This document summarizes two academic articles about language planning and policy:
1. "Slicing the onion ethnographically: layers and spaces in multilingual education policy and practice" discusses how language policy exists in layers from legislation through implementation in individual contexts.
2. "Unpeeling the onion: Language Planning and Policy and the ELT Professional" compares rational and critical theory approaches to language policy and how ideologies and political and economic goals shape policy choices.
3. The document illustrates the layered nature of language policy from broad legislation and processes through interpretation in institutions and classrooms and implementation with individuals.