Symbian os

Index
• Introduction
• Requirements
• Symbian running mobiles
• History
• UI Design Platforms
• Features of Symbian
• Multimedia In Symbian
• Layers
• Java Virtual Machine
• Enhancements In Symbain OS V9
• C++ In Symbian
• Conclusion

Symbian OS is an operating system
for mobile devices with limited
resources, multitasking needs and soft
real time requirements.
It’s based on a modular, layered,
micro-kernel approach.
INTRODUCTION


 Resilient power-management
 Careful use of memory resources
 Multi-tasking (e.g., phone calls
messages, alarms, games, WAP
browser, camera, Bluetooth app, etc.)
 Soft Real-Time (e.g., incoming phone call)
 Robust
Requirements

The Symbian OS Works on the
following Handsets
• Motorola A1000
• FOMA F880iES
• Nokia 3230
• BenQ P30
• FOMA F900iC
• Nokia 7710
• Sony Ericsson P910
• FOMA F901iC
• Arima U300
• Nokia 7610
• Panasonic X700
• Lenovo P930
• FOMA F900i
• FOMA F900iT
• FOMA F900iC
• Nokia 7710
• Sony Ericsson P910
• FOMA F901iC
• Lenovo P930
• FOMA F900i
• FOMA F900iT
• Panasonic X800
• KIA 6600
• FOMA F700i
• Motorola A1010
• Nokia N-Gage QD
• and many more…

History
Symbian OS was designed for mobile
devices, from its earliest incarnation as
EPOC32 in the Psion Series 5.
Symbian OS is a consortium formed in
1998 and owned by Psion, Nokia, Sony
Ericsson, Panasonic (Matsushita), and
Siemens.
The shareholders are licensees of
Symbian OS. In addition, because
Symbian OS is an open platform, any
manufacturer can license it.

UI Design Platforms
 Leading UI design
 Platform
 Owned by Nokia
 Key based GUI
 Designed for onehanded
 operation
Series 60(S60)

Series 80(S80)
 Owned by Nokia
 Two-handed operation
 Designed for business
 Large colour landscape display
 Full keyboard
UI Design Platforms

UI Design Platforms
 Large touch landscape
 colour screen with stylus
 On-screen keyboard
 Handwriting recognition
Series 90(S90)

Key Features of Symbian OS V6
 Rich suite of application
engines
 includes engines for
contacts, schedule, messaging, br
owsing, utility and system control;
OBEX for exchanging objects
such as appointments (using the
industry standard vCalendar) and
business cards (vCard);
 Browsing
 A WAP stack is provided with
support
for WAP 1.2.1 for mobile browsing

 Messaging
 Multimedia messaging
(MMS), enhanced messaging (EMS)
and SMS
 Multimedia
 Audio and video support for
recording, playback and streaming;
image conversion
 Graphics
 Direct access to screen and
keyboard for high performance;
graphics accelerator API

Communications protocols
Mobile telephony
 Symbian OS v7.0s is ready for the 3G
market with support for GSM circuit
switched
International support
 Conforms to the Unicode Standard version
3.0
Data synchronization
 the ability to transfer files and
synchronize PIM data.

Security
Full encryption and certificate
management, secure protocols
Developing for Symbian OS
include: C++, Java (J2ME)
MIDP 2.0 and Personal Java
1.1.1a (with JavaPhone 1.0
option), andWAP
User Inputs
Generic input mechanism
supporting full keyboard, 0-9*#,
voice, handwriting recognition
and predictive text input 2.1

 The Multimedia Framework (MMF) provides
a lightweight, multi-threaded framework for
handling multimedia data.
 The framework provides audio recording
and playback, audio streaming and image
related functionality.
 Support is provided for video
recording, playback and streaming.
 The image conversion library is a
lightweight, optionally multithreaded, client-
side framework for still image codecs and
conversion;

 Plug-ins supplied by Symbian include
JPEG, GIF, BMP, MBM, SMS, WBMP, PNG,
TIFF, WMF and ICO.
 Third party plug-ins are enabled through
the extensible nature of the framework.
 Camera support: An onboard camera
API providing a consistent interface to
basic camera functions.

Layers of Multimedia Framework

• Java can run also on small devices.
• But a full Java Virtual Machine is not
implementable.
Therefore, a subset of the Java Virtual
Machine is implemented called MicroEdition.

J2ME Architecture(cont.)
KVM - Kilobyte Virtual Machine
•KVM is 40 – 80 KB in size and is meant for devices with
160 KB of memory and 16 or 32-bit RISC/CISC
microprocessors.

CLDC - Connected Limited Device Configuration
• It provides core lower level functionality at Bare minimum IO and
utilities.
• It currently consists of java.io, java.lang, java.util.

MIDP – Mobile Information Device Profile
•MIDP provides the core application functionality for
mobile devices and is meant for Network connectivity, data
storage, and user interfaces.

J2ME and MIDP
•The Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) is a key
element of the Java 2 Platform, Mobile Edition (J2ME).
When combined with the Connected Limited Device
Configuration (CLDC), MIDP provides a standard Java
runtime environment.
• The MIDP specification defines a platform for
dynamically and securely deploying optimized, graphical,
networked applications.
• CLDC and MIDP provide the core application
functionality required by mobile applications, in the
form of a standardized Java runtime environment and a
rich set of Java APIs.

