The document discusses Test-Driven Development (TDD) with Ruby. It notes that the primary goal of TDD is specification and design, not just validation, by thinking through requirements and design before writing code. The TDD cycle involves adding a test, running all tests to see the new one fail, writing code to pass the test, refactoring code, and repeating. There are two levels of TDD: acceptance TDD which writes a single acceptance test and just enough code to pass it; and developer TDD which writes a single unit test and code to pass that test.