Taeniasis ppt

AA
SEMINAR ONSEMINAR ON
HEALTH IMPLICATIONS OF TAENIASIS IN MANHEALTH IMPLICATIONS OF TAENIASIS IN MAN
BYBY
MLS. ODUMOSON, NEWTON CLESTON (Intern).MLS. ODUMOSON, NEWTON CLESTON (Intern).
TOTO
THE DEPARTMENT OF PARASITOLOGY, MEDICAL LABORATORY SERVICE,THE DEPARTMENT OF PARASITOLOGY, MEDICAL LABORATORY SERVICE,
FEDERAL MEDICAL CENTRE, YENAGOA.FEDERAL MEDICAL CENTRE, YENAGOA.
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION AS ANIN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION AS AN
ASSOCIATE MEMBER OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE COUNCIL OFASSOCIATE MEMBER OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE COUNCIL OF
NIGERIA (AMLSCN).NIGERIA (AMLSCN).
SUPERVISOR: MLS. NWAJANA NGOZISUPERVISOR: MLS. NWAJANA NGOZI
SEPTEMBER, 2016.SEPTEMBER, 2016.

OUTLINEOUTLINE INTRODUCTION
 TAXONOMY
 HABITAT
 EPIDEMIOLOGY
 MORPHOLOGY
 LIFE CYCLE
 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
 HEALTH IMPLICATIONS
 DIAGNOSTIC TESTSTESTS
 TREATMENT
 PARASITE CONTROL MEASURES
 CONCLUSION
 RECOMMENDATIONS

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
 Taeniasis pose a public health hazard in man, hence, thepose a public health hazard in man, hence, the
growing need to understand the health implications of thisgrowing need to understand the health implications of this
endemic disease.endemic disease.
 Taeniasis is an intestinal infection of human with the adultTaeniasis is an intestinal infection of human with the adult
stage of the tapeworm of the genusstage of the tapeworm of the genus Taenia.Taenia. The mostThe most
important causative agents areimportant causative agents are T. soliumT. solium andand T. saginataT. saginata
and their respective larval stagesand their respective larval stages Cysticercus cellulosaeCysticercus cellulosae
andand Cysticercus bovis.Cysticercus bovis.
(Radostits et al., 2007).

TAXONOMYTAXONOMY
 Kingdom - AnimaliaKingdom - Animalia
 Phylum -Phylum - PlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthes
 ClassClass -- CestodaCestoda
 OrderOrder -- CyclophyllideaCyclophyllidea
 FamilyFamily -- TaeniidaeTaeniidae
 GenusGenus -- TaeniaTaenia
 Species -Species - T. saginata &T. saginata &
T. soliumT. solium (Bowles et al., 1994).

HABITAT
 Adult worms live in the small intestine of
their definitive host
 Larval stage found in intermediate host tissue
 Eggs are diagnostic stage
(Newton et al., 1949).

EPIDEMIOLOGYEPIDEMIOLOGY
 IsIs found worldwide.found worldwide.
AboutAbout
50 to 70 million people50 to 70 million people
are affectedare affected
 Rural, developingRural, developing
countries with poorcountries with poor
hygienehygiene
 places where pigs areplaces where pigs are
allowed to roam freelyallowed to roam freely
and eat human faecesand eat human faeces
allows the cycle toallows the cycle to
continue.continue.
(Boa et al., 2003).

MORPHOLOGYMORPHOLOGY
(Gracey, 1994).

MORPHOLOGY cont’d.
TAENIA SAGINATA TAENIA SOLIUM
Length (meters) 3 to 10 (up to 25) 2 to 5 (upto 7)
Suckers 4 4
Rostellum & Hooklets Absent Present
Proglottids 1000 to 2000 1000
Eggs production
/proglottid
100000 50000
(Bowles et al., 1994).

MORPHOLOGY CONT’D.MORPHOLOGY CONT’D.

 The eggs of Taenia saginata and T.
solium are indistinguishable
morphologically.
 The eggs are spherical, diameter 31 to
43 µm, with a thick radially striated
brown embryophore.
 Inside each is an oncosphere with 6
hooklets.
EGGEGG

LIFE CYCLE OF TAENIA
SPP
(CDC, 1993)(CDC, 1993).
Eggs of gravid proglottids
faeces
and passed into environment

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Most people are Asymptomatic or mild symptoms.
Tapeworms can cause digestive problems including abdominal pain,
loss of appetite, weight loss, diarrhoea and stomach upset.
Most visible symptom - passing of proglottids
 RARE - tapeworm segments become lodged in the appendix
(appendicitis), or the bile ducts (cholangitis)
 Infection with T. solium tapeworms can result in human cysticercosis,
- cause seizures and muscle or eye damage.

