TAP Tip Sheet - General Calming Techniques
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The document provides tips and resources for managing behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorders, emphasizing visual communication, limited verbal instructions, and the importance of personal space. It highlights techniques such as employing neutral behaviors, waiting for response, and reducing audience presence to minimize distress and inappropriate actions. Additionally, it advises caution with physical interventions and reinforces the role of visual tools in guiding children towards appropriate behaviors.
TAP Tip Sheet - General Calming Techniques
- 1. Autism Spectrum Disorders Tips & Resources Tip Sheet 8 GENERAL CALMING TECHNIQUES 1. Communicate clearly what the child needs to do Visually communicate what the child needs to do to calm or stop the inappropriate behavior. Use pictures, gestures or other visual supports to show the child what to do. Try to engage the child in a “neutral” behavior. Neutral behaviors are designed to stop the negative behavior and help the child regain control. If he is engaging in the neutral behavior, the child can’t be doing the inappropriate behavior, or at least it will be somewhat modified. OR, Make it clear what the child is supposed to be doing. Communicate a request of direction to get the child engaged in the activity that was occurring when the behavior erupted. Be sure to support your directions visually. 2. Talk less Use very little language. Give a simple verbal direction paired with visual supports and then be quiet. When children are having difficulties, there is a huge temptation to talk more; explaining or giving directions. If the child is out of control, the extra verbal bombardment can serve to escalate his behavior even more. Children who are sensitive to sound can become super-hyper-sensitive in times of frustration. Generally, limited language works best, however, there are a few children who recoup better and faster if verbal language is totally eliminated and only visual forms of communication are used. 3. Use yourself as a visual tool Your body language, stance, position, and facial expressions will visually demonstrate to the chld what you expect him to do. Use your body to make things happen Look like you are expecting the child to respond. Look like you are ready. Hold out your hand. Point to what the child is supposed to do. Hold out the object of contention. Wait expectantly. Use your body to communicate what should not happen Push away an item of dispute, fold your arms and shake your head, or use other gestures to make your point. Use your body to prevent things from happening Position yourself to prevent a problem. Standing between the child and an object, blocking a doorway or sitting in a location that keeps the child in a specific area are ways to control difficulties. Avoid turning your back to the child. 4. Wait Once you have communicated what the child needs to do, wait. When everything is going well, these children frequently need some “wait” time during communication interactions. At times of distress, that need for wait time may increase. Wait expectantly. Continue to show the child what he needs to do. The visual supports will keep communicating even if you are not talking. Rev.0612 Reference - Linda Hodgdon: Solving Behavior Problems in Autism (Pgs. 228-231) Prepared by: The TAP Service Center at The Hope Institute for Children and Families www.theautismprogram.org
- 2. Autism Spectrum Disorders Tips & Resources 5. Be aware of eye contact Children can be remarkably aware of your attention or the attention of other to their behavior. Sometimes, looking at them serves to give attention that will perpetuate their actions. If attention seems to be contributing to the problem, change something. Try looking away, avoiding eye contact, changing your body orientation or moving some distance away from the child. This does not mean to totally leave a child or stop watching him. You must maintain visual awareness and an appropriate distance for safety. Be aware that adjusting your presence may help the situation. 6. Reduce the audience Be aware that children who generally seem oblivious to their peers or the people around them can become remarkably aware of their presence and attention during times of distress. There are some children that will take advantage of being out in the community. They may threaten to behave badly as a means of getting their own way in those environments. Do what you can to remove an audience that will reinforce bad behavior. 7. Avoid physical injury Do not let children, their caregivers or others get injured. When children are having problems, it is very tempting to try to physically manage them. Use great caution when considering this option. Changing the situation by physically prompting a child can sometimes appear to be an easy solution. People commonly get close to children or physically help them in interventions such as: Moving the child Helping the child perform an action Removing him from a situation Removing him from a location Removing an object that is instrumental in the problem Attempting to stop physical aggression Sometimes you have to move a child to prevent injury. At times, physical prompting or guidance is appropriate. In other situation, it may be unnecessary. It may even escalate a confrontation. Observe carefully what is happening. Be aware of the child’s personal space. It is not unusual for a child’s need for personal space to increase in the midst of a severe difficultly. Instead of jumping in with some form of physical maneuvering, a more effective response may be to stand back and give the child some space to collect himself. Then he will be ready to do what is required. There are some caregivers who are constantly getting hurt. This can be more common for new staff. They model “battle scars” from biting, scratching, pinching, head butting, and other child aggression. This should not happen. If a person is experiencing more than an occasional or accidental injury, something needs to change quickly. It is time for a meeting and a new plan. Rev.0612 Reference - Linda Hodgdon: Solving Behavior Problems in Autism (Pgs. 228-231) Prepared by: The TAP Service Center at The Hope Institute for Children and Families www.theautismprogram.org
- 3. Autism Spectrum Disorders Tips & Resources There may be times when physically prompting or moving a child is a part of the child’s intervention plan. Just be aware of this: In times of distress, children who are sensitive to touch will probably be even more sensitive. Children may physically protest to avoid touch or being contained. It is not unusual for a child’s need for personal space to increase when he is having a problem. Getting close when trying to physically prompt him may actually escalate his behavior. Because very young children do not understand well, physically managing them during behavior crisis situations is a natural reaction. Holding them, picking them up, or moving them to other locations are instinctive reactions. Techniques that work well for preschoolers will not be appropriate as children get older. Make sure your behavior interventions programs are working toward using techniques that will be appropriate as the child matures. Visual tools are frequently effective options. 8. Remind the child what he needs to do . . . then wait Observe the child. It may be necessary to communicate your requests again. Perhaps several times. Visually remind the child what needs to be done. A reminder does not have to be verbal. Simply moving a visual tool or object or pointing again can be enough. Just avoid the temptation to bombard the child with repeated verbal requests. 9. As the child calms, prompt the appropriate behavior Negotiate an acceptable ending to the event. This is a time to teach the child some appropriate alternatives to the inappropriate behavior. Help the child communicate the appropriate information for the situation. Show him a gesture or visual tool or teach the words that he needs to learn. Give him a choice. Redirect him to another activity. Guide him to complete the original activity. Rev.0612 Reference - Linda Hodgdon: Solving Behavior Problems in Autism (Pgs. 228-231) Prepared by: The TAP Service Center at The Hope Institute for Children and Families www.theautismprogram.org