Introduction to Systematic Reviews (Oslo)
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The document presents a comprehensive overview of conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses, emphasizing key methodologies for research in the behavioral and social sciences, particularly relating to depression and its associated factors. It discusses strategies for broadening search results in academic databases, and highlights findings from a study that investigated the relationship between sleeplessness and nocturnal worry. Additional insights include the importance of search terms, references to various databases, and the significance of transparency and reproducibility in research.
Introduction to Systematic Reviews (Oslo)
- 1. Universiteitsbibliotheek Systematic Reviews in Oslo Janneke Staaks March 4, 2014
- 2. Janneke Staaks j.staaks@uva.nl @jstaaks Specialist Wetenschappelijke Informatie Psychology Child Development and Education Anthropology
- 3. Evidence Based Practice guide lines Syntheses Synopses Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Primary Studies 3
- 4. Systematic Reviews in the Behavioral and Social Sciences
- 5. Best evidence? Goodyear-Smith, F. A., van Driel, M. L., Arroll, B., & Del Mar, C. (2012). Analysis of decisions made in meta-analyses of depression screening and the risk of confirmation bias: A case study. BMC medical research methodology, 12(1), 76 http://www.biomedcentral.com/14712288/12/76
- 6. Disclaimer Transparence and reproducibility Can I find everything? A specificity of 100% means that the test recognizes all actual positives Noise? A sensitivity of 100% means that the test recognizes all actual negatives
- 7. Preparation Research question and/or protocol Key concepts Search terms Articles Search queries Cochrane library
- 9. You searched a database and found far too few results. How can you broaden your Depression RCT & SR search and increase the search results? Diabetes Choose the three right answers from the following. A. Add search terms and combine with AND. B. Search more fields, for example "words in abstract". C. Limit to the most recent publications. Effect of interventions for major depressive disorder D. Combine the search terms with OR. (..) in patients with diabetes mellitus E. Use different search terms, for example synonyms.
- 10. Search terms
- 11. Search terms General - specific ethnic minority or Asian physiological measures or cortisol Synonyms and related terms social phobia or social anxiety or blushing Acronyms Major Depressive Disorder or MDD
- 12. Search terms Spelling US – UK: behavior or behaviour Single - plural: child or children Opposites Verb tenses: cry, crying or cried etc fertility or infertility Historical language Changes in DSM
- 13. Night-time thoughts in high and low worriers: Reaction to caffeine-induced sleeplessness Abstract There is ample evidence for the existence of an association between sleeplessness and worry. Not much is known, however, concerning the nature of this relationship. Therefore, a study was conducted investigating the causal relationship between sleeplessness and nocturnal worry. A 2 x 2 (Worry x Induced sleeplessness) analysis of covariance design was used. The first factor consisted of a subject variable defined by scoring either high or low on a trait measure of worry (the Penn State Worry Questionnaire) and the second factor consisted of 300 mg caffeine or placebo. A total of 96 female undergraduate students participated. The dependent variables comprised measures of nocturnal worry (the Night-Time Thoughts Questionnaire) and subjective and objective sleep parameters. Overall, caffeine caused an increase in nocturnal worry and sleeplessness. A significant interaction effect occurred between Worry and Induced sleeplessness on one of the objective sleep parameters, but no other interaction effects were significant. The results suggest that worry may occur as an epiphenomenon of sleeplessness. Key Concepts caffeine, sleeplessness, night time thoughts, worriers Subject Headings *Anxiety *Caffeine *Cognitions *Insomnia link
- 14. Search terms Sleeplessness Nocturnal worry Insomnia overlap (1 OR 2 OR 3) 354 1 3.922 4.186
- 15. Controlled vocabulary Subject headings, Mesh terms, thesaurus etc. Insomnia/ Free text terms title, abstract etc. (may vary across databases) sleeplessness.ti,ab,id.
