PHI.
• Elamie, “Artificial Intelligence”, Academic Press.

7EC6.3 OPERATING SYSTEMS

UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION – History, Operating system services, types, responsibilities,
generations, LINUX, WINDOWS.

UNIT 2: PROCESS MANAGEMENT- Operations on process, Process state,
Scheduling, Criteria, scheduling algorithms, Evaluation, Synchronization, Semaphores,
Monitors.

UNIT 3: MEMORY MANAGEMENT- Swapping, Continuous memory allocation, Paging,
Pure paging, Demand paging, Page-replacement algorithms, thrashing, Example-
Pentium, Disk Scheduling.

UNIT 4: INFORMATION MANAGEMENT- File and directory concept, Access methods,
Protection, Free space management, Efficiency and performance, Access matrix,
Capability-based systems, Program-threats, User authentication, Firewall.

UNIT 5: DEAD LOCKS- System model, Dead lock characterization, Deadlock
prevention, Avoidance, Detection, Recovery, Classic problems of synchronization.

BOOKS

• Operating Systems, Dhamdhere, TMH
• Operating System:, Crowley, TMH
• Modern Operating Systems, Andrew S Tanenbaum, PHI
• Operating Systems:, Pal Chaudhury, PHI
• Operating System Principles, Peter B. Galvin, Greg Gagne, John Wiley & Sons
• Operating Systems, Gary Nutt, Pearson
• Operating Systems: Internals And Design Principles, William Stallings, Pearson

D:Electronics_APPROVED RTU SYLLABUSESBTech (EC) RTUMODIFIED IV BTech SYLL(EC).doc
PG-5

7EC8 SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB-II

Modeling and simulation using MAT LAB

1. Realising a given block diagram having multiplier, adder/subtractor and system (Discrete/Continuous)
with given Impulse response. Calculating output for given input.
2. To simulate the transmitter and receiver for BPSK
3. To design and simulate FIR digital filter (LP/HP).
4. To design and simulate IIR digital filter (LP/HP).

DSP Lab using TMS320C6XXX DSP Kits

5. To study the architecture of TMS320C6XXX DSP kits using Bloom with DSP.
6. To generate wave form (SINE, COSINE, SQUARE & TRIANGULAR).
7. Verification of Sampling Theorem.
8. Verification of linear/circular convolution.
9. To design FIR and FIR digital filter ( LP/HP).

7 EC9 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION LAB

1. Measurement of antenna characteristics :
Radiation Pattern on polar plots, Beam width and Gain of main lobe for the following types of
antennas.
(a) Half wave and quarter wave dipole
(b) Folded dipole
(c) Yagi UDA multiple element folded dipole
(d) Hertz Antenna
(e) End fire array and broad side array
(f) Helix antenna
(g) Paraboloid reflector antenna
(h) Loop antenna
(i) Ground plane antenna
(j) Log periodic antenna
(k) Rhombus antenna
(l) Slot antenna

2. Demonstration of modeling of wire antenna using appropriate design software.
3. Simulation of antenna arrays using appropriate software.
4. Design and testing of microstrip rectangular patch antenna using appropriate software.
5. Investigate the transmission characteristics of the link and measure the gain of the microstrip patch
antennas. Draw the antenna radiation diagram.
6. Radar Trainer: Working of Doppler radar, velocity of moving object, time and frequency measurement
and other applications.
7. To perform Modulation, Demodulation and BER measurement using CDMA – DSSS Trainer.
8. To establish analog/digital communication link and transmit & receive three signals (audio, video,
tone) simultaneously using Satellite Communication Trainer.
9. To study GPS Receiver, establishing link between GPS satellite & GPS trainer and measure of latitude
& longitude

8EC1 COMPUTER NETWORKS

UNIT 1: QUEUING THEORY- Pure birth, Pure death & Birth-death processes,
Mathematical models for M/M/1, M/M/∞, M/M/m, M/M/1/K and M/M/m/m queues. Little’s
formula. M/G/1 Queuing model basics.

