Taylor ppt.ppt
- 1. SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT TOPIC : MANAGEMENT THEORY BY F.W.TAYLOR PRESENTED BY: Capt(Retd)Dr Pooja Mehra CONTENTS: 1-TAYLOR’S CONTRIBUTION TO MANAGEMENT 2-WHAT IS SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT ? 3-MANAGEMENT THEORY BY TAYLOR. 4- MANAGEMNET VIEW. 5-PRINCIPLES OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT. 6-CRITICISM FOR TAYLOR’S MANAGEMENT. 7-HOW DO TODAY’S MANAGERS USE SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT??
- 2. Taylor’s contribution to management Frederick Winslow Taylor (20 March 1856-21 March 1915), widely known as F. W. Taylor, was an American mechanical engineer who sought to improve industrial efficiency. He is regarded as the father of scientific management, and was one of the first management consultants. He is sometimes called as “Father of Scientific Management”.
- 3. SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT It is the art of knowing what exactly you want from your men to do & then seeing that it is done in best possible manner. In simple words it is just an application of science to management.
- 4. MANAGEMENT THEORY BY TAYLOR Analyzing the work – One best way to do it. He is remembered for developing time and motion study. He would break a job into parts and measure each of 100th of a minute. The efforts of his disciples (most notably H.L.Gantt) made the industry to implement these ideas.
- 5. Taylor’s view about management. Taylor believed that the industrial management of his day was amateurish, that management could be formulated as an academic discipline. Best results would come from the partnership between trained and qualified management and a cooperative and innovative workforce. Each side needed the other and there is no need for trade unions.
- 6. Techniques of Scientific Management Time Study is the technique to determine the standard time taken by a worker of average skill and knowledge to complete a standard task. Fatigue study seeks to determine the amount and frequency of rest intervals required in completing a task. Method study seeks to find out one best way of doing the job. Motion study refers to the study of movements of limbs which are undertaken while doing a typical job. This helps to eliminate unnecessary movements so that it takes less time to complete
- 7. Standardisation refers to the process of setting standards for every business activity Simplification aims at eliminating superfluous varieties, sizes and dimensions of products. Functional foremanship is an extension of the principle of division of work and specialisation to the shop floor. Each worker is supposed to take orders from eight foremen in the related process or function of production namely
- 8. Instruction Card Clerk: He assigns work to all the employees. Route Clerk: He decides how work will progress regarding total productions. So that production is on time. Time and Cost Clerk: He determines what will be the total cost and how much time each job take. Disciplinarian: He sees that there is discipline at work place. Speed boss: He ensures that the work is moving at a suitable pace. Gang Boss: He ensures sufficient availability of raw material, tools etc. Repair Boss: He sees that whenever some repair is involved in any work, the work is done properly. Inspector: He sees that whether the quality of output is good or not.
- 9. Principles of scientific management Science not the rule of thumb: scientific investigation should be used for taking managerial decisions instead of basing on opinion, institution or thumb rule. Harmony and cooperation between employers and employees: Harmonious relationship between employees and employers. Cooperation of employees that managers can ensure that work is carried in accordance with standards.
- 10. Cntd… Scientific selection training and development: selection means to choose the best employee according to the need. Their skill and experience must match the requirement of the job. Scientific development refers to criteria for promotions, transfers etc.. So that work is done with full efficiency.
- 11. Cntd… Division of work/ responsibility: The responsibility of workers and management should be properly divided & communicated so that they can perform them in an effective way and should be reward for the same. Mental revolution: Acc. To Taylor, the workers and managers should have a complete new outlook; a mental revolution in respect to their mutual relations. Workers should be considered as a part of Organization. Employers shouldn’t treat workers as mere
- 12. His principles of management The four principles of management. 1. The development of a true science. 2. The scientific selection of the workman. 3. The scientific education and development of the workman. 4. Intimate and friendly cooperation between the management and the
- 13. Taylor created planning departments, staffed them with engineers, and gave them the responsibility to: 1. Develop scientific methods for doing work. 2. Establish goals for productivity. 3. Establish systems of rewards for meeting the goals. 4. Train the personnel in how to use the methods and thereby meet the goals.
- 15. Criticism for scientific management The main argument against Taylor is this reductionist approach to work dehumanizes the worker. The allocation of work "specifying not only what is to be done but how it is to done and the exact time allowed for doing it" is seen as leaving no scope for the individual worker to excel or think. 1. The belief that increased output would lead to less workers. 2. Inefficiencies within the management control system such as poorly designed incentive schemes and hourly pay rates not linked to productivity.
- 16. How do today’s managers use Scientific Management 1. It was important because it could raise countries’ standard of living by making workers more productive and efficient. 2. Also it’s important to remember that many of the tools and techniques developed by the scientific management practitioners are still used in organizations today.
- 19. Case Study Sanchit, after completing his entrepreneurship course from Sweden returned to India and started a coffee shop ‘AromaCoffeeCan’ in a famous mall in New Delhi. The speciality of the coffee ship was the special aroma of coffee and a wide
- 20. Somehow, the business was neither profitable nor popular. Sanchit was keen to find out the reason. He appointed Sandhya, an MBA from a reputed college, as a Manager to find out the causes for the same. Sandhya took feedback from the clients and found out that though they loved the special unique aroma of coffee but were not happy with the long waiting time being taken to process the order.
- 21. She analysed and found out that there were many unnecessary obstructions in between which could be eliminated. She fixed a standard time for processing the order. She also realised that there were some flavours whose demand was not enough. So, she also decided to stop the sale of such flavours. As a result with in a short period Sandhya was able to attract the customers.
- 22. Identify and explain any two techniques of scientific management used by Sandhya to solve the problem
- 23. The two techniques of scientific management used by Sandhya to solve the problem are: (any two) Time study: It seeks to determines the standard time taken to perform a well- defined job. The objective of time study is to determine the number of workers to be employed , frame suitable incentive schemes and determine labour costs. By using time measuring devices for each element of task the standard time is fixed for the whole of the task by taking several readings. Simplification (Standardisation and Simplification): Simplification aims at eliminating superfluous diversity of products in terms of varieties, sizes and dimensions. It not only helps to reduce inventories but also save cost of labour, machines and tools. Thus it helps to increase turnover by ensuring optimum utilisation of resources. Motion study: Motion study refers to the study of movements of limbs of a worker while doing a particular task. It seek to divide all such movements into three categories namely; o Motions which are required o Motions which are unnecessary o Motions which are incidental. Thus, motion study helps to eliminate unnecessary movements of a work and enables him to complete the given task efficiently.