J2ME Applications
A J2ME app is called a Midlet.
A
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C
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C
L
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1. JAVA SUPPORT
2. HARDWARE SUPPORT
3. GRAPHICS
4. SECURITY
5. COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS

1) JAVA SUPPORT
• Java Standards Supported by
SYMBIAN O.S :
1. MIDP 2.0
2. CLDC 1.1
3. JAVA API For BlUETOOTH
4. WIRELESS MESSAGING
5. MOBILE 3D GRAPHICS
(JSR184)

2) HARDWARE SUPPORT
• SYMBIAN O.S requires 32 bit
microprocessor that combines high
performance with low power
consumption.
• It supports latest C.P.U architecture,
peripherals, internal , external
memory types.
• Non-symbian to symbian apps porting
system

3) GRAPHICS
• SYMBIAN O.S has direct access to
keyboard and screen for higher
performance.
• It is also capable of delivering high
defination imaging ,videos and
animated interfaces.
• This technology develops the front-end
of UI .

4) SECURITY
• It has proactive system defence
mechanism based on granting and
monitoring apps capabilities through
Symbian signed certification.
• Introduction to security has provided
ability to place data in secure data
form(cage).
• Thus Symbian O.S is less prone to
attacks than any other systems.

5) COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS
• Supports Wide Area Networking
stacks including TCP/IP.
• Personal Area Networking including
INFRARED , BLUETOOTH , USB.
• GPRS networks are also provided
for the multihoming by Symbian
O.S.

BLOCK STRUCTURE OF
COMMUNICATION IN SYMBIAN O.S
4.APPLICATION
3.PROTOCOL IMPLEMENTATION
2. DEVICE DRIVER
1.PHYSICAL DEVICE

C++ basics
 T Classes (T is for type as they are similar to
fundamental types).
 C Classes (classes derived from Cbase.)
For memory management to work correctly, C
classes must ultimately derive from the
class CBase (defined in the Symbian C++ header
filee32base.h).)
 R Classes (representing Resource handles)
Usually small classes invoking open (), create (),
initialize () in the constructor and close (), resent () on
destruction.
 M Classes
An M class is an abstract interface class that declares
pure virtual functions and has no member data.

THREADS
• Active Objects live within threads which are
scheduled with a priority based pre-emptive
scheduling policy.
• Data of threads within the same process is shared and
thus must be protected with the usual synchronization
primitives such as semaphores.
• Threads are manipulated via the RThread class
• Typical operations are
oSuspend
oResume
oPanic
oKill or Terminate

THREADS
• Each thread has its own independent heap
and stack and the size of the stack is limited
upon creation RThread::Create ().
• Each thread has a unique
identifier, returned by RThread::Id ().
• Threads can be handled by RThread::Open
(identifer)

THREAD PRIORITIES
• Threads are pre-emptively scheduled and the currently
running thread is the highest priority thread ready to run.
• If there are more threads in the above situation, then they
are time-sliced on a round-robin basis.
• Priority can be dynamically changed RThread::SetPriority
(). A thread has a relative and an absolute priority.
• The absolute priority is either a function of the process
priority, or independent from it.
• All threads are created with EPriorityNormal by default
and put into a suspended state, it runs when
RThread::Resume () is called.
• A thread is stopped with Suspend () or with Kill () and
Terminate (). Panic () also stops a thread and gives a
programming error.
• It is possible to receive a notification when a thread dies.

» Processes are handled as
threads, with one main
difference, there is no suspend
method. Processes are not
scheduled! Threads are scheduled
across process boundaries.
» Processes are used to protect
memory space, rather as units of
multi-tasking.
» The kernel server process is a
special process that contains two
threads which run at supervisor
privilege level:

» The kernel server thread: the first
thread to run, the highest priority
of all threads
» The Null thread: lowest priority of
all threads, used to switch the
processor into idle mode to save
power, by calling a callback
function to shut down part of the
hardware. To allow for this thread
to run, threads performing
input/output should wait on
events rather than polling

 Faults
 It is raised if a critical error occurs such that the OS cannot
continue. It reboots the device. It can only occur in system’s
code. Also known as system panic
 Leaves
 Occur under exceptional conditions, such as out of memory, or
communication error. It should always be trapped by a
function on the calling stack. If this is not the case it will
generate a panic
 Panics
 A panic is an exception in the thread that causes the halting of
the execution. It cannot be trapped and may cause the
device’s reboot
Error types

Leaves
A leave may occur:
 Calling a leaving function
 Invoking a system call function to
cause a leave
 When a leave occurs the
corresponding error value is
propagated through the call stack
until it is caught.
 Leaves are caught by a trap harness where the
exception can be correctly handled. From the
implementation point of view, leaves are similar to
the C setjmp and longjmp mechanisms

 When a thread is panicked the code in it stops
running. There is no recovery from a panic.
 Unlike a leave, a panic can’t be trapped.
 A panic in a system thread will result in a
reboot of the device!
 A panic in any other thread results in a
“Program Closed” message box showing: the
process name, panic category and an error
code.
Panic

 One thread can panic another one:
 Used by a server when a client passes a badly
formed request
 To prevent bugs, but also as self-defence
(against denial-of-service attacks)
Panic

 Symbian OS is a robust multi-tasking operating
system, designed specifically for real-world wireless
environments and the constraints of mobile phones (including
limited amount of memory).
 Symbian OS is natively IP-based, with fully integrated
communications and messaging.
 It supports all the leading industry standards that will be
essential for this generation of data-enabled mobile phones.
Symbian OS enables a large community of developers.
 The open platform allows the installation of third party
software to further enhance the platform.
CONCLUSION

Bibliography
 Symbian OS Explained by Jo Stichbury, Wiley (2005)
 Symbian official website: http://www.symbian.com
 Symbian OS Version 7.0s, Functional Description; By
Kevin Dixon, (June 2003)
 Java official website: http://java.sun.com
 Nokia Official Website:
http://www.developer.nokia.com/Community/Wiki/Desig
n_Patterns_in_Symbian

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