UNIT 2: DATA LINK LAYER - Packet & Circuit switching, OSI & TCP/IP Reference
Models, Framing, Simplex protocol, Simplex stop & wait protocol, Sliding window
protocol, Go back N protocol, selective repeat, HDLC, Data link layer in internet.

UNIT 3: MEDIUM LAYER- Static & dynamic channel allocation, Multiple Access
Protocols: ALOHA, slotted ALOHA, CSMA, Token Bus, Token Ring, FDDI, IEEE
standards 802.2, 802.3 Hubs, Bridges, Routers & Gateways.

UNIT 4: NETWORK LAYER- Network layer Design issues.
Adaptive & Non-adaptive routing algorithms, Congestion control algorithms for TCP/IP
networks, Internetworking, Network layer in the Internet: IPv4 & IPv6 Protocols, OSPF
and BGP.
TCP Protocol architecture.

UNIT 5: ATM NETWORKS- Connection Oriented Networks: X.25, Frame Relay & ATM.
ISDN system architecture. Broadband ISDN. ATM Protocol architecture, Recognition
Algorithm in ATM Networks, Congestion control Algorithms.

BOOKS
• Computer Network, Leon And Garcia, TMH
• Data Communication And Networking(Sie), Forouzan, TMH
• Computer Network, Tanenbaum, Pearson
• Computer Networking, Kurose, Pearson
• Computer Networking And Inernet, Halsell, Pearson
• Digital Telephony, 3rd Ed, James Irvine & David Harle, Wiley
• Line Communication System: Telecommunication Switching Approach, Das, Apurba,
New Age
• Telecommunication Switching And Networks, Gnanasivam, New Age

8EC2-RADAR & TV ENGINEERING

UNIT 1: RADAR - Radar Block diagram, frequencies and applications. Radar range
equation. Continuous wave (CW) & FM radar; Moving target indicator (MTI): Delay line
cancellers, blind velocity Pulse Doppler Radar. Tracking radar sequential lobbing,
Conical scan and monopulse radar, Types of display, Radar receivers, Noise figure.

UNIT 2: NAVIGATIONAL AIDS - Principle of operation of Radar direction finder & range
system. LORAN system, DME, TACAN, Aircraft landing systems.

UNIT 3: TV ENGINEERING- Theory of scanning standards, Principles of Monochrome
and colour T.V. system (PAL, SECAM, NTSC). Composite video signal analysis.
T.V Cameras: Image orthicon, plumbicon, vidicon. CCD camera tubes.
Types of Monochrome and colour picture tubes, set-up adjustments. LCD and Plasma
displays

UNIT 4: Picture, colour and sound carriers. Vestigial side band transmission. Encoding
picture information. Chrominance modulation. Compatibility of colour and monochrome
T.V. systems. Block diagram of T.V. transmitters. TV transmission & reception
antennas.

UNIT 5:TV RECEIVER: Functional block diagram of T.V. receiver, R.F. Tuner, I.F.
amplifier, Video detector, video amplifier, AGC, Synch. Separation, Sync. Processing
and AFC. Deflection oscillators, vertical & horizontal deflection and sound system
circuits. EHT generation. Common faults and their diagnosis. Basic idea of HDTV, DBS-
TV and 3D-TV.

BOOKS
• Radar Principles, By Peyton Z. Peebles, Oxford
• Radar Hand
• BOOK, By Merrill I. Skolnik, Oxford
• Television Engineering And Video System, By Rg Gupta, TMH
• Television & Video Engineering, By Dhake, TMH
• Modern Television Practice – Principle, R.R. Gulati, New Age
• Monochrome And Colour Tv, By R.R. Gulati, New Age
• Components, And Circuits Hand
• BOOK (Hardcover), By Ferril Losee, New Age

8EC3-OPTICAL COMMUNICATION

UNIT 1: OPTICAL FIBERS - Basic optical laws and definitions, Principles of light
propagation in fibers, Ray theory, Optical fiber modes and configurations, Step index
and graded index fibers, Monomode and multimode fibers, Fiber materials, fiber
fabrication, Fiber optic cables. Attenuation, signal distortion in optical fibers, Dispersion-
intra modal & inter modal, Dispersion shifted and flattened fiber.

