Synovial joint .ppt
- 1. Duhok polytechnic University Bardarash technical institute Nursing department Synovial Joints Presentation By :- • Fatima yeasin Muhammed ghaib •Hals hazm •Ismail bahre • Hogr askander • Fazil kakl Supervise by:- Dr Zahir 2022 - 2023 Group G
- 2. 2 Joint: is the part of the body where two or more bones meet to allow movement also called articulation is a point of contact Arthrology:- It is the scientific study of joints. Kinesiology:- It is the study of the motion of the human body.
- 3. 3
- 4. 4 Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are joined by strong fibrous tissue rich in collagen
- 5. 5 Cartilaginous joints are a type of joint where the bones are entirely joined by cartilage, either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
- 6. 6 synovial joint is the type of joint found between bones that move against each other
- 7. 7 Function of joint 1. to allow mobility of the skeletal system 2. to provide a protective enclosure for vital organs
- 8. Synovial Joints: Range of Motion • Nonaxial – slipping movements only • Uniaxial – movement in one plane • Biaxial – movement in two planes • Multiaxial – movement in or around all three planes 8
- 9. Synovial Joints: General Structure • Synovial joints all have the following: • Articular cartilage • Joint (synovial) cavity • Articular capsule • Synovial fluid • Reinforcing ligaments 9 Figure 8.3a
- 10. Synovial Joints: Friction-Reducing Structures • Bursae – flattened, fibrous sacs lined with synovial membranes and containing synovial fluid • Common where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or bones rub together • Tendon sheath – elongated bursa that wraps completely around a tendon 10
- 11. Synovial Joints: Stability • Stability is determined by: • Articular surfaces – shape determines what movements are possible • Ligaments – unite bones and prevent excessive or undesirable motion • Muscles • Muscle tendons across joints are the most important stabilizing factor • Tendons are kept tight at all times by muscle tone 11
- 12. Synovial Joints: Movement • Muscle attachment across a joint • Origin – attachment to the immovable bone • Insertion – attachment to the movable bone • Described as movement along transverse, frontal, or sagittal planes 12
- 13. Types of Synovial Joints • Plane joints • Articular surfaces are essentially flat • Allow only slipping or gliding movements • Only examples of nonaxial joints 13 Figure 8.7a
- 14. Types of Synovial Joints • Hinge joints • Cylindrical projections of one bone fits into a trough- shaped surface on another • Motion is along a single plane • Uniaxial joints permit flexion and extension only • Examples: elbow and interphalangeal joints 14 Figure 8.7b
- 15. Pivot Joints • Rounded end of one bone protrudes into a “sleeve,” or ring, composed of bone (and possibly ligaments) of another • Only uniaxial movement allowed • Examples: joint between the axis and the dens, and the proximal radioulnar joint 15 Figure 8.7c
- 16. Condyloid, or Ellipsoidal, Joints • Oval articular surface of one bone fits into a complementary depression in another • Both articular surfaces are oval • Biaxial joints permit all angular motions • Examples: radiocarpal (wrist) joints, and metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) joints 16 Figure 8.7d
- 17. Saddle Joints • Similar to condyloid joints but with greater movement • Each articular surface has both a concave and a convex surface • Example: carpometacarpal joint of the thumb 17 Figure 8.7e
- 18. Ball-and-Socket Joints • A spherical or hemispherical head of one bone articulates with a cuplike socket of another • Multiaxial joints permit the most freely moving synovial joints • Examples: shoulder and hip joints 18 Figure 8.7f
- 19. Synovial Joints: Shoulder (Glenohumeral) • Ball-and-socket joint in which stability is sacrificed to obtain greater freedom of movement • Head of humerus articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula 19
- 20. Synovial Joints: Hip Joint • Hip (coxal) joint • Ball-and-socket joint • Head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum • Good range of motion, but limited by the deep socket and strong ligaments 20
- 21. Synovial Joints: Hip Stability • Acetabular labrum • Iliofemoral ligament • Pubofemoral ligament • Ischiofemoral ligament • Ligamentum teres 21 Figure 8.9a
- 22. Stability: • Annular ligament • Ulnar collateral ligament • Radial collateral ligament 22 Figure 8.10a Synovial Joints: Elbow • Hinge joint that allows flexion and extension only • Radius and ulna articulate with the humerus
- 23. Synovial Joints: Knee • Largest and most complex joint of the body • Allow flexion, extension, and some rotation • Three joints in one surrounded by a single joint cavity • Femoropatellar • Lateral and medial tibiofemoral joints 23
- 24. Reference • https://mydr.com.au/sports-fitness/joint-synovial/ • https://www.physio-pedia.com/Synovial_Joints • https://teachmeanatomy.info/the-basics/synovial-joint 24
- 25. 25