- 17. Test your hypotheses snake fear “snake fear” snake AND fear #1 #2 search term 54 54 387 famil* 295.000 family OR families 1 NOT 2 253.000
- 18. Tip: finding search terms Sleeplessness.ti,ab,id. 349 Insomnia.ti,ab,id. 7.779 Insomnia/ 3 NOT (1 OR 2) 3.922 170
- 19. Night-time thoughts in high and low worriers: Reaction to caffeine-induced sleeplessness.ti. Abstract There is ample evidence for the existence of an association between sleeplessness and worry. Not much is known, however, concerning the nature of this relationship. Therefore, a study was conducted investigating the causal relationship between sleeplessness and nocturnal worry. A 2 x 2 (Worry x .ab. Induced sleeplessness) analysis of covariance design was used. The first factor consisted of a subject variable defined by scoring either high or low on a trait measure of worry (the Penn State Worry Questionnaire) and the second factor consisted of 300 mg caffeine or placebo. A total of 96 female undergraduate students participated. The dependent variables comprised measures of nocturnal worry (the Night-Time Thoughts Questionnaire) and subjective and objective sleep parameters. Overall, caffeine caused an increase in nocturnal worry and sleeplessness. A significant interaction effect occurred between Worry and Induced sleeplessness on one of the objective sleep parameters, but no other interaction effects were significant. The results suggest that worry may occur as an epiphenomenon of sleeplessness. Key Concepts caffeine, sleeplessness, .id. time thoughts, worriers night Subject Headings *Anxiety *Caffeine *Cognitions *Insomnia Insomnia/
- 20. You searched a database and found far too few results. How can you broaden your Depression AND search and increase the search results? Diabetes AND RCT & SR Choose the three right answers from the following. A. Add search terms and combine with AND. B. Search more fields, for example "words in abstract". C. Limit to the most recent publications. Effect of interventions for major depressive disorder D. Combine the search terms with OR. (..) in patients with diabetes mellitus E. Use different search terms, for example 213.000 titles 17.000 titles 165.000 titles synonyms.
- 21. You searched a database and found far too few results. How can you broaden your Depression RCT & SR search and increase the search results? Diabetes Choose the three right answers from the following. A. Add search terms and combine with AND. B. Search more fields, for example "words in abstract". C. Limit to the most recent publications. Effect of interventions for major depressive disorder D. Combine the search terms with OR. (..) in patients with diabetes mellitus E. Use different search terms, for example 213.000 titles 17.000 titles 165.000 titles synonyms.
- 22. You searched a database and found far too few results. How can you broaden your 336 and increase the search results? titles search Diabetes Choose the three right answers from the following. A. Add search terms and combine with AND. Depression RCT & SR B. Search more fields, for example "words in abstract". C. Limit to the most recent publications. Effect of interventions for major depressive disorder D. Combine the search terms with OR. (..) in patients with diabetes mellitus E. Use different search terms, for example 213.000 titles 17.000 titles 165.000 titles synonyms.
- 23. Databases
- 24. About PsycINFO All about behavior Experimental research Correlational research „X causes Y‟ „X is correlated with Y‟ X + Y (+ P)
- 25. PsycINFO Factsheet 1967: first electronic publication of Psychological Abstracts 1995: 1 milion records Source: Beebe, L. (2010) PsycINFO‟s Growth. retrieved from: http://www.apa.org/pubs/databases/news/2010/12/p sycinfo-growth.aspx
- 26. PsycINFO Factsheet 2014 >3,6 milion records Coverage: 1597 – present comprehensive from the 1880s Weekly updates 80% journal records 3% book records, 8% chapter records 12% dissertation abstracts
- 27. Other Databases Health care CINAHL, Sportdiscus, Pilots Medline, Embase Cochrane Library Education ERIC, Linguistic and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) EPPI Sociology Sociological Abstracts, Campbell library
- 29. Reference Manager Software Refworks https://www.flickr.com/photos/sherlock77/416909735 Endnote Reference Manager 29
- 30. Complementary Search Strategies Citation tracking Systematic reviews and meta-analyses Web of Science and Google Scholar (cited by..) Authors Hand searching Journals Conference proceedings Consulting experts
- 31. https://www.flickr.com/photos/rdennis/11948643 File drawer problem Statistics Unpublished research Contacting authors Clinicaltrials.gov International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) from the World Health Organization (WHO) Grey literature Dissertations Conference Proceedings
- 32. Help DIY Database help University Library website Librarian
- 33. From clinical to social science librarian.. Database order Fields Subject headings Explode function
- 34. Difference severity of depression between securely versus insecurely attached children PsycINFO Medline ERIC Cochrane 1.745 titles 504 titles 176 titles 115 titles
- 35. Tests and measures field (beck* depression inventory OR BDI).ti,ab,id,tm. but (depress* OR affective).tm.