UNIT 2: OPTICAL SOURCES - LED’s- Structure, Materials, Characteristics, Modulation,
Power & efficiency, Laser Diodes - Basic concept, Hetro Structure, properties and
modulation.

UNIT 3: OPTICAL DETECTORS - PIN and Avalanche photo diodes, photo detector
noise, detector response time, Avalanche multiplication noise. Photo diode materials.
Fundamental of Optical Receiver Operation.

UNIT 4: OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS- Source to fiber coupling, fiber
to fiber joints, fiber splicing, fiber connectors. Principal components. Link design
calculation, Applications, Wavelength division multiplexing.

UNIT 5: OPTICAL FIBER MEASUREMENTS: Measurements of Fiber attenuation,
Dispersion, refractive index profile, Numerical aperture & diameter.

BOOKS
• Optical Fibre And Laser: Principles And Applications, De, Anuradha, New Age
• Opto Electronics And Fibre Optics Communication, Sarkar, D.C,
• Optical Fiber Communications: Principles And Practice, G P Agrawal, Govind P
Agrawal, Wiley
• Optical Fiber Communications: Principles And Practice, John Senior, PHI
• Fiber Optics Communications, Joseph C Palais, PHI
• Fiber- Optic Communications Technology, Lowell L Scheiner, PHI
• Fiber Optics Communications, Harold Kolimbiris, PHI
• Understanding Fiber Optics, Jeff Hecht, PHI
• Optical Communication System, Johan Gowar, PHI
• Fiber Optics And Optoelectronics, Khare, Oxford
• Introduction To Optical Fiber Communications Systems, William B. Jones, Oxford
• Optical Wdm Networks - Principles And Practice, Biswanath Mukherjee, Oxford
• Optical Fiber Communication: Principles And Practice,: John M Senior, Pearson
• Fiber Optics Communication(With Cd), Kolimbiris, Pearson
• Fiber Optics Communication Technology, Mybaev, Pearson
• Optical Communication, Palais, Pearson
• Optical Fiber Communications, Keiser, Gerd, TMH
• Fiber Optics Communications, Gerard Lachs, Bepdf, TMH
• Optical Fiber Communication: Principles And Systems, Selvarajan, A, TMH

8EC4. 1 IMAGE PROCESSING AND PATTERN RECOGNITION

UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION: Imaging in ultraviolet and visible band. Fundamental steps in
image processing. Components in image processing. Image perception in eye, light and
electromagnetic spectrum, Image sensing and acquisition using sensor array.

UNIT 2: DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTALS: Image sampling and quantization,
Representing digital images, Spatial and gray-level resolution, Aliasing and Moiré
patterns, Zooming and Shrinking digital images.

UNIT 3: IMAGE RESTORATION: Image restoration model, Noise Models, Spatial and
frequency properties of noise, noise probability density functions, Noise - only spatial
filter, Mean filter Statistic filter and adaptive filter, Frequency domain filters - Band reject
filter, Band pass filter and Notch filter.

UNIT 4: IMAGE COMPRESSION: Compression Fundamentals - Coding Redundancy,
Interpixel redundancy, Psycho visual redundancy and Fidelity criteria. Image
Compression models, Source encoder and decoder, Channel encoder and decoder,
Lossy compression and compression standards. Color space formats, scaling
methodologies (like horizontal, vertical up/down scaling). Display format (VGA, NTSC,
PAL).

