System programming

Introduction
 System
 Program
 Programming
 Software
 System program
 System programming
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Introduction
 Two types of software
 System software
 designed to operate and control the computer hardware
 Example: OS ,assembler
 application software
 are often called productivity programs or end-user programs
because they enable the user to complete tasks such as
creating documents, spreadsheets, databases, and
publications ,etc .
 Example: word processor, database program,IRCTC.
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Introduction
 Need of system Software:-
 To achieve effective performance of the system.
 To make effective execution of general user program.
 To make effective utilization of human resources.
 To make available new, better facilities.
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Introduction
 Application of system software:-
 It increases the productivity of computer
 translate normal language into machine language.
 efficient management of various resources.
 manages multiprocessing, paging, segmentation, resource
allocation.
 Operating system and File systems allow flexible storing and
retrieval of information
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Introduction
 Components of system programming:-
 Interpreter
 Assembler
 Compiler
 Macros and microprocessor
 Formal systems
 Debugger
 Linkers
 Operating system.
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Macros
 a single instruction that expands automatically into a
set of instructions to perform a particular task.
 used as general text handlers and for specializing
operating system
 To design OS.
 Macro processor processes macro(macro call and
macro expansion)
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Macros
 Example
:
:
ADD 1, DATA
ADD 2, DATA
MEND
:
ADD 1, DATA
ADD 2, DATA
:
DATA DC F’5’
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Macros
 Example(Macro definition)
Syntax example
MACRO MACRO
MACRO NAME INCR
INSTRUCTION 1 A 1, DATA
INSTRUCTION 2 A 2, DATA
.
.
.
MEND MEND
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Assembler
 Components of system programming:-
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Macros
 Example(Macro call)
Macro call(SYNTAX) macro call(example)
MACRO MACRO
MACRO NAME INCR
INSTRUCTION 1 ADD 1, DATA
INSTRUCTION 2 ADD 2, DATA
:
:
MEND MEND
:
INSTRUCTION ADD 3, DATA
:
MACRO NAME INCR
:
: DATA DC F’5
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EVOLUTION OF SYSTEM SOFTWARE:-
 The earliest computers were entirely programmed in a M/C
language.
 Programmer hand assemble into machine code.
 Use of assembler
 Use of relocating loaders
 Linkers
 Multiple copies of the same program run at the same time.
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EVOLUTION OF OPERATING
SYSTEM:-
 It is the software which manages hardware of the
computer and provides those resources, through an
API, to application programs.
 FORTRAN
 Batch Operating System:
 Multiprogramming :
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SYSTEM:-
 FORTRAN
 place the FORTRAN compiler (green deck) in the card
hopper
 Place source code deck into the card hopper and punch
object code on red card.
 Load a pink deck of cards marked “loader”
 Place newly translated object deck in the card hopper
 Place the card of subroutine in card hopper
 the loader would transfer execution to the users
program & add data card
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SYSTEM:-
 FORTRAN disadvantages
 Waste of computer time
 Batch operating system
 advantages
 facility to batch jobs was provided
 Utilization of computer time
 Disadvantages
 inefficient management of resources
 Costly
 Memory wastage
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EVOLUTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM:-
 Multiprogramming OS with partitioned core memory
 Fragmentation
 reloadable partitions
 Paging
 Simple paging
 Demand Paging
 Traffic controller
 Scheduler
 I/O processor
 I/O programming
 Segment
 Files
 Directories
 Data or Programs
 Time sharing
 Virtual memory
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System programming

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