System approach in Geography
Download as PPTX, PDF7 likes18,621 views
This document discusses systems approach in geography. It defines a system as a set of interrelated elements that interact to maintain the system. The key elements of a system include inputs, outputs, processors, control, feedback, boundaries and environment. It also distinguishes between open systems, which exchange both matter and energy with the environment, and closed systems, which only exchange energy. An example of a system discussed is an ecosystem. The document aims to discuss systems thinking to better understand complex geographical phenomena.
System approach in Geography
- 1. System approach in Geography. Presenter : Himangshu Bailung(5) Jayanta Baruah(6) Moucham Medhi(7) Pankaj Saikia(8) CENTER FOR STUDIES IN GEOGRAPHY
- 2. INTRODUCTON: • SYSTEM: The word system has been derived from the Greek word “systema” which means a set of rules that govern structure and/or behavior. An organized ,purposeful structure that consist of interrelated and interdependent elements. These elements continually influences one another to maintain theirs and the existence of the system.
- 3. DEFINATION OF SYSTEMS: Hall N . Fagan(1956),”American geography- Inventory and prospect” : A system is a set of objects together with a relation with this objects and their attributes. Miller 1965 simply stated system is a set of units with relationship with them implying that: a. A set of elements identified with some variable attributes of objects. b. A set of relationship between attributes and objects. c. A set of relationship between this objects and the environment.
- 4. CHARACTERISTICS OF SYSTEM: A system has structure, it contains parts that are directly or indirectly related to each other. A system has behavior, it exhibits processes that fulfils its functions or purpose. A system has inter connectivity, the parts and processes are connected by structural and/or behavioral relationship. A system structure and behavior may be decomposed via subsystem and sub-processes to elementary parts and process steps. A system has behavior that in relativity to its surroundings may be categorized as both fast and strong.
- 5. ELEMENTS OF SYSTEM: Inputs Outputs Processor Control Feedback Boundary and interface Environment
- 6. Inputs : • Inputs involves capturing and assembling elements that enter the system to be the processed. The inputs are said to be feed to the system in order to get the out put . For example: Input of a computer system that includes-keyboard, mouse, joystick and sun, rain, etc.
- 8. Output: • Those elements that exist in the system due to the processing of the inputs is known as output. The output of a system may be in the form of cash, information, knowledge, reports, documents etc. For say: Output of a computer which includes printers and screens, monitor and erosion,grains, etc.
- 10. Processor(s) • The processor is the element of a system that involves the actual transformation of input into output. It is the operational component of a system. For example: CPU, Machineries, engines, fields, ecosystem etc.
- 11. TYPES OF SYSTEM 1. Physical or Abstract system 2. Open or Global system and Closed system. 3. Man made Information system 4. Formal information system 5. Informal informatics system 6. Computer based information system 7. Real time system.
- 12. OPEN SYSTEM: • Open system have inputs and output flow representing exchange of matter, energy or information within the surrounding. In simple it is a system that transfers both energy and matter across its boundary to is surrounding environment. Example of an open system: Drainage basin, solar energy etc.
- 13. CLOSED SYSTEM: • It is a system that transfers energy but not matter, across its boundary to the surrounding environment. Our planet, carbon cycle, hydrological cycle are some examples of a closed system.
- 14. ECOSYSTEM It is a system that models relationship and interactions between the various abiotic and biotic components making up a community or organisms and their surrounding physical environment. Example of an ecosystem: Pond ecosystem, forest ecosystem etc.
- 15. MERITS OF SYSTEM • It makes complex phenomena simple. • Its helps in research work. • System is always present. Every thing happens according to a system.
- 16. DEMERITS OR PROBLEMS OF SYSTEM • Problem of scale • Boundary identification. • To recognize elements within the system.
- 17. CONCLUSION • System exist in all spheres of knowledge weather it is in geography, mathematics or political science etc. The seminar has been prepared with a single point objective to enrich and discuss the mentioned topic with all the latest available knowledge and information at our disposal.
- 18. REFERENCE: • 29th Souvenir of twelfth Annual Conference, NEIGS-1987. • Geomorphology by Savindra Singh. • Principles of geomorphology by Thornberry. • Geomorphology by Bloom. • www.physicalgeography.net • www.wikipedia.com • www.earthonlinemedia.com
- 19. THANK YOU