UNIT 5: EXPERT SYSTEM AND PATTERN RECOGNITION: Use of computers in
problem solving, information representation, searching, theorem proving, and pattern
matching with substitution. Methods for knowledge representation, searching, spatial,
temporal and common sense reasoning, and logic and probabilistic inferencing.
Applications in expert systems and robotics

BOOKS

• Digital Image Processing Using MATLAB, Gonzalez, Woods and Eddins, Gatesmark
Publishing
• Applications of Pattern Recognition, Fu, K.S., CRC Press
• Digital Image Restoration, Andrews, H.C. Hunt, B.R., Prentice Hall, Englewood
Cliffs.
• Applications of Digital Signal Processing, Oppenheim, A.V.,Prentice Hall Englewood
Cliffs.
• Digital Image Processing, Gonzalez, R.C. & Wintz, P.A., Reading, Addison-Wesley.
• Digital Image Processing, Pratt, W.K., New York: Wiley
• Digital Image Processing of Remotely Sensed Data, Hord, R.M., Academic Press.
• Pattern Recognition: Human and Mechanical, Watanabe, S., Wiley
• Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, Jain, A.K., Prentice Hall
• Algorithms for Graphics and Image Processing, Pavlidis, T., Computer Sc.Press
• Selected Papers on Digital Image Processing, Trivedi, M.M., Optical Engg Press.
• The Image Processing Handbook, Ross, J.C., CRC Press, Boca Raton

8EC4.2 VHDL

UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION – Fundamental & history of various hardware description
language, Design flow of ASICs and and standard logic circuits using software.

UNIT 2: COMBINATIONAL CIRCUIT BUILDING BLOCKS- Multiplexer, Decoders,
encoders, Code Converters, VHDL Code for Combinational Circuits.

UNIT 3: SEQUENCIAL CIRCUITS: VHDL code for Flip-Flops, shift registers, Counters.

UNIT 4: SYNCHRONOUS/ ASYNCHRONOUS SEQUENCIAL CIRCUITS: Mealy &
Moore type FSMs, VHDL Code for Mealy & Moore Machines, VHDL Codes for Serial
Adder, Vending Machine.

UNIT 5: DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN- Building Block circuits, Memory organization,
SRAM, Design examples of divider, Multiplier, Shifting & Sorting Operations, Clock
Synchronization, CPU organization and design concepts.

BOOKS

• VHDL: Programming By Example, Douglas Perry, Oxford
• The Designer's Guide To Vhdl, Peter J. Ashenden, Oxford
• VHDL (Text BOOK Binding), Douglas L. Perry, Thh
• VHDL For Programmable Logic, Skahill, Pearson
• Introductory VHDL : From Simulation To Synthesis, Yalamanchili, Pearson
• Circuit Design With VHDL , By Volnei A Pedroni, PHI

8EC4.3 MICROCONTROLLER AND EMBEDED SYSTEMS

UNIT 1 : THE 8051 MICROCONTROLLER: Introduction, The 8051 microcontroller
hardware, I/O pins, Port, External memory, Counters and Timers, Serial data. Interrupts.

UNIT 2 : 8051 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING: Addressing modes,
External data moves, push and pop opcodes, Logical operations, Byte level and bit level
logical operations. Arithmetic operations, Jump and call instructions, Interrupts &
returns.

UNIT 3: REAL TIME CONTROL: Interrupts, Multiple sources of interrupts, Non
maskable sources of interrupts, Interrupt structure in 8051,Timers,Free running counter
& Real Time control .

UNIT 4: SYSTEM DESIGN: Serial I/O interface, Parallel I/O ports interface, Digital and
Analog interfacing methods, LED array, keyboard, Printer, Flash memory interfacing.

UNIT 5: INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDED SYSTEM: Application of Microcontrollers in
interfacing, Robotics, MCU based measuring instruments. Real Time Operating System
for System Design, Multitasking System, Task Definition in a Multitasking System,
Round Robin Scheduling, Full Pre-emptive Scheduling, Basic study and Features of
Commercial RTOS : WINCE and Embedded Linux.

