System Development Life Cycle

DEPARTMENT OF
MANAGEMENT STUDIES
Presented by., Mr.R.Santosh., MBA, 1st Year
Course Teacher., Mr.R.Jaikar Joseph.,Asst.Prof / MBA
1
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT
YBA 205 - MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
Seminar
On
System development life cycle
DATE OF PRESENTATION : 12 / 04 / 2018

1. CONCEPT OF A SYSTEM
a. Characteristics of a system
b. Elements of system
2. TYPES OF SYSTEMS
3. SYSTEM LIFE CYCLE
a. Phases of system Development Life Cycle
b. Roles of System Analyst
CONTENTS
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 The term system is derived from the Greek word “Systema‟ which means “an
organized relationship among functioning units or components”.
 Basically there are three major components in every system, namely input,
processing and output.
 In a system the different components are connected with each other and they
are interdependent.
 For example, human body represents a complete natural system. We are also
bound by many national systems such as political system, economic system,
educational system, etc.
DEFINITION
3

 The objective of the system demands that some output is produced as a result of
processing the suitable inputs.
 A well-designed system also includes an additional element referred to as
“control” that provides a feedback to achieve desired objectives of the system.
 BOOK DEFINITION:
 "A system is an orderly grouping of interdependent components linked
together according to a plan to achieve a specific objective".
DEFINITION
4

 Organization - It implies structure and order.
 Interaction - It refers to manner in which each component functions with other
components of the system.
 Interdependence - Units/parts are dependent on each other.
 Integration - The parts of a system work together within the system even though
each part performs a unique function.
 Central Objective - Objective may be real or stated
 All the components work together to achieve that particular objective.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A SYSTEM
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 Outputs and inputs:
 Inputs are the elements (material, human resources, and information) that
enter the system for processing. Output is the outcome of processing.
 Processor(s):
 The processor is the element of a system that involves the actual
transformation of input into output.
 Control :
 The control element guides the system. It is the decision – making
subsystem that controls the pattern of activities governing input,
processing, and output.
ELEMENTS OF A SYSTEM
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 Feedback :
 Positive feedback reinforces the performance of the system. It is routine
in nature.
 Negative feedback generally provides the controller with information for
action.
 Environment :
 The environment is the “suprasystem” within which an organization
operates. For example, the organization's environment, consisting of
vendors, competitors, and others.
 Boundaries and interface :
 A system should be defined by its boundaries – the limits that identify its
components, processes and interrelationship when it interfaces with
another system . 7

 System life cycle is an organizational process of developing and maintaining
systems. It helps in establishing a system project plan, because it gives overall list
of processes and sub-processes required for developing a system.
 System development life cycle means combination of various activities. In other
words we can say that various activities put together are referred as system
development life cycle.
 In the System Analysis and Design terminology, the system development life
cycle also means software development life cycle.
SYSTEM LIFE CYCLE &
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE
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The different phases of system development life cycle,
1. Preliminary study
2. Feasibility study
3. Detailed system study
4. System analysis
5. System design
6. Coding
7. Testing
8. Implementation
9. Maintenance
PHASES OF
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE
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 The initial system study involves the preparation of a “System Proposal” which
lists the
 Problem Definition,
 Objectives of the Study,
 Terms of reference for Study,
 Constraints,
 Expected benefits of the new system, etc. in the light of the user
requirements. The system proposal is prepared by the System Analyst.
STEPS:
 Problem identification and project initiation
 Background analysis
 Inference or findings (system proposal)
1. PRELIMINARY STUDY
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 The feasibility study is basically the test of the proposed system in the light of its
workability, meeting user’s requirements, effective use of resource and of course,
the cost effectiveness.
 These are categorized as technical ,operational ,economic and schedule
feasibility.
 The main goal of feasibility study is not to solve the problem but to achieve the
scope.
 The cost and benefits are estimated with greater accuracy to find the Return on
Investment(ROI).
 The result is a feasibility report submitted to the management. This may be
accepted or accepted with modifications or rejected. The system cycle proceeds
only if the management accepts it.
2. FEASIBILITY STUDY
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 The detailed investigation of the system is carried out in accordance with the
objectives of the proposed system.
 This involves detailed study of various operations performed by a system and
their relationships within and outside the system.
 During this process, data are collected on the available files, decision points and
transactions handled by the present system.
 Interviews, on-site observation and questionnaire are the tools used for detailed
system study.
3. DETAILED SYSTEM STUDY
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 Systems analysis is a process of collecting factual data, understand the processes
involved, identifying problems and recommending feasible suggestions for
improving the system functioning.
 This involves studying the business processes, gathering operational data,
understand the information flow, finding out bottlenecks and evolving solutions
for overcoming the weaknesses of the system so as to achieve the organizational
goals.
 The major objectives of systems analysis are to find answers for each business
process: What is being done, How is it being done, Who is doing it, When is he
doing it, Why is it being done and How can it be improved? It is more of a
thinking process and involves the creative skills of the System Analyst.
4. SYSTEM ANALYSIS
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 The system design involves:
i. Defining precisely the required system output
ii. Determining the data requirement for producing the output
iii. Determining the medium and format of files and databases
iv. Devising processing methods and use of software to produce output
v. Determine the methods of data capture and data input
vi. Designing Input forms
vii. Designing Codification Schemes
viii. Detailed manual procedures
5. SYSTEM DESIGN
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 The system design needs to be implemented to make it a workable system. This
demands the coding of design into computer understandable language, i.e.,
programming language.
 This is also called the programming phase in which the programmer converts the
program specifications into computer instructions, which we refer to as programs.
 It is an important stage where the defined procedures are transformed into control
specifications by the help of a computer language.
 The programs coordinate the data movements and control the entire process in a
system. It is generally felt that the programs must be modular in nature.
 This helps in fast development, maintenance and future changes, if required.
6. CODING
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 Before actually implementing the new system into operation, a test run of the
system is done for removing the bugs, if any. It is an important phase of a
successful system.
 Using the test data following test run are carried out:
 Program test - When the programs have been coded, compiled and brought
to working conditions, they must be individually tested with the prepared test
data. Any undesirable happening must be noted and debugged (error
corrections)
 System test - After carrying out the program test for each of the programs of
the system and errors removed, then system test is done. At this stage the test
is done on actual data. The complete system is executed on the actual data.
 At each stage of the execution, the results or output of the system is analyzed.
7. TESTING
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 After having the user acceptance of the new system developed, the
implementation phase begins. Implementation is the stage of a project during
which theory is turned into practice. The major steps involved in this phase are:
 Acquisition and Installation of Hardware and Software
 Conversion
 User Training
 Documentation
8. IMPLEMENTATION
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 Maintenance is necessary to eliminate errors in the system during its working life
and to tune the system to any variations in its working environments.
 It has been seen that there are always some errors found in the systems that must
be noted and corrected. It also means the review of the system from time to time.
 The review of the system is done for:
 knowing the full capabilities of the system
 knowing the required changes or the additional requirements
 studying the performance.
9. MAINTENANCE
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 The system analyst is the person (or persons) who guides through the
development of an information system. In performing these tasks the analyst
must always match the information system objectives with the goals of the
organization.
1. Defining Requirement
2. Prioritizing Requirements
3. Gathering Facts, data and opinions of Users
4. Evaluation and Analysis
5. Solving Problems
6. Drawing Specifications
ROLES OF SYSTEM ANALYST
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 Management Information System - Gordon B. Davis
 Wikipedia.com
 MIS Blogs
 Slideshare.net
REFERENCES
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System Development Life Cycle

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