HEALTH IMPLICATIONS
 PERNICIOUS ANAEMIA
 APPENDICITIS
 ABDOMINAL PAIN
 CONSTIPATION
 DIARRHOEA
 LOSS OF APPETITE
 CYSTICERCOSIS IN MUSCLE
 NEUROCYTOCISIS
 OPHTHALMIC CYSTICERCOSIS
 INSOMNIA
(Medina et al., 1990).

 Taeniasis
 Direct faecal smear
 Brine floatation technique
 Cellophane-tape technique
 Visualization of Taenia eggs-has poor sensitivity and difficult to
differentiate from T. saginata
 Coproantigen detection ELISA-95% sensitivity and 99% specificity
 Cysticercosis
 Biopsy of subcutaneous nodules, X-ray, CT scan or MRI are used for the
diagnosis of brain type and ophthalmoscope examination is used for ocular
form
 Histopathological diagnosis (cysticercus in autopsy tissue).
 Differential leucocyte count (eosinophilia)
Diagnosis
(Garcia et al., 2003).

 Taeniasis is easily treated withTaeniasis is easily treated with
praziquantel (5-10 mg/kg single dose)praziquantel (5-10 mg/kg single dose)
 Niclosamide (adults and children over 6Niclosamide (adults and children over 6
year, 2g single dose)year, 2g single dose)
 Albendazole is also highly effective forAlbendazole is also highly effective for
treatment of cattle and the pig infectiontreatment of cattle and the pig infection
 Surgical removal is required for ocular andSurgical removal is required for ocular and
superficial cysticercosissuperficial cysticercosis
TREATMENTTREATMENT
(Botero et al., 1993)

 Through proper cooking of meat at a temp not less than
60o
C, Heat treatment-sterilize by heat or boiling at 95-100o
C
for 30 minutes or heat 72o
C for 2hrs
 Freeze at -150
C for at least 30 days
 Avoid feeding swill or garbage to pigs
 Drying is ineffective, but salting and smoking can be
effective
PARASITE CONTROL MEASURESPARASITE CONTROL MEASURES
(Boa et al., 2003).

 Taeniasis is an important zoonotic disease that affects both
humans and animal healths, it occurs as a result of eating
raw/under cooked meat, backyard slaughtering especially in
holyday, and lack of sanitation gives a great favour for continual
existence of parasite/disease within human and animal
population.
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

RECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONS
 There should be public awareness campaigns about health and
economic importance of the disease through social and public
media
 Avoid raw/undercooked meat consumption
 The community should use latrines/toilets
 Untreated human faeces should not be used as fertilizer on
pasture.

“Eat healthily, sleep well,
breathe deeply, move
harmoniously.”

REFERENCESREFERENCES
Arechavaleta, F., Molinari, J. L., & Tato, P. (1998). A Taenia solium metacestode factor nonspecifically
inhibits cytokine production. Parasitology Research, 84, 117-122.
Boa, M., Mukaratirwa, S., Willingham, A. L., & Johansen, M. V. (2003). Regional Action Plan for
Combating Taenia solium Cysticercosis/Taeniosis in Eastern and Southern Africa. Acta Tropical,
87,183-186.
Botero, D., Uribe, C. S., Sanchez, J. L., Alzate, T., Velasquez, G., Ocampo, N. E., & Villa, L. A. (1993). Short
course Albendazole treatment for neurocysticercosis in Columbia. Transactions of the Royal
Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 87, 576-577.
Bowles, J. & McManus D. P. (1994). Genetic characterization of the Asian Taenia, a newly described taeniid
cestode of humans. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 50, 33-44.
Bowles, J. & McManus, D. P. (1994). Genetic characterization of the Asian Taenia, a newly described taeniid
cestode of humans. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 50, 33-44.
Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. (1993). Recommendations for the International Tasks Force for
Disease Eradication. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 42, 28-38.

Garcia, H. H., Gonzalez, A. E., & Gilman, R. H. (2003). Diagnosis, treatment and control of Taenia
solium cysticercosis. Current Opinion in Infectious Disease, 16, 411-419
Gracey, J. L. (1994). Thornton’s Meat Hygiene. Economic losses resulting from bovine cysticercosis
with reference to Botswana and Kenya. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 10, 127-
140.
Medina, M. T., Rosas, E., Rubio, D. F. & Sotelo, J. (1990). Neurocysticercosis as the main cause of
late onset epilepsy in Mexico. Archives of Internal Medicine, 150, 325-327.
Newton, W. L., Bennett, H. J. & Figgat, W. B. (1949). Observations of the effects of various sewage
treatment processes upon eggs of Taenia saginata. American Journal of Tropical Medicine
and Hygiene, 49, 166-175.
Radostits, M. O., Gay, C. C., Hinchcliff, K. W., & Constable, P.D. (2007). Veterinary Medicine. Text
book of the disease of cattle, sheep, goats pigs and horses(10 ed.) Saunders:
Philadeliphia .( Pp, 1581-1583).

Taeniasis ppt

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