BOOKS:

• B. B. Brey: The Intel Microprocessors, Architecture, Programming and Interfacing,
Pearson Education.
• Liu Gibson: Microcomputer Systems: The 8086/8088 Family- Architecture,
Programming And Design , PHI
• D. V. Hall: Microprocessors and Interfacing, TMH
• Mazidi and Mazidi: The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems, Pearson
Education.
• Ayala Kenneth:- The 8051 microcontroller, Third Edition, Cengage Learning
• A. V. Deshmukh: Microcontroller (Theory and Application), TMH.
• Raj Kamal: Embedded Systems- Architecture, Programming and Design, TMH,
• V. Udayashankara and M. S. Mallikarjunaswamy: 8051 Microcontroller, TMH,

PG-9

8EC5 COMPUTER NETWORK PROGRAMMING LAB

1. PRELIMINARIES: Study and use of common TCP/IP protocols and term viz. telnet rlogin ftp, ping,
finger, Socket, Port etc.
2. DATA STRUCTURES USED IN NETWORK PROGRAMMING: Representation of unidirectional, ,
Directional weighted and unweighted graphs.
3. ALGORITHMS IN NETWORKS: computation of shortest path for one source-one destination and
one source –all destination.
4. SIMULATION OF NETWORK PROTOCOLS:
(i) Simulation of M/M/1 and M/M/1/N queues.
(ii) Simulation of pure and slotted ALOHA.
(iii) Simulation of link state routing algorithm.
5. Case study : on LAN Training kit
(i) Observe the behavior & measure the throughput of reliable data transfer protocols under
various Bit error rates for following DLL layer protocols-
a. Stop & Wait
b. Sliding Window : Go-Back-N and Selective Repeat
(ii) Observe the behavior & measure the throughput under various network load conditions for
following MAC layer Protocols
a. Aloha
b. CSMA, CSMA/CD & CSMA/CA
c. Token Bus & Token Ring
6. DEVELOPMENT OF CLIENT SERVER APPLICATION:
(i) Develop ‘telnet’ client and server which uses port other than 23.
(ii) Write a finger application which prints all available information for five users currently logged on
and are using the network for longest duration. Print the information in ascending order of time.

8EC6 INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENT

UNIT 1 : Organizational forms, Profit maximization and other objectives of industrial firms, Theory of
profitability, Economies of scale.
Financing of Industries- Need and sources of finance, Role of special financial institutions, Investment
criteria-NPV, IRR.
UNIT 2 : Approaches to industrial location analysis, Productivity analysis, Input-Output analysis,
Concentration of economic power.
New Industrial Policy – Critical analysis, Role of technology and entrepreneurship in industrial
development.
UNIT 3: Management – Principles of management, functions-planning, Organization staffing, Directing,
Controlling, Coordination, Decision making.
UNIT 4 : Production Management – Total quality management, JIT, Quality circle, Quality-ISO9000,
ISO14000, KANBAN, Bench marking, Effective communication.
UNIT 5: Labour Legislations.

PG-10

8EC7 VLSI & Optical fiber LAB

PART-I

Schematic design and make Device Level Layout of following circuits.
1. BJT/FET Amplifier in various configuration..
2. Counters, Shift Registers & Sequence Decoders.
3. Various circuits with Op-Amp.

PART-II

Design of following ckt using appropriate software like VHDL/ FPGA.
4. 3-input NAND gate.
5. Half adder.
6. D-Latch.
7. Serial in-serial out shift register.

PART-III

To perform following experiments based on Fiber Optic Trainer.
8. To set up Fiber Optic Analog link.
9. To set up fiber Optic Digital link.
10. Measurement of Propagation loss and numerical aperture.
11. Characterization of laser diode and light emitting diode.

Syllabus b.tech (electronics & communication)

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