- 36. Test and Measures PsycINFO: test and measures field (.tm.) ERIC: identifier field (.id.) PsycINFO: Supplement Subject Headings ERIC: Geographic Locations Tests and Testing Laws and Legislation
- 37. Education Reading comprehension and strategy instruction Family Literacy Programs http://www.flickr.com/photos/limegreen367/7607047458/
- 38. Reading and the thesaurus From 15 to 7 subject headings Exclude learning disorders Focus Do: Phonological awareness, literacy etc. Don‟t: reading speed, reading materials etc.
- 39. Thesaurus
- 42. https://www.flickr.com/photos/doug88888/6486005213 Further reading Goodyear-Smith, F. A., van Driel, M. L., Arroll, B., & Del Mar, C. (2012). Analysis of decisions made in metaanalyses of depression screening and the risk of confirmation bias: A case study. BMC medical research methodology, 12(1), 76. Sampson M., McGowana J., Cogob E., Grimshaw J., Moher D., Lefebvre C. (2009) An evidence-based practice guideline for the peer review of electronic search strategies. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 62(9) 944952
- 43. Questions?
Editor's Notes
- #4: EBM-(evidence based) guidelines.Synopses & Syntheses*: a synopsis is a summary and critical appraisal of one article, whereas synthesis is a summary and critical appraisal of a topic (which may answer several questions and may cover many articles).Systematic Reviews (a systematic summary and critical appraisal of original studies) which may or may not include a meta-analysis.Original Studies.
- #6: Two systematic reviews each addressing three research questions included 26 randomized controlled trials with different combinations in each review. For the outcome depression screening resulting in treatment, both reviews undertook meta-analyses of imperfectly overlapping studies. Two in particular, pooled each by only one of the reviews, influenced the recommendations in opposite directions. Justification for inclusion or exclusion of studies was obtuse.
- #9: DatabaseRecordsERIC1,300,000CINAHL2,600,000PsycINFO3,300,000Embase20,000,000Medline21,000,000
- #15: Range: tussen de 361 en 846 resultatenVoorbeeld: reading
- #24: 1967: Dankzij subsidie van NSF (elektronische versie van Psychological Abstracts)PsycLIT is CD-romversie Psychological abstracts. In 2000 toegevoegd aan PsycINFO
- #25: Experimental psychology refers to work done by those who apply experimental methods to the study of behavior and the processes that underlie it
- #26: 1967: Dankzij subsidie van NSF (elektronische versie van Psychological Abstracts)PsycLIT is CD-romversie Psychological abstracts. In 2000 toegevoegd aan PsycINFO
- #32: Also: www.psychfiledrawer.org
- #39: 15 naar 7: scheelt circa 12.000 artikelen(voor de oplettende lezer, screenshots komen uit ERIC)
- #41: (voor de oplettende lezer, screenshot komt uit ERIC)
- #42: Reading skills wel bij de ene, niet bij de andereVerschillen tussen thesauri leidt soms echt tot problemen. Voorbeeld: cognitivemeasures